Polio Wars (66 page)

119.
Gould
Summer Plague
, 96–98; John F. Pohl “The Kenny Treatment of Anterior Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis): Report of First Cases Treated in America”
JAMA
(1942) 118: 1428–1433.

120.
Kenny to Dear Dr. Diehl, February 16 1942, Dr. Harold S. Diehl, 1941–1944, MHS-K; Kenny to Dear Mr. O'Connor, February 19 1942, Basil O'Connor, 1940–1942, MHS-K.

121.
Editorial “The Kenny Treatment for Poliomyelitis”
Archives of Physical Therapy
(June 1942) 23: 364–367; [Cohn third interview with] John Pohl and Betty Pohl, October 9 1953, Cohn Papers, MHS-K.

122.
“Sister Kenny Treatment Hit by 7 Doctors”
Chicago Daily Tribune
June 16 1944; “Institute Leader Comments”
New York Times
June 16 1944; “Kenny Methods Placed At Top”
Minneapolis Morning Tribune
[June 1944] Minnesota Poliomyelitis Research Committee, Box 2, UMN-ASC.

123.
Harry S. Sherwood “Kenny Report Awaited By Doctors”
Baltimore Evening Sun
October 31 1944. See also Harry M. Marks
The Progress of Experiment: Science and Therapeutic Reform in the United States, 1900–1990
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 98–113; George B. Darling “How the National Research Council Streamlined Medical Research for War” in Morris Fishbein ed.
Doctors at War
(New York: E.P. Dutton & Company, 1945), 363–398.

124.
Since 1940 the NFIP had provided a grant of $70,000 for an indefinite period of time to the NRC for fellowships in virus research and in orthopedic surgery;
Annual Report: For the Year Ended May 31 1945
(New York: National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, 1945), 35.

125.
O. H. Perry Pepper to Dear Darling, September 1 1944, Review Committee, 1944, NAS; O. H. Perry Pepper to Dear Mr. Bell, September 11 1944, Review Committee, 1944, NAS.

126.
See Digby E. Baltzell
Philadelphia Gentlemen: The Making of a National Upper Class
(Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971); O. H. Perry Pepper
Old Doc
(Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1957).

127.
Lewis H. Weed to My Dear Doctor [Ross] Harrison, August 16 1944, Review Committee, 1944, NAS; and see George B. Darling to Dear Mr. Kline, September 13 1944, Review Committee, 1944, NAS.

128.
George B. Darling to Dear Mr. Kline, September 13 1944, Review Committee, 1944, NAS.

129.
Pepper to Dear Doctor Darling, September 15 1944, Review Committee, 1944, NAS.

130.
Kenny to Gentlemen, September 25 1944, Review Committee, 1944, NAS.

131.
“Itinerary,” Review Committee, 1944, NAS; Diehl to Dear Doctor Darling, September 8 1944, Review Committee, 1944, NAS. The 5 members who traveled to Minnesota were Bard, Darling, Pepper, Piersol, and Winternitz.

132.
September Draft, 1–2, 5, 17; “Report of Special Committee,” 2.

133.
“Report of Special Committee,” 4, 7. There were 3 small laboratories used for tissue pathology and chemical and hematological analysis, but no space “for any added activity and certainly not for any research.”

134.
“Report of Special Committee,” 2–3; see also September Draft, 2.

135.
“Report of Special Committee,” 9; September Draft, 9, 19.

136.
“Report of Special Committee,” 4–6. The September Draft termed this group “home physicians,” 5.

137.
September Draft, 2, 5, 17.

138.
“Report of Special Committee,” 11–13, 16; September Draft, 17.

139.
“Report of Special Committee,” 16–17.

140.
“Report of Special Committee,” 14, 17–18.

141.
“Report of Special Committee,” 18–20.

142.
Fred Fadell arranged for the Institute's board to invite Australian Prime Minister John Curtin and President Roosevelt, but both invitations were declined; Fred E. Fadell to Board of Directors, Memo, May 19 1944, Board of Directors undated and 1944–1945, MHS-K; Margaret Webber to Dear Honorable Sir [Prime Minister John Curtain], July 23 1944, Series A461, Item FA 347/1/7, AA-ACT; Marvin L. Kline to President, [1944], FDR-OF- 1930, Infantile Paralysis 1943–1945, Box 2, FDR Papers.

143.
“Kenny Film Shown to 700”
Minneapolis Star-Journal
October 13 1944; “Kenny Drive Group Picked to Direct Pleas to Businesses”
Minneapolis Star-Journal
November 17 1944; “Speakers Ready for Kenny Drive”
Minneapolis Morning Tribune
November 5 1944; “Sister Kenny Returns From East as Big Drive Opens”
Minneapolis Star-Journal
November 15 1944; “Notables View D.C. Premiere of Kenny Film”
Washington Times-Herald
October 23 1944.

144.
Lois Maddox Miller “Sister Kenny Wins Her Fight”
Reader's Digest
(1942) 41: 27–28

145.
Miller “Sister Kenny Wins Her Fight,” 27–28; see also notes taken by Naomi Rogers during the viewing of
The Kenny Concept of Infantile Paralysis,
Wilson Collection; “Fighter Ray Robinson Supports Crusade on Infantile Paralysis”
New York Amsterdam News
January 23 1943; on Lulu Boswell see “Typovision”
Chicago Defender
November 7 1942. On a group of “colored and white” children at the Institute see “Sister Kenny's ‘Graduating Class' ”
Atlanta Daily World
January 6 1944; “No Color Line Here as Children Are Cured of Polio”
Afro-American
January 15 1944.

146.
“Progress Shown in Treatment On Infantile Paralysis In Tenn.”
Atlanta Daily World
August 13 1943.

147.
“Polio Patient”
Chicago Defender
September 30 1944; Dr U. G. Dailey “Until The Doctor Comes”
Chicago Defender
July 22 1944. See also “Sister Kenny's ‘Graduating Class' ”
Atlanta Daily World
January 6 1944.

148.
“Fighter Ray Robinson Supports Crusade on Infantile Paralysis”
New York Amsterdam
News
January 23 1943.

149.
Kenny with Ostenso
And They Shall Walk
, 25–28. She wrote that “the aborigines of Australia are not the insensate animals that many ethnologists would make them out to be! They may be dirty, they may be lazy, but they are capable of displaying a heroism on occasion that would put many a white man to shame.”

150.
“Polio Committee Advocates Report on Method”
Los Angeles Evening Herald
October 14 1943; “Skin As A Paralysis Clue”
New York Times
October 16 1943.

151.
“Sister Kenny Returns From East as Big Drive Opens”
Minneapolis Star-Journal
November 15 1944.

152.
“Negroes To Join In Kenny Drive”
Minneapolis Star-Journal
November 10 1944; “Twin City Observer Committee for Kenny Institute”
Twin City Observer
November 10 1944; [editorial] “The Kenny Campaign”
Twin City Observer
November 10 1944. See also “Gold That Buys Health, Can Never Be Ill-Spent: Give to the Kenny Campaign”
Twin City Observer
November 17 1944; “Rev. Moore to Head the Sister Kenny Drive in St. Paul”
Twin City Observer
November 24 1944; “Sister Kenny Drive Extended”
Twin City Observer
November 24 1944; “Many Organizations Respond To Kenny Drive for Funds: St. Paul ‘Kenny' Day Planned”
Twin City Observer
December 15 1944; “Elizabeth Kenny Mass Meeting At St. James Church”
Twin City Observer
December 22 1944. On the
Twin City Observer
as targeting “an older, more genteel readership” among African Americans and its “continued obsession with respectability” see Jennifer Delton “Labor, Politics, and African American Identity in Minneapolis, 1930–1950”
Minnesota History
(Winter 2001–2002) 57: 430.

153.
“Successful ‘Kenny' Mass Meeting Held at St. James Church in St. Paul”
Twin City Observer
December 29 1944.

154.
“National Kenny Campaign Ready”
Minneapolis Morning Tribune
November 12 1944; “Hundreds Aid Kenny Drive”
Minneapolis Star-Journal
November 20 1944; “Kenny Gifts Coming In”
Minneapolis Star-Journal
November 14 1944; “Kenny Drive Sports Gift Total $4,792”
Minneapolis Morning Tribune
November 29 1944; “Bowlers Back Sister Kenny”
Minneapolis Morning Tribune
November 21 1944; “Trade Dinner Will Boost Kenny Fund”
Minneapolis Star-Journal
November 1 1944.

155.
“Jury Lays Gambling in Kline's Lap”
Minneapolis Star-Journal
November 3 1944; “National Drive for Kenny Funds Will Open Here” [Minneapolis newspaper] November 10 1944, Minnesota Polio myelitis Research Committee, Box 2, UMN-ASC.

156.
“Liquor Dealers Aid Kenny Fund”
Minneapolis Morning Tribune
November 21 1944.

157.
Miller “Sister Kenny vs. The Medical Old Guard,” 38–43. The 5 were General Hospital, Wilmington, New York Orthopedic Dispensary and Hospital, Children's Hospital of Winnipeg, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine, and Willard Parker Hospital, New York.

158.
Miller “Sister Kenny vs. The Medical Old Guard,” 38–43.

159.
Deutsch “The Truth About Sister Kenny,” 610–615.

160.
Ibid.

161.
“Civic Leaders Vote Sister Kenny No. 1 Minnesotan of 1944”
Minneapolis Star-Journal
December 29 1944; “Audience of 7,100 Greets SJT [
Star-Journal and Morning Tribune
] Writers and Editors”
Minneapolis Morning Tribune
January 30 1945.

162.
“$350,000 Given in Kenny Fund Drive”
Minneapolis Sunday Tribune
March 25 1945.

163.
“O'Connor in Nationwide Broadcast, Opens 1945 Fund-Raising Appeal”
National Foundation News
(January 1945) 4: 9; National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis
The Miracle of Hickory
(New York: NFIP, 1945); Alice E. Sink
The Grit Behind the Miracle
(Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1998); C. Hughes “The Miracle of Hickory”
Coronet
(February 1945) 17: 3–7.

164.
“Report on Poliomyelitis Studies Made at Minneapolis General Hospital: Miland Knapp, John Moe, A. V. Stoesser, and J. S. Michael to Dear Doctor Harrington, October 12 1944”
Journal-Lancet
(January 1945) 65: 30–31.

165.
Kenny to Mr. President, Ladies and Gentleman, January 15 1945, Board of Directors, undated and 1944–1945, MHS-K; and see Kenny to Dear Dr. Harrington, February 19 1945, Dr. F. E. Harrington, 1943–1946, MHS-K.

166.
Kenny to Dear Mr. Moise, February 16 1945,
The American Weekly
, 1943–1945, MHS-K; John F. Pohl to Dear Mr. Kline, February 5 1945, [accessed in 1992 before recent re-cataloging], UMN-ASC.

167.
John F. Pohl “The Kenny Concept and Treatment of Infantile Paralysis: Report of Five Year Study of Cases Treated and Supervised by Miss Elizabeth Kenny in America”
Journal-Lancet
(August 1945) 65: 265–271. See also J. A. Myers “Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis) in Minnesota Including the Elizabeth Kenny Episode,” Box 19, Sister Kenny Institute 1938–1946, Myers Papers, UMN-ASC 38–40.

168.
DWG to SLJ [Memorandum] Notes on Questions Frequently Asked and Answers, January 2 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

169.
Don W. Gudakunst “It's a Fifty-Fifty Chance”
Parents Magazine
(July 1944) 19: 32, 48, 50; and see Don W. Gudakunst and Marion O. Lerrigo “Minimizing Fear of Infantile Paralysis”
Understanding the Child
(June 1944) 13: 22.

170.
Ephraim Fischoff and Don W. Gudakunst “The Fight Against Infantile Paralysis Continues”
American Journal of Nursing
(June 1944) 44: 533–546.

171.
Gudakunst to Dear Sir [Kline], February 5 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

172.
O'Connor [in] “Basil O'Connor Interview, Monday, Nov. 15 [19]44 10:05 to 10:15 KMOX The Voice of St. Louis,” Public Relations, MOD-K.

173.
Roosevelt to Dear Basil, December 1 1944, in “President's Birthday Fund”
Archives of Physical Therapy
(December 1944) 25: 743.

174.
Peter J. A. Cusack to Dear Sir [Kline], March 16 1945, Mr. Marvin L. Kline, 1942–1959, MHS-K. See also “Rejected by Trustees 3-15-45” Application No CE CTAE, Public Relations, MOD-K.

175.
PJAC to DWG Memorandum: Re Letter of January 7 1945, January 16 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

176.
“Sister Kenny to Leave U.S.”
Minneapolis Star-Journal
March 20 1945; Roland Nicholson “Parents of Ousted Child Tell How Sister Kenny Aided Boy”
Washington Times-Herald
March 28 1945.

177.
“Sister Kenny Delays Plans to Leave City”
Minneapolis Morning Tribune
March 21 1945.

178.
Elizabeth Kenny
Infantile Paralysis and Cerebral Diplegia: Methods Used for the Restoration of Function
(Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1937). See also her comment to Australia reporters that her first textbook would be for “all kinds of paralysis”; “Queensland Nurse's Generous Action! Sister Kenny's Treatment for Paralysis a Gift for the Sick Poor”
Australian Women's Weekly
February 23 1935.

179.
F. H. Mills “Treatment of Spastic Paralysis”
British Medical Journal
(August 25 1937) 2: 414–417; see also “The Treatment of Paralysis at the Elizabeth Kenny Clinic Royal North Shore Hospital of Sydney”
Medical Journal of Australia
(November 13 1937) 2: 888–894.