Social Democratic America (39 page)

allotted to insurance,
5

as a measure comparing economic growth in many nations,
85
,
85
fig. 4.7
,
87
,
88
fig. 4.8
, s

change in,
64
fig. 3.5

compared to family income,
35
,
36
fig. 2.5
,
63
,
69

government revenues in Denmark and Sweden,
84
fig. 4.6

per capita in Sweden,
91
fig. 4.10

per capita in U.S.,
91
fig. 4.10
,
94

percent of, as government expenditures,
10
,
11
fig. 1.1
,
72
,
73
,
76
,
93
fig. 4.11
,
99
fig. 4.12
,
103
fig. 4.14
,
106
fig. 4.16
,
107
,
108
fig. 4.17
,
123
fig. 4.20
,
124
,
125
fig. 4.21
,
158
,
178

taxes as a share of,
74
,
76
,
77
fig. 4.3
,
78
,
79
,
81
,
82
,
83
fig. 4.5
,
109
,
158
,
178
,
179

Hacker, Jacob,
26
,
165

The Great Risk Shift
,
18

Hall, Peter,
86
,
87

Head Start.
See
education, early

Health Saving Account (HSA),
125

Heritage Foundation,
102

Hibbs, Douglas,
160

High Wire
, (Gosselin),
18

Hirschl, Thomas,
21

Hirschman, Albert,
156
,
157

immigrants

increase in,
41

immunization, for children,
167

income

and asset building,
146
–
147

decline of,
24
–
27
,
27
fig. 2.2
,
49
–
56

distribution, of
31
–
32
,
39
fig. 2.7

varying views of,
37
–
46
,
46
–
48
.

grant as,
144
–
146

growth of,
35
–
37
,
36
fig. 2.5
,
37
fig. 2.6
,
64
fig. 3.5
,
65
fig. 3/6

and presidential election outcomes,
161

due to second earner,
46
–
47

ensuring,
63
–
70

household market income compared to posttransfer-posttax income,
168
fig. 5.6

low,
20
–
24
,
23
fig. 2.1
,
52
,
55
fig. 3.2

sources of,
63

See also
wages

Independent Payment Advisory Board for Medicare,
70

Individual Retirement Account (IRA),
24
,
125

Inglehart, Ronald,
160

insurance

affirmative action programs as,
6

auto,
5

health
2
,
3
,
20
,
28
,
29
fig. 2.3
,
49
–
50
,
51
fig. 3.1

portable,
24
,
130

universal,
49
–
50
,
70
,
92

house,
5

marriage as,
5

medical,
7

private,
19

public programs for,
5
,
6
–
7

sickness,
50
,
70

unemployment,
5
,
7
,
17
,
51
,
52
,
70
,
130
,
166

wage,
52
,
69
,
70
,
92
,
130
,
167

interest groups, strength of,
166
fig. 5.5

Internal Revenue Service (IRS),
19

Ireland

economic growth in,
95

government revenues and employment hours in,
99
fig. 4.12

government spending in,
92

Isaacson, Walter,
45

Italy,
119
,
121

employment in,
99
fig. 4.12

government revenues and employment hours in,
99
fig. 4.12

Jacobs, Elisabeth,
26
,
155

Jacobs, Lawrence,
153

Japan

economic growth in,
95

government revenues and employment hours in,
99
fig. 4.12

Jencks, Christopher,
58

job-placement programs,
5

jobs

outsourcing of,
68

professional,
69

retraining for new,
5
,
70
,
92
,
167

Johnson, Lyndon B.,
155

Judis, John,
The Emerging Democratic Majority
,
160

Kalil, Ariel,
62

Kefalas, Maria,
117

labor unions,
3
,
4
,
13

Ladaique, Maxime,
124

leave, parental,
51
,
70

See also
Family and Medical Leave Act

Lewin Group,
29

liberal market economies,
87

liberty, big government and,
101
–
104

Lipset, Seymour Martin Low-Income Energy Assistance,
167

Luxembourg Income Study (LIS),
126

MacKuen, Michael,
154

Mann, Thomas,
171

manufacturing employment,
131
fig. 4.22

material hardship,
54
–
55
,
55
fig. 3.2

McLanahan, Sara,
112

Medicaid,
17
,
20
,
37
,
50
,
122
,
166

Medicare,
5
,
10
,
17
,
20
,
37
,
50
,
73
,
153
,
167

Micklethwait, John (
The Right Nation)
,
151

minimum wage.
See
wages, minimum

Mira d'Ercole, Marco,
54
,
55

Murray, Charles,
118
,
144
,
174

Nation of Takers, A
(Eberstadt),
110

National Election Study (NES),
152

Netherlands,
119

economic growth in,
95

employment in,
99
fig. 4.12

government revenues and employment hours in,
99
fig. 4.12

New Zealand,
119

employment in,
98

government revenues and employment hours in,
99
fig. 4.12

government spending in,
92

Newman, Katherine,
155

No Child Left Behind,
60

Norquist, Grover

“taxpayer protection” pledge,
175

Norway,
119
,
121

family-friendly programs,
138

government revenues and economic growth in,
89

government revenues and employment hours in,
99
fig. 4.12

higher education in,
58

low income in,
55

Obama, Barack,
31
,
172

opportunity

inadequate,
30
,
32
,
33
–
35

inequality of,
56
–
62
,
56
fig. 3.3

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD),
54
,
124
,
126

Ornstein, Norman,
171

Osterman, Paul,
Securing Prosperity
,
18

Page, Benjamin,
153

“Effects of Public Opinion on Policy”,
154

Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID),
21
,
25
,
26
,
31

pensions, private,
24
,
54
,
70
,
179

Perry, Rick,
174

Pew Research Center,
152
,
153

Pierson, Paul,
156
,
165

politics, effect on social policy,
170

Ponnuru, Ramesh,
174

Pontusson, Jonas,
137

Portugal, government revenues and employment hours in,
99
fig. 4.12

postmaterialism,
150

profit sharing,
132
–
133

Putnam, Robert,
118

quality of life,
42
–
43

Rank, Mark,
21

Reagan, Ronald,
153
,
156
,
165

Reardon, Sean,
33

Reich, Robert,
3

Republican party,
157
–
158
,
163

and the Tea Party,
175

campaign expenditures,
162
fig. 5.3

development of,
170
–
175

fundraising,
165

moderation of,
173
–
175

voting by,
172
fig. 5.7

retirement, people in,
41

Right Nation, The
(Micklethwait and Woolridge),
151

Robinson, James,
87
,
89
,
90
,
91

Rockefeller Foundation,
18

Rogers, Joel,
165

Romney, Mitt,
110
,
174

Roosevelt, Theodore,
155

Rose, Steven,
25

Salam, Reihan,
174

Sandefur, Gary,
112

Santorum, Rick,
174

savings,
4
–
5
,
24

Scandinavia

social programs in,
9

Schattschneider, E. E.,
165

schools

and children from less advantaged families,
56
–
57
public,
5

See also
education

Securing Prosperity
, (Osterman),
18

security, economic,
17
–
19
,
49
–
56
,
70
–
71

Sen, Amartya,
30

Senate, U.S., filibuster in,
173
fig. 5.8

services, public,
141
–
144

private provision of,
127
–
130

Shapiro, Robert Y., “Effects of Public Opinion on Policy”,
154

Skocpol, Theda,
118

social democratic countries

government revenues and employment hours in,
99
fig. 4.12

social institutions,
3
–
4

social policy

American,
12
–
15
,
79
–
80
,
80
Fig. 4.4
,
110
–
111
,
149
–
180

future of,
177
–
180

and political shifts,
13
,
14
,
170

and public support,
154
–
156

complex,
108
–
109

policy persistence and,
13

problem solving and,
13

Social Security

as a program that works well,
10
,
22
–
23
,
54
,
109

as an entitlement,
110

cap on earnings subject to tax on,
79

disability benefits,
5

increasing,
73

opinions on spending for,
152

restructuring,
122
,
168

Soskice, David,
86
,
87

Spain, government revenues and employment hours in,
99
fig. 4.12

special education,
5

stagflation,
93

student loan funding,
167

Stimson, James,
154

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP),
6

Supplemental Security Income (SSI),
17

Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF),
42

Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP),
25
,
26

Sweden,
119
,
121
,
124
–
127

benefits following childbirth in,
60
,
116

early childhood programs in,
100
,
16

employment programs in,
100
,
138

family-friendly programs in,
138
,

government revenues and economic growth in,
83
,
84
fig. 4.6
,
85
,
89
,
90
fig. 4.9
,
95

government revenues and employment hours in,
99
fig. 4.12

GDP per capita,
91
fig. 4.10