Secondary Schizophrenia (30 page)

2005.
26
:374–88.

unmedicated schizophrenic

33
:1004–12.

119. Winder R., Cortes C. R., Reggia J.

patients: topographical study of

110. Garrity A. G., Pearslon G. D.,

A.,
et al.
Functional connectivity
predominantly never medicated

McKiernan K.,
et al.
Aberrant

in fMRI: A modeling approach for

cases. Biol Psychiatry, 1992.

“default mode” functional

estimation and for relating to

32
:1028–34.

connectivity in schizophrenia. Am

local circuits. Neuroimage, 2007.

128. Wada Y., Nanbu Y., Kikuchi M., et

J Psychiatry, 2007.
164
:450–7.

34
:1093–107.

al. Aberrant functional

111. Liang M., Zhou Y., Jiang T.,
et al.

120. Gur R. E., Turetsky B. I.,

organization in schizophrenia:

Widespread functional

Loughead J.,
et al.
Visual attention
analysis of EEG coherence during

disconnectivity in schizophrenia

circuitry in schizophrenia

rest and photic stimulation in

with resting-state functional

investigated with oddball

drug-na¨ıve patients.

magnetic resonance imaging.

event-related functional magnetic

Neuropsychobiology, 1998.

Neuroreport, 2006.
17
:209–13.

resonance imaging. Am J

38
:63–9.

112. Wolf D. H., Gur R. C., Valdez J.

Psychiatry, 2007.
164
:442–9.

129. Kawasaki Y., Sumiyoshi T.,

N.,
et al.
Alterations of

121. Lee K. H., Williams L. M.,

Higuchi Y.,
et al.
Voxel-based

frontotemporal connectivity

Breakspear M.,
et al.
Synchronous
analysis of P300

during word encoding in

gamma activity: a review and

electrophysiological topography

schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res,

contribution to an integrative

associated with positive and

72

2007.
154
:221–32.

neuroscience model of

negative symptoms of

Chapter 5 – Functional neuroimaging in schizophrenia

schizophrenia. Schizophr Res,

schizophrenia: an EEG study. Int J

schizophrenia. Neuroscientist,

2007.
94
:164–71.

Neurosci, 2001.
106
:47–61.

2008.
14
:19–45.

130. Mientus S., Gallinat J., Wuebben

139. Feinberg I., Guazzelli M.

148. Winterer G., Coppola R., Egan M.

Y.,
et al.
Cortical hypoactivation
Schizophrenia – a disorder of the

F.,
et al.
Functional and effective
during resting EEG in

corollary discharge systems that

frontotemporal connectivity and

schizophrenics but not in

integrate the motor systems of

genetic risk for schizophrenia.

depressives and schizotypal

thought with the sensory systems

Biol Psychiatry, 2003.

subjects as revealed by low

of consciousness. Br J Psychiatry,

54
:1181–92.

resolution electromagnetic

1999.
174
:196–204.

149. Strelets V. B., Garakh Z. H. V.,

tomography (LORETA).

140. Ford J. M., Roach B. J., Faustman

Novototskii-Vlasov V. Y.,
et al.

Psychiatry Res, 2002.
116
:
W. O.,
et al.
Out-of-synch and

Relationship between EEG power

95–111.

out-of-sorts: dysfunction of

and rhythm synchronization in

131. Pae J. S., Kwon J. S., Youn T.,
et al.

motor-sensory communication in

health and cognitive pathology.

LORETA imaging of P300 in

schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry,

Neurosci Behav Physiol, 2006.

schizophrenia with individual

2008.
63
:736–43.

36
:655–62.

MRI and 128-channel EEG.

150. Slezin V. B., Korsakova E. A.,

Neuroimage, 2003.
20
:1552–60.

141. Whitford T. J., Farrow T. F.,

Rennie C. J.,
et al.
Neuroreport,
Dytjatkovsky M. A.,
et al.

132. Winterer G., Mulert C., Mientus

2007.
18
:435–9.

Multifractal analysis as an aid in

S.,
et al.
Brain Topogr, 2001.

the diagnostics of mental

13
:299–313.

142. Gruzelier J. Functional

disorders. Nord J Psychiatry, 2007.

neuropsychological asymmetry in

133. Koenig T., Lehmann D., Merlo M.

61
:339–42.

schizophrenia: a review and

C.,
et al.
A deviant EEG brain

reorientation. Schizophr Bull,

151. Jalili M., Lavoie S., Deppen P., et
microstate in acute,

1999.
25
:91–120.

al. Disconnection topography in

neuroleptic-na¨ıve schizophrenics

schizophrenia revealed with

at rest. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin

143. Lee K. H., Williams L. M., Haig A.

state-space analysis of EEG. PLoS

Neurosci, 1999.
249
:205–11.

R.,
et al.
Gamma (40 Hz) phase

ONE, 2007.
2
:e1059.

134. Strelets V. B., Farber P. L.,

synchronicity and symptom

152. Tien A. Y., Eaton W. W.,

Golikova J. V.,
et al.
Chronic

dimensions in schizophrenia.

Schlaepfer T. E.,
et al.
Exploratory
schizophrenics with positive

Cogn Neuropsychiatry, 2001.

factor analysis of MRI brain

symptomatology have shortened

6
:7–20.

structure measures in

EEG microstate durations. Clin

144. Baldeweg T., Spence S., Hirsch S.

schizophrenia. Schizophr Res,

Neurophysiol, 2003.
114
:2043–51.

R.,
et al.
Gamma-band

1996.
19
:93–101.

135. Sakkalis V., Oikonomou T.,

electroencephalographic

153. Woodruff, P. W., Wright I. C.,

Pachou E.,
et al.
Time-significant
oscillations in a patient with

Shuriquie N.,
et al.
Structural

wavelet coherence for the

somatic hallucinations. Lancet,

brain abnormalities in male

evaluation of schizophrenic brain

1998.
352
:620–1.

schizophrenics reflect

activity using a graph theory

145. Saito N., Kuginuki T., Yagyu T.,

frontotemporal dissociation.

approach. Conf Poc IEEE Eng Med

et al.
Global, regional, and local
Psychol Med, 1997.

Biol Soc, 2006.
1
:4265–8.

measures of complexity of

2
:1257–66.

136. Breakspear M., Terry J. R., Friston
multichannel electroencephalo-

154. Mitelman S. A., Brickman A. M.,

K. J.,
et al.
A disturbance of

graphy in acute, neuroleptic-

Shihabuddin L.,
et al.
Correlations
nonlinear interdependence in

na¨ıve, first-break schizophrenics.

between MRI-assessed volumes of

scalp EEG of subjects with first

Biol Psychiatry, 1998.
43
:
the thalamus and cortical

episode schizophrenia.

794–802.

Brodmann’s areas in

Neuroimage, 2003.
20
:466–78.

146. Yeragani V. K., Cashmere D.,

schizophrenia. Schizophr Res,

137. Ford J. M., Mathalon D. H.

Miewald J.,
et al.
Decreased

2005.
75
:265–81.

Electrophysiological evidence of

coherence in higher frequency

155. Mitelman S. A. Byne W.,

corollary discharge dysfunction in

ranges (beta and gamma) between

Kemether E. M.,
et al.

schizophrenia during talking and

central and frontal EEG in

Correlations between volumes of

thinking. J Psychiatr Res, 2004.

patients with schizophrenia: a

the pulvinar, centromedian, and

38
:37–46.

preliminary report. Psychiatr Res,

mediodorsal nuclei and cortical

138. Peled A., Geva A. B., Kremen W.

2006.
141
:53–60.

Brodmann’s areas in

S.,
et al.
Functional connectivity
147. Begré S., Koenig T. Cerebral

schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett,

73

and working memory in

disconnectivity: an early event in

2006a.
392
:16–21.

The Neurology of Schizophrenia – Section 2

156. Kircher T. T. J., Thienel R.

Psychiatry Res, 2007.
156
:
negative emotion distinguish

Functional brain imaging of

269–73.

schizophrenia subtypes.

symptoms and cognition in

165. Kircher T. T. J., Liddle P. F.,

Psychiatry Res, 2007.
155
:
schizophrenia. Progress Brain Res,

Brammer M. J.,
et al.
Neural

29–44.

2005.
150
:299–308.

correlates of format thought

174. Buchsbaum M. S., Nenadic I.,

157. Dierks T., Linden D. E., Jandl M.,

disorder in schizophrenia. Arch

Hazlett E. A.,
et al.
Differential
et al.
Activation of Heschl’s gyrus
Gen Psychiatry, 2001.
58
:
metabolic rates in prefrontal and

during auditory hallucinations.

769–74.

temporal Brodmann areas in

Neuron, 1999.
22
:615–21.

166. McGuire P. K., Quested D. J.,

schizophrenia and schizotypal

158. Jardri R., Pins D., Delmaire C., et
Spence S. A.,
et al.

personality disorder. Schizophr

al. Activation of bilateral auditory

Pathophysiology of ‘positive’

Res, 2002.
54
:141–50.

cortex during verbal

thought disorder in

175. Tu P. C., Yang T. H., Kuo W. J.,

hallucinations in a child with

schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry,

et al.
Neural correlates of

schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry,

1998.
173
:231–5.

antisaccade deficits in

2007.
12
:319.

167. Weinstein S., Werker J. F.,

schizophrenia, an fMRI study. J

159. Shergill S. S., Brammer M. J.,

Vouloumanos A.,
et al.
Do you

Psychiatr Res, 2006.
40
:
Williams S. C.,
et al.
Mapping

hear what I hear? Neural

606–12.

auditory hallucinations in

correlates of thought disorder

176. Buchsbaum M. S., Christian B. T.,

schizophrenia using functional

during listening to speech in

Lehrer D. S.,
et al.
D2/D3

magnetic resonance imaging.

schizophrenia. Schizophr Res,

dopamine receptor binding with

Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2000.
57
:
2006.
86
:130–7.

[F-18]fallypride in thalamus and

1033–8.

168. Lahti A. C., Weiler M. A.,

cortex of patients with

160. Silbersweig D. A., Stern E., Frith

Holcomb H. H.,
et al.
Correlations
schizophrenia. Schizophr Res,

C.,
et al.
A functional

between rCBF and symptoms in

2006.
85
:232–44.

neuroanatomy of hallucinations

two independent cohorts of

177. Tavlik M., Nordström A. L.,

in schizophrenia. Nature, 1995.

drug-free patients with

Olsson H.,
et al.
Decreased