Oral Literature in Africa (91 page)

improvisation, significance of in oral literature

in lyrics
182
,
235
,
259
,
260

in work songs,
232

See also
composition; individual originality

incantations,
179
,
180
,
181
,
199

India,
312

individual originality

in Akan dirges,
161
,
162
,
163

in curses, prayers,
443

in drum literature,
483

existence of denied in oral literature
23
,
375
-
376

lack of in Ambo hunting songs,
221

by leader in lyrics,
182
,
252
,
253
,
263

in lyrics,
235
,
260
,
262

in mantic poetry,
184

in proverbs,
404

in stories,
311
,
317
,
319
-
320
,
371
,
373
,
374
,
375
,
376

Indo-European,
83

initiation, literature connected with,
102
,
104
,
122
,
137
,
201
,
296
,
400
,
419
,
426
,
437
,
439

Inkishafi,
170

Innes, G.,
xxxv
,
346
,
362

innovation.
See
composition; improvisation

intoned literature.
See
recitative

invocation.
See
religious poetry

Irele, A. F.,
xxx

Islam, Islamic,
52
,
119
,
145
,
345

magic,
179

as patron of poetry,
91

religious poetry,
167
,
168
,
451

war poetry,
207
.
See also tenzi

‘myths’ in,
165
,
167
-
168

poetic forms in,
xxxiii

political songs in,
281

Ittmann, J.,
35
,
36
,
429

Ivory Coast,
335
,
489
,
494

James, W.,
341

Jabo,
381
,
394
,
405

Jacobs, J.,
30
,
47
,
108
,
429
,
484

Jacobs, M.,
42

Jacottet, E.,
31
,
34
,
308
,
334
,
336
,
344
,
356

Jahn, J.,
470

James, W.,
336

Jans, P.,
341

Jaques, A. A.,
385
,
386
,
392
,
393
,
398
,
415
,
416
,
422

Jelleman,
36
,
97

Jie,
455

Job,
169

Johnson, F.,
xxx
,
xxxii
,
64
,
85
,
359
,
369

Johnston, J. W.,
310

Jones, A. M.,
44
,
79
,
104
,
143
,
146
,
147
,
215
,
234
,
254
,
255
,
256
,
257
,
261
,
262
,
296
,
304
,
367
,
386
,
390
,
432

Jones, E. D.,
xxx
,
523

Jones, G. I.,
494
,
495
,
496

Jones, R.,
168
,
252

Jordan, A. C,
418
,
419

Joseph,
169

Jousse, M.,
3

Joyce, James,
311

Jung,
46

Junod, H. A.,
11
,
31
,
42
,
216
,
236
,
308
,
320
,
376

Junod, H. P.,
33
,
67
,
371
,
385
,
386
,
392
,
393
,
398
,
415
,
416
,
422
,
424
,
456
,
457

Kaffir.
See
Xhosa

Kagame, A.,
45
,
79
,
201
,
207

Kaguru,
323

Kagwa,
359

Kalabari,
362
,
496
,
497
,
498
,
499

Kalahari,
52
,
78
,
343

Kalanda, A.,
79

Kalanga,
295

Kalela
dance,
269
,
274
,
276

Kamanzi, Th.,
207

Kamba,
68
,
205
,
231
,
259
,
293
,
351
,
362
,
368
,
369
,
380
,
398
,
416
,
422
,
427
,
428

Kamerun,
35

Kanuri,
53
,
73
.
See also
Bornu

Karanga,
390
,
399
,
415
,
417
,
456

Kaschula, R, H.
xxxi
,
xxxix

Kassena-Nankani,
255

Kauffman, R.,
181

Kawada, Junzo,
xxx

Kele
118
,
468
-
469
,
470
-
472
,
482
,
484

Kensdale, W. E. N.,
52

Kenya,
205
,
249
,
277
,
425

Kenyatta, Jomo,
278
,
280

Kesteloot, L.,
xxx
,
xxxii
,
108

Kgatla,
424
,
425
,
428

Khoi-Khoi.
See
Hottentot

Khoisan,
59

Kidney, E.,
204
,
205
,
228

Kikuyu,
278
,
279
,
280
,
289
,
330
,
334
,
336
,
338
-
341
,
348
-
350
,
393
,
397
,
419

Kilson, M. D. de B.,
364

Kimbundu,
353
,
355
,
368
,
369
,
381
,
395

King, A.,
257

King, A. V.,
183

Kingslake, B.,
181

Kingsley, M.,
33

Kiniramba.
See
Nilyamba

kirari,
112,
460

Kirkby, P. R.,
215

Klama
,
253
,
254

Klingenheben, A.,
54
,
75
,
252

Klipple, M.,
312

Knappert, J.,
172
,
237

Koelle, S. W.,
32

Konate, M.,
108

Kongo,
60
,
61
,
180
,
504

Koranic.
See
Arabic; Islamic

Koranko, Kooranko,
36

Koritschoner, H.,
104

Kosi,
275

Krappe, A. H.,
30
,
485

Krieger, K.,
304

Krige, E. J.,
208
,
209
-
210
,
370

Krio,
432

Kronenberg, A.,
334

Kru,
394
,
405

Krug, A.,
363
,
375

Kuanyama Ambo,
248
,
401

Kuba,
252

Kunene, D. P.,
68
,
121

Kunene, R.,
56

Kuper, H.,
488

Kwa,
77

kwadwumfo,
86

Kxatla.
See
Kgatla

Labouret, H.,
489
,
490
,
491
,
493

Lacroix, P. F.,
47
,
53
,
97
,
107
,
167

Laing, A. G.,
36
,
97

Lamba,
9
,
62
,
63
,
65
,
337
,
371
,
374
,
386
,
389
,
397
,
401
,
414
,
422
,
424
,
426
,
428

Lambert, H. E.,
269

lampoons,
266
,
270
,
271
.
See also
political songs

Lane, M. G. M.
272

Lango,
46
,
201
,
342

languages, African,
6
,
34
-
35
,
45
,
46
,
53
,
59
,
70

Larson, T. J.,
345

Lasebikan, E. L.,
71
-
72
,
195
,
482

Laurence,
247
,
248

Laydevant, F.,
105
,
137
,
185
,
186
,
187

leader, song,
214
,
252
,
375

in lyrics,
182
,
254
,
254
,
259

in stories,
375

in work songs,
227

See also
soloist

Leakey, L. S. B.,
277
-
280
,
289

Leaver, K. D.,
385

Lega,
382

legend.
See
historical narrative

Leith-Ross, S.,
363

Lekgothoane, S. K.,
123
,
134

Lele,
432

Leslau, W.,
236

Lestrade, G. P.,
70
,
75
,
122
,
124
,
128
,
129
,
402
,
403
,
456

Lévi-Strauss, C.,
503

Lewis, I.,
75
,
80
,
205
,
248
,
289

Lhote, H.,
54

Limba,
xxvi
, xxxxliii,
10
,
79
,
102
,
103
,
105
,
146
,
216
,
225
,
231
,
232
,
238
,
239
,
253
,
255
,
296
,
313
-
317
,
323
,
329
,
331
-
333
,
336
,
337
,
354
,
363
,
374
,
369
,
370
,
371
,
374
,
380
,
391
,
397
,
416
,
423
,
435
,
438
,
439
,
440
,
441
,
442

Lianja,
109
,
359
,
360

Liberia,
119
,
381
,
394
,
405

Lienhardt, G.,
xxxv
,
104
,
105
,
176
,
177
,
203
-
204

Lienhardt, P.,
169

Lifchitz, Lifszyc, D.,
354
,
457
,
461
,
462

Ligers, Z.,
345

Lindblom, G.,
205
,
231
,
259
,
294
,
368
,
369
,
370
,
380
,
398
,
416
,
422
,
427
,
428

Lindfors, B.,
xxx

Lingala.
See
Ngala

linguist (Akan),
434

linguistic basis of African literature,
58
,
70
.
See also
tone

linguistic studies of African oral literature,
31
,
36
,
47

literacy

amount of in contemporary Africa,
56
-
57
,
107
,
285

in Arabic or Arabic script,
52
-
53
,
360

literature, oral literature as one form of,
1

difficulty of defining,
1
,
26

difficulty of differentiating from non-literary forms in oral cultures,
17
,
26
,
27

African forms in nineteenth-century,
27
,
30
-
32

lithoko,
143
,
184

Littmann, E.,
151
,
237

Liturgical verse,
54
,
181

Lloyd, L. C.,
149
,
178

Lloyd, P. C.,
359

Lomax, A.,
255

Lomongo.
See
Mongo

Loeb, E.,
248

Lokele.
See
Kele

Longmore, L.,
252

Lonkundo.
See
Nkundo

Lord, A. B.,
3

Lotuko,
301
,
302

love poems,
246
-
249
,
277