Polio Wars (68 page)

241.
Roy E. Naftzger to Dear Basil, August 22 1945, MOD-K.

242.
Robert G. McIntosh to Gentlemen [NFIP], November 26 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K. Harris was city editor of the
Cincinnati Times Star
.

243.
John McGovern [Minnesota state KF chair] to Dear Sister Kenny, March 6 1946, [accessed in 1992 before re-cataloging], UMN-ASC.

244.
Honorary County Chairman [Sister Elizabeth Kenny Foundation Infantile Paralysis Drive] to Dear Sir [form letter], December 4 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

245.
Thompson
Bing: The Authorized Biography
, 114; Fowles
Starstruck: Celebrity Performers and the American Public
, 146; Donald Shepherd and Robert F. Slatzer
Bing Crosby: The Hollow Man
(New York: St. Martin's, 1981), 188–192.

246.
Britton Budd to Dear Mr. O'Connor, September 20 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

247.
Abner E. Larned to Dear Mr. MacRae, August 22 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K; Frank E. McDonnell [Montana] to Mr. Stone Memorandum Re: Kenny, November 13 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

248.
Warren T. Kingsbury to Warren D. Coss Memorandum Re: Sister Kenny Campaign, December 4 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

249.
John B. Middleton to Mr. George H. La Porte Memorandum, November 29 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

250.
Robert H. MacRae to Dear Mr. Larned, August 19 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

251.
“Just Between Us”
National Foundation News
(March 1943) 2: 21 [“those polio kiddies in the Greer Garson Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer trailer”]; see also “O'Connor in Nationwide Broadcast, Opens 1945 Fund-Raising Appeal”
National Foundation News
(January 1945) 4: 9; “Movie Preview”
National Foundation News
(January 1945) 4: 10.

252.
Franklin D. Roosevelt to My Dear Mr. O'Donnell [Dallas] February 4 1943, FDR-P PF-4885, (1939–1945), Comm. Celeb. Pres. Birthday 1943, FDR Papers; Karl Hoblitzelle [Dallas] to Dear Jesse [Jones], January 19 1943, FDR-PPF-4885, (1939–1945), Comm. Celeb. Pres. Birthday 1943, FDR Papers.

253.
Mr. La Porte to Dr. Gudakunst Memorandum Re Sister Kenny Camp[aign], July 26 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

254.
Daniel W. De Hayas to Mr. D. Walker Wear Memorandum Re Sister Kenny Drive, October 12 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

255.
“Foundation Tells Of Aid to Sister Kenny Treatment”
Motion Picture Herald
November 10 1945.

256.
George La Porte to Dear Miss McGinn, January 4 1946, Public Relations, MOD-K; see also “S.F. Sets Tomorrow as Sister Kenny Fund Day”
San Francisco Examiner
December 7 1945.

257.
George La Porte to C. C. Gaule Memorandum Your memo of August 27th, August 28 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K; Dan Marovich to Dear Joe [Schenck], August 2 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

258.
[Bing Crosby to] Hulda McGinn [secretary of Board of Governors, California Theaters and Affiliated Industries, Inc.], November 21 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

259.
J. David Larson to D. Walker Wear Memorandum Re Kenny Fund Raising—Bing Crosby, August 13 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

260.
Dan Marovich to Dear Joe [Schenck], August 2 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

261.
“Crosby Names 60 Aides for Kenny Drive”
Baltimore American
October 14 1945.

262.
John B. Middleton to Mr. George H. La Porte Memorandum November 29 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

263.
John B. Middleton to Mr. George H. La Porte [Memorandum] Re: Kenny Drive, November 21 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K; A. Harry Moore to Dear Friend, November 21 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

264.
Arthur Potterton, the Jersey City chapter's treasurer and a “life-long friend” of Moore's, agreed to ask him if he knew that the Kenny drive “was being handled by a professional fund-raising concern” and to give him a confidential letter by Don Gudakunst; Major Nicholas Bernard to Public Relations Department Memorandum [Re: Kenny Campaign], October 18 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

265.
Major Nicholas Bernard to Public Relations Department Memorandum [Re: Kenny Campaign], October 18 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

266.
Charles K. Barton to My Dear Mr. [Grannell E.] Knox, November 24 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

267.
NFIP “Program” [script] January 18 1945, FDR-PPF-4885, Comm. Celeb. Pres. Birthday 1945, (1944–1945), FDR Papers.

268.
“Will Organize Polio Emergency Volunteers”
National Foundation News
(June 1945) 4: 29–30.

269.
John B. Middleton to Mr. George H. La Porte Memorandum, November 29 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K. Roebling said she had taken on the position out of “personal respect” for the former Governor Harry Moore who was actively campaigning for the KF.

270.
James P. Jennings to Dear Mr. [Walker] Wear, December 8 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

271.
R.W. Gregory to Dear Mr. Joyce, October 25 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K.

272.
Kenny “Results of Evidence Presented at the Medical Conference held in Minneapolis December 3rd to 6th [1945],” Public Relations, MOD-K; see also Kenny “I must thank you for your presence here today … ” [December 1945], Marvin L. Kline 1942–1959, MHS-K; Kenny to Dear Mr. President [Kline], December 13 1945, Marvin L. Kline 1942–1959, MHS-K.

273.
Kenny to My Dear Mr. O'Connor [form letter], January 18 1946, Public Relations, MOD-K.

274.
[List of participants] “Conference On Poliomyelitis, December 3, 4, & 5 1945, Minneapolis, Minnesota,” Record Group 29, vol. 201, file 311-P11-15, National Archive Centre, Ottawa; Savage to O'Connor Memorandum, January 19 1946, Public Relations, MOD-K. O'Connor referred to “Letter #1 by Gudakunst.”

275.
Kenny
Physical Medicine: The Science of Dermo-Neuro-Muscular Therapy as Applied to Infantile Paralysis
(Minneapolis: Bruce Publishing Company, 1946).

276.
D. Paul Reed to Dear Member, October 11 1946, Kenny Foundation Fund Drive 1946, MHS-K.

277.
[Report] California Intelligence Bureau, November 30 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K; D. Paul Reed to Dear Member, October 11 1946, Kenny Foundation Fund Drive 1946, MHS-K; see also George La Porte to Dear Doctor Robinson [Pittsburgh], November 26 1946, Public Relations, MOD-K.

278.
“Kate Smith Heads Kenny Fund Drive” [
Minneapolis Morning Tribune
] [July 1946] Scrapbook 1945–1952, Henry Papers, MHS-K; “Kate Smith to Head Polio Drive”
New York Times
August 8 1946. On Kate Smith as embodying “cardinal American virtues” see Robert K. Merton
Mass Persuasion: The Social Psychology of a War Bond Drive
(New York: Harper and Brothers, 1946), 76, 83.

279.
See Heather Green Wooten
The Polio Years in Texas: Battling a Terrifying Unknown
(College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2009), 92–93; David M. Oshinksy
Polio: An American Story
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 60.

280.
“Physical Therapy Scholarship News”
National Foundation News
4 (May 1945) 25–26; Gudakunst [Memorandum] Re: Kenny Institute, November 30 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K; Howard A. Rusk and Eugene J. Taylor
New Hope for the Handicapped: The Rehabilitation of the Disabled from Bed to Job
(New York: Harper & Brothers, 1946, 1949), 163–164; Roland H. Berg
The Challenge of Polio: The Crusade Against Infantile Paralysis
(New York: Dial Press, 1946), 156. Note also that two-thirds of the 24 illustrations of
Polio and its Problems
were devoted to images of patients working with physical therapists; Roland H. Berg
Polio and Its Problems
(Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1948), op. 84–op. 85.

281.
“Dear Mr.____” September 19 1946, Public Relations, MOD-K.

282.
“The Epidemic of 1946 (as of August 1, 1946) As detailed by Dr. Van Riper at Press Conference, 120 Bwy, NY 5, NY,” Public Relations, MOD-K.

283.
George La Porte to Dear Miss McGinn, January 4 1946, Public Relations, MOD-K.

284.
Joe Savage to Dear Jim [James Bryan], November 8 1946, Public Relations, MOD-K; see also PJAC to DG et al Memorandum March 20 1944, Public Relations, MOD-K.

285.
NFIP “In Daily Battle” [1947], MOD. By 1947 NFIP films included
When Polio Strikes, New Horizon, and Accent on Use.

286.
Oshinksy
Polio
, 86–89.

287.
Berg
The Challenge of Polio
, 159–164, 169–170.

288.
Anon. [review] “
The Challenge of Polio
, by Roland H. Berg”
New Republic
(September 23 1946) 115: 357.

289.
H. M. Weaver “Why Chapters Cannot Sponsor Research” [speech given at] Hotel Roosevelt, April 1–5 1946, Public Historical Organizations, MOD. See also Hart Van Riper to Dear Dr. Lewin, May 16 1946, Public Relations, Lewin Files, MOD; George La Porte to Dear Miss McGinn, January 4 1946, Public Relations, MOD-K;
The Chapter's Role in Serving Infantile Paralysis Patients
(New York: National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, publication #56, revised June 1948).

290.
Chester La Roche to Dear Mr. O'Connor, September 3 1946, Clara and Chester La Roche, 1945–1948, MHS-K.

291.
Francis P. L. Cronin to Dear Miss Keeler, January 20 1947, Public Relations, MOD-K.

292.
Allen W. Fincke to Dear Mr. O'Connor, September 15 1947, Public Relations, MOD-K.

293.
O'Connor to My dear Mr. Fincke, October 8 1947, Public Relations, MOD-K.

294.
O'Connor in “Basil O'Connor Interview Monday, Nov 15 [19]44 10:05 to 10:15 KMOX “The Voice of St. Louis,” Public Relations, MOD-K.

295.
Gudakunst quoted in Richard Carter
Breakthrough: The Saga of Jonas Salk
(New York: Trident Press, 1966), 26.

296.
Francis Reardon [chairman, Delaware Campaign Committee NFIP] to Dear Mr. Ward, January 22 1946, [enclosed in] Judson D. Ryon to Dear Sister Kenny, February 4 1946, Judson D. Ryon, MHS-K.

On medical populism see Kenny Ausubel
When Healing Becomes a Crime
(Rochester, VT: Healing Arts Press, 2000); Alan Brinkley
Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin, and the Great Depression
(New York: Knopf, 1982); David Cantor “Cancer, Quackery and the Vernacular Meaning of Hope in 1950s America”
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
(2006) 61: 324–368; Robert D. Johnston ed.
The Politics of Healing: Histories of Alternative Medicine in Twentieth-Century North America
(New York: Routledge, 2004); Robert D. Johnston
The Radical Middle Class: Populist Democracy and the Question of Capitalism in Progressive Era Portland, Oregon
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003); Eric S. Juhnke
Quacks and Crusaders: The Fabulous Careers of John Brinkley, Norman Baker, and Harry Hoxsey
(Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002); George Wolfskill and John A. Hudson
All But the People: Franklin D. Roosevelt and His Critics 1933–1939
(London: Macmillan, 1969).

On medicine, racism, and antisemitism see Gert H. Brieger “Getting Into Medical School in the Good Old Days: Good for Whom?”
Annals of Internal Medicine
(1993) 119: 1138–1143;
Edward C. Halperin “The Jewish Problem in Medical Education, 1920–1955”
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
(2001) 56: 140–167; Kenneth M. Ludmerer
Time to Heal: American Medical Education from the Turn of the Century to the Era of Managed Care
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1999); Dan A. Oren
Joining the Club: A History of Jews and Yale
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985).

On polio, medical care, and race see W. Michael Byrd and Linda A. Clayton
An American Health Dilemma, V. 2: Race, Medicine, and Health Care in the United States 1900–2000
(New York: Routledge, 2002); James P. Comer
Maggie's American Dream: The Life and Times of a Black Family
(New York: New American Library, 1988); Vanessa Northington Gamble
Making a Place for Ourselves: The Black Hospital Movement, 1920–1945
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1995); James H. Jones
Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment
(London: Free Press, 1981); Stephen E. Mawdsley “ ‘Dancing on Eggs': Charles H. Bynum, Racial Politics, and the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, 1938–1954”
Bulletin of the History of Medicine
(2010) 84: 217–247; Dorothy Roberts
Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty
(New York: Pantheon, 1997); Naomi Rogers “Race and the Politics of Polio: Warm Springs, Tuskegee and the March of Dimes”
American Journal of Public Health
(2007) 97: 2–13.

On Fishbein and medical politics see Edward D. Berkovitz and Wendy Wolff
Group Health Association: A Portrait of a Health Maintenance Organization
(Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1988); James G. Burrow
AMA: Voice of American Medicine
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1963); Frank D. Campion
The A.M.A. and U.S. Health Policy since 1940
(Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 1984); Jonathan Engel
Doctors and Reformers: Discussion and Debate over Health Policy 1925–1950
(Charleston: University of South Carolina Press, 2002): Elizabeth Fee and Theodore Brown eds.
Making Medical History: The Life and Times of Henry E. Sigerist
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997); Daniel S. Hirschfield
The Lost Reform: The Campaign for Compulsory Health Insurance in the United States from 1932 to 1943
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1970); Elton Rayack
Professional Power and American Medicine: The Economics of the American Medical Association
(Cleveland: World Publishing Co., 1967); Patricia Spain Ward “
United States versus American Medical Association et al.:
The Medical Anti-Trust Case of 1938–1943”
American Studies
(1989) 30: 123–153;.