Social Democratic America (40 page)

higher education in,
58

household income in,
63

innovation in,
92

low income in,
55

Rehn-Meidner model,
139

school choice in,
59

social expenditures and living standards in,
125
fig. 4.21

unions in,
132

Switzerland

employment in,
98

government revenues and employment hours in,
99
fig. 4.12

taxes

and increased lobbying by interest groups,
107

and receipt of public goods,
80
fig. 4.4

as share of GDP,
74

boosting household income,
168
fig. 5.6
.

carbon,
78

”clawbacks”,
125

deduction removed for mortgage interest,
78

effective rate of,
75

in Nordic countries,
147

increasing

and reducing incentive to work harder,
81
,
98
,
99

by
10
percent of GDP,
77
fig. 4.3

on top earners,
92

national consumption,
92

on financial transactions,
78

on top
5
percent of incomes in U.S.,
76
fig. 4.2
,
78

payroll,
100
,
178

progressive,
74
–
75
,
79

proportional,
74
–
75

regressive,
74
–
75

sales,
110

Social Security payroll,
78
–
79

value-added tax (VAT),
77
–
78

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF),
6
,
17
,
20
,
52
–
53
,
135
,
153

See also
AFDC

Teixeira, Ruy,
The Emerging Democratic Majority
,
160

Thatcher, Margaret,
156

Third Way orientation,
94

Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, The
(Esping-Andersen),
119

Tocqueville, Alexis de,
118

Twenty-first Century Community Learning Centers program,
167

Uchitelle, Louis,
The Disposable American
,
18

unemployment compensation.
See
insurance, unemployment

unions, labor

decline of,
34
,
132
,
133

in Europe,
99
,
100
,
133

weak,
101
fig. 4.13

United Kingdom

government revenues and employment hours in,
99
fig. 4.12

government spending in,
92

liberal market economy in,
86

United States

private safety net in,
124
–
127
,
127
–
129

social expenditures and living standards in,
125
fig. 4.21

Van Parijs, Philippe,
144
–
145

varieties of capitalism approach,
86

Verdier, Thierry,
87
,
89
,
90
,
91

Veteran's Administration,
50

wages

higher,
134
–
138
,
135
fig, 4.24

hourly,
66
fig. 3.7

low,
138
–
141

minimum,
17
,
52
,
69
,
70

decline of,
66

See also
income

Wall Street Journal
,
102

wealth, increase in,
42

welfare,
154

Weyrich, Paul,
171

What's the Matter with Kansas?
(Frank),
160

Wider Opportunities for Women,
22

Winship, Scott,
25
,
26

Wolff, Edward,
21

Woolridge, Adrian
(The Right Nation)
,
151

World Bank, government effectiveness measure,
107

World Economic Forum,
105

Global Competitiveness Index,
92

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)-Insead Global Innovation Index,
92

Zingales, Luigi,
105
,
106

Ziol-Guest, Kathleen,
62