Quirkology (39 page)

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Authors: Richard Wiseman

 
9
A. A. Hartman, R. C. Nicolay, and J. Hurley, “Unique Personal Names as a Social Adjustment Factor,”
Journal of Social Psychology
75 (1968): 107-110. Heldref Publications; quotation reproduced with permission.
 
10
H. Harari and J. W. McDavid, “Name Stereotypes and Teachers’ Expectations,”
Journal of Educational Psychology
65 (1973): 222-225.
 
11
W. F. Murphy, “A Note on the Significance of Names,”
Psychoanalytical Quarterly
26 (1957): 91-106.
 
12
N. Christenfeld, D. P. Phillips, and L. M. Glynn, “What’s in a Name: Mortality and the Power of Symbols,”
Journal of Psychosomatic Research
47, no. 3 (1999): 241-254.
 
13
G. Smith and S. Morrison, “Monogrammic Determinism?”
Psychosomatic Medicine
67 (2005): 820-824.
 
14
R. L. Zweigenhaft, “The Other Side of Unusual Names,”
Journal of Social Psychology
103 (1977): 291-302. Heldref Publications; quotation reproduced with permission.
 
15
B. W. Pelham, M. C. Mirenberg, and J. K. Jones, “Why Susie Sells Seashells By the Seashore: Implicit Egotism and Major Life Decisions,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
82 (2002): 469-487.
 
16
J. T. Jones et al., “How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the Js: Implicit Egotism and Interpersonal Attraction,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
87, no. 5 (2004): 655-683.
 
17
L. Casler, “Put the Blame on Name,”
Psychological Reports
36 (1975): 467-472.
 
18
J. A. Bargh, M. Chen, and L. Burrows, “Automaticity of Social Behavior: Direct Effects of Trait Construct and Stereotype Priming on Action,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
71 (1996): 230-244.
 
19
A. Dijksterhuis and A. van Knippenberg, “The Relation Between Perception and Behavior, or How to Win a Game of Trivial Pursuit,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
74, no. 4 (1998): 865-877.
 
20
N. Gueguen, “The Effects of a Joke on Tipping When It Is Delivered at the Same Time as the Bill,”
Journal of Applied Social Psychology
32 (2002): 1955-1963.
 
21
N. Gueguen and P. Legoherel, “Effect on Tipping of Barman Drawing a Sun on the Bottom of Customers’ Checks,”
Psychological Reports
87 (2000): 223-226; K. L. Tidd and J. S. Lockard, “Monetary Significance of the Affiliative Smile: A Case for Reciprocal Altruism,”
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society
11 (1978): 344-346; B. Rind and P. Bordia, “Effect of Server’s ‘Thank You’ and Personalization on Restaurant Tipping,”
Journal of Applied Social Psychology
25, no. 9 (1995): 745-751.
 
22
M. R. Cunningham, “Weather, Mood, and Helping Behavior: Quasi Experiments with the Sunshine Samaritan,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
37 (1979): 1947-1956; B. Rind and D. Strohmetz, “Effects of Beliefs About Future Weather Conditions on Tipping,”
Journal of Applied Social Psychology
31, no. 2 (2001): 2160-2164.
 
23
K. Garrity and D. Degelman, “Effect of Server Introduction on Restaurant Tipping,”
Journal of Applied Social Psychology
20 (1990): 168-172; K. M. Rodrigue, “Tipping Tips: The Effects of Personalization on Restaurant Gratuity” (master’s thesis, Division of Psychology and Special Education, Emporia State University, 1999).
 
24
A. H. Crusco and C. G Wetzel, “The Midas Touch: The Effects of Interpersonal Touch on Restaurant Tipping,”
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
10 (1984): 512-517.
 
25
C. S. Areni and D. Kim, “The Influence of Background Music on Shopping Behavior: Classical Versus Top-Forty Music in a Wine Store,”
Advances in Consumer Research
20 (1993): 336-340.
 
26
J. N. Rogers,
The Country Music Message
(Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1989).
 
27
S. Stack and J. Gundlach, “The Effect of Country Music on Suicide,”
Social Forces
71, no. 1 (1992): 211-218.
 
28
This controversial finding has been discussed in the following papers: E. R. Maguire and J. B. Snipes, “Reassessing the Link Between Country Music and Suicide,”
Social Forces
72, no. 4 (1994): 1239-1243; S. Stack and J. Gundlach, “Country Music and Suicide: A Reply to Maguire and Snipes,”
Social Forces
72, no. 4 (1994): 1245-1248; G. W. Mauk et al., “Comments on Stack and Gundlach’s ‘The Effect of Country Music on Suicide’: An ‘Achy Breaky Heart’ May Not Kill You,”
Social Forces
72, no. 4 (1994): 1249-1255; S. Stack and J. Gundlach, “Psychological Versus Sociological Perspectives on Suicide: A Reply to Mauk, Taylor, White, and Allen,”
Social Forces
72, no. 4 (1994): 1257-1261; J. B. Snipes and E. R. Maguire, “Country Music, Suicide, and Spuriousness,”
Social Forces
74, no.1 (1995): 327-329; S. Stack and J. Gundlach, “Country Music and Suicide—Individual, Indirect, and Interaction Effects: A Reply to Snipes and Maguire,”
Social Forces
74, no. 1 (1995): 331-335.
 
29
D. P. Phillips, “The Influence of Suggestion on Suicide: Substantive and Theoretical Implications of the Werther Effect,”
American Sociological Review
39 (1974): 340-354; D. P. Phillips, “Motor Vehicle Fatalities Increase Just After a Publicized Suicide Story,”
Science
196 (1977): 1464-1465; D. P. Phillips, “Airplane Accident Fatalities Increase Just After Newspaper Stories About Murder and Suicide,”
Science
201 (1978): 748-750; D. P. Phillips, “Suicide, Motor Vehicle Fatalities, and the Mass Media: Evidence Towards a Theory of Suggestion,”
American Journal of Sociology
84 (1979): 1150-1174; D. P. Phillips, “Airplane Accidents, Murder, and the Mass Media: Towards a Theory of Imitation and Suggestion,”
Social Forces
58, no. 4 (1980): 1000-1024; D. P. Phillips, “The Impact of Fictional Television Stories on U.S. Adult Fatalities: New Evidence on the Effect of the Mass Media on Violence,”
American Journal of Sociology
87, no. 6 (1982): 1340-1359; D. P. Phillips, “The Impact of Mass Media Violence on U.S. Homicides,”
American Sociological Review
48 (1983): 560-568.
 
30
S. Stack, “Media Coverage as a Risk Factor in Suicide,”
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
57 (2003): 238-240.
 
31
L. F. Martel and H. B. Biller,
Stature and Stigma
(Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1987).
 
32
B. Pawlowski, R. I. Dunbar, and A. Lipowicz, “Tall Men Have More Reproductive Success,”
Nature
403, no. 6766 (2000): 156.
 
33
T. Gregor,
The Mehinaku: The Dream of Daily Life in a Brazilian Indian Village
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977).
 
34
T. A. Judge and D. M. Cable, “Effect of Physical Height on Workplace Success and Income: Preliminary Test of a Theoretical Model,”
Journal of Applied Psychology
89, no. 3 (2004): 428-441.
 
35
P. R. Wilson, “Perceptual Distortion of Height as a Function of Ascribed Academic Status,”
Journal of Social Psychology
74 (1968): 97-102.
 
36
H. H. Kassarjian, “Voting Intentions and Political Perception,”
Journal of Psychology
56 (1963): 85-88.
 
37
P. A. Higham and W. D. Carment, “The Rise and Fall of Politicians: The Judged Heights of Broadbent, Mulroney and Turner Before and After the 1988 Canadian Federal Election,”
Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science
24 (1992): 404-409.
 
38
R. Highfield, “Politicians: This Is How We See Them,”
Daily Telegraph
(London), March 21, 2001, 22-23; R. Wiseman, “A Short History of Stature,”
Daily Telegraph
(London), March 21, 2001, 22.
 
39
R. J. Pellegrini, “Impressions of the Male Personality as a Function of Beardedness,”
Psychology
10 (1973): 29-33.
 
40
A. Todorov et al., “Inferences of Competence from Faces Predict Election Outcomes,”
Science
308 (2005): 1623-1626.
 
41
J. E. Stewart II, “Defendants’ Attractiveness as a Factor in the Outcome of Trials,”
Journal of Applied Social Psychology
10 (1980): 348-361.
 
42
R. B. Cialdini,
Influence: Science and Practice
(Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon, 2001).
 
43
S. M. Smith, W. D. McIntosh, and D. G. Bazzini, “Are the Beautiful Good in Hollywood? An Analysis of Stereotypes on Film,”
Basic and Applied Social Psychology
21 (1999): 69-81.
 
44
D. G. Dutton and A. P. Aron, “Some Evidence for Heightened Sexual Attraction Under Conditions of High Anxiety,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
30 (1974): 510-517.
 
45
C. Bale, R. Morrison, and P. G. Caryl, “Chat Up Lines as Male Sexual Displays,”
Personality and Individual Differences
40 (2006): 655-664.
 
46
B. Fraley and A. Aron, “The Effect of a Shared Humorous Experience on Closeness in Initial Encounters,”
Personal Relationships
11 (2004): 61-78.
 
47
J. E. Smith and V. A. Waldorf, “Single White Male Looking for Thin, Very Attractive . . . ,”
Sex Roles
23 (1990): 675-685.
 
CHAPTER 5
1
H. R. Pollio and J. W. Edgerly, “Comedians and Comic Style,” in
Humor and Laughter: Theory, Research, and Applications,
ed. A. J. Chapman and H. C. Foot, 215-244 (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1996).
 
2
C. Davies, “Jewish Jokes, Anti-Semitic Jokes and Hebredonian Jokes,” in
Jewish Humour,
ed. A. Ziv, 59-80 (Tel Aviv: Papyrus Publishing House, 1986).
 
3
H. A. Wolff, C. E. Smith, and H. A. Murray, “The Psychology of Humor: 1. A Study of Responses to Race-Disparagement Jokes,”
Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology
28 (1934): 345-365.
 
4
J. Morreall,
Taking Laughter Seriously
(Albany: State University of New York Press, 1983).
 
5
G. R. Maio, J. M. Olson, and J. Bush, “Telling Jokes That Disparage Social Groups: Effects on the Joke Teller’s Stereotypes,”
Journal of Applied and Social Psychology
27, no. 22 (1997): 1986-2000.
 
6
B. Seibt and J. Förster, “Risky and Careful Processing Under Stereotype Threat: How Regulatory Focus Can Enhance and Deteriorate Performance When Self Stereotypes Are Active,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
87 (2004): 38-56.
 
7
R. Provine,
Laughter: A Scientific Investigation
(New York: Viking, 2000).
 
8
M. Middleton and J. Moland, “Humor in Negro and White Subcultures: A Study of Jokes Among University Students,”
American Sociological Review
24 (1959): 61-69.
 
9
P. J. Castell and J. H. Goldstein, “Social Occasions of Joking: A Cross Cultural Study,” in
It’s a Funny Thing, Humour,
ed. A. J. Chapman and H. C. Foot, 193-197 (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1976).
 
10
J. B. Levine, “The Feminine Routine,”
Journal of Communication
26 (1976): 173-175.
 
11
L. La Fave, J. Haddad, and W. A. Maesen, “Superiority, Enhanced Self-Esteem, and Perceived Incongruity Humour Theory,” in Chapman and Foot,
Humor and Laughter,
63-91. Copyright 1996 by Transaction Publishers. Reprinted with permission of the publisher.
 
12
Sir Harry Kroto originally presented us with a version of the joke in broad Glaswegian. As we knew that the material in LaughLab would be read by people throughout the world, we created a version that would allow a much larger number of people to appreciate the joke. Sir Harry Kroto’s original entry, which he much prefers, is reproduced here:
A guy is walking along the road in Glasgow and sees a man with a humungous great dog on the other side of the street.
 
He goes over and says, “Hey, Jimmy, dis yer dawg byte?”
 
The man says, “Nu.”
So the guy pats the dog on the head, whereupon the dog snaps, and bites off a couple of fingers. “Grrrrwrwrwrwrrfraarrrrrrrrrgggggggklle . . . umph.”
The guy screams, “Aaaghgee” as blood streams from his hand, and shouts, “A tawt yer said yer dawg dusna byte.”
The man says quietly with a look of calm diffidence, “Sna ma dawg.”
 

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