Love Sick: One Woman’s Journey Through Sexual Addiction
(Silverman),
130
LST (Life Skills Training),
183
Lukas, Scott,
150
Lundahl, Leslie,
25
lungs, damage from smoking,
142
Madras, Bertha,
9
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
12
,
87
marijuana
adolescent usage of,
164
as drug class,
4
harmful effects of,
143-144
Marinol,
143
MDMA, harmful effects of,
150-151
Meaney, Michael,
119
medial forebrain bundle,
32
medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC),
75
medical marijuana,
144
medications
drugs versus,
5
risk to benefit ratio,
201
RTI-336,
195-196
in treatment plans,
175
,
179-183
usefulness of drug abuse studies for,
10
men, differences from women in drug addiction,
159-164
mental health disorders
managing in treatment plans,
175
vulnerability to drug use and,
106-107
mesocortical DA system,
75
mesolimbic dopamine system
diagram of,
75
survival functions of,
79-80
metabolic disease, drug addiction as,
182-183
methamphetamine
alternate names for,
4
effect on society,
59
harmful effects of,
146-148
withdrawal symptoms,
62
Meyer, Jerry,
147
Milner, Peter,
30
Molecules of Emotion
,
96
moral effects of drug addiction, physical effects versus,
27
Morgan, D.,
122
morphine
antibodies against,
192
effect on receptors in brain,
51-52
harmful effects of,
149
motor cortex,
10
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging),
12
,
87
mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid),
64
Murphy, Ann Z.,
161
muscarinic receptors,
143
mutations in genes, tracking,
101
myelin sheath,
40
NAcc (nucleus accumbens),
75
,
77
,
129
,
141
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA),
184
nature, drug use by animals in,
19-20
need for treatment, realizing,
177
nerve cells, structure of,
39-41
nerve terminals,
39-40
Nestler, Eric,
65
neurons, structure of,
39-41
neuroplasticity.
See
plasticity of brain
neurotransmission
alcohol and,
140
benzodiazepines and,
149
caffeine and,
152
club drugs and,
150
cocaine and,
146
future of research on,
191
marijuana and,
143
methamphetamine and,
148
nicotine and,
142
opiates and,
150
PCP and,
152
neurotransmitters
action of,
40
binding to receptors,
43-45
defined,
41
dopamine research,
56-57
in pleasure centers,
32
removing from receptors,
46-47
synthesis of,
41-42
variety of,
42-43
nicotine
as drug class,
4
effect on acetylcholine,
81
gender differences in effects,
160
genetic suseptibility to addiction,
104-105
harmful effects of,
141-143
medications for treating addiction to,
180
nicotinic receptors,
104-105
,
141-143
NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse),
184
nigrostriatal DA system,
75
nonregular rewards, addiction and,
20-21
norepinephrine,
148
nucleus accumbens (NAcc),
75
,
77
,
129
,
141
Nyswander, Marie,
182
O’Brien, Charles,
79
Office of National Control Drug Policy (ONDCP) website,
5
Olds, James,
30
olfactory cortex,
10
opiates
as drug class,
4
effect on receptors in brain,
51
harmful effects of,
149-150
legitimate use of,
5
medications for treating addiction to,
180
oral ingestion of drugs,
53
overeating,
130-132
oxycontin, harmful effects of,
149
pathological gambling.
See
gambling addiction
PCP, harmful effects of,
151-152
peptidases,
47
peptides,
47
peripheral neuropathies,
140
personality traits, vulnerability to drug use and,
107
PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scanning,
12
,
85-86
,
95
phases of drug use
animal research in,
22
explained,
7
Phelps, Michael E.,
95
phosphorylation,
67
physical effects of drug addiction, moral effects versus,
27
physical reactions to stress,
115-117
pilots, marijuana testing on,
154
pituitary gland,
116-117
pleasure, dopamine and,
81
pleasure centers in brain,
29
deep brain stimulation (DBS),
33-34
drug use and,
35-37
food and water deprivation,
34
self-stimulation,
30-33
Plotsky, Paul,
119
Porrino, Linda,
70
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanning,
12
,
85-86
,
95
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),
118
postmortem studies on drug-addicted brains,
69-70
powerfulness of drug addiction,
73-74
eating and dopamine connection,
74-77
glutamate, acetylcholine, and dopamine connection,
80-81
sexual behavior and dopamine connection,
77-79
survival functions and dopamine connection,
79-80
“Prelude to passion: limbic activation by ‘unseen’ drug and sexual cues” (Childress et al.),
79
prescription drugs
drugs versus medications,
5
examples of abused drugs,
4
prevention of drug abuse,
183
,
190
principles of treatment,
174-176
proteins
antibodies and,
192
brain functions explained,
63-69
half life of,
91
synthesis/degradation rates,
91-92
psychological problems, vulnerability to drug use and,
106-107
psychostimulants, as drug class,
4
PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder),
118
public good, alcohol and,
202
realizing need for treatment,
177
receptor autoradiography,
96
receptors,
40
D2 dopamine receptors,
88-89
,
122
morphine’s effect on,
51-52
neurotransmitters binding to,
43-45
nicotinic cholinergic receptors,
104-105
removing neurotransmitters from,
46-47
recovery.
See
treatment
regions of the brain,
10-11
reinforcement,
29
relapse, animal research on,
25-26
Renshaw, Perry,
150
research
advantages of animal usage in,
15-16
dopamine system and drug addiction,
155-156
electrical stimulation reinforcement,
29
deep brain stimulation (DBS),
33-34
drug use and,
35-37
food and water deprivation and,
34
self-stimulation,
30-33
future of addiction research,
191
gender differences in drug addiction, hormonal influences,
161-163
on human drug abusers,
28
postmortem studies on drug-addicted brains,
69-70
self-administration of drugs by animals,
16-19
CART peptide example,
22-24
in phases of drug use,
22
relapse and cravings,
25-26
resources for information on treatment plans,
184-186
reticular formation,
30
reuptake of neurotransmitters,
46-47
reward system in brain,
29
deep brain stimulation (DBS),
33-34
drug use and,
35-37
food and water deprivation,
34
self-stimulation,
30-33
rewards
adolescent brain and,
165-166
dopamine and,
81
nonregular rewards, addiction and,
20-21
rider and elephant metaphor,
110-112
risk factors, controlling,
110
risk to benefit ratio,
201
rocket fuel,
151-152
Rohypnol, harmful effects of,
151
Rothberg, R.,
192
RTI-336 medication,
195-196
salience, dopamine and,
81
SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration),
184
scare tactic, addiction as,
133
schizophrenia,
151
sedatives
as drug class,
4
harmful effects of,
148-149
self-administration of drugs by animals,
16-19
CART peptide example,
22-24
in phases of drug use,
22
relapse and cravings,
25-26
self-stimulation of brain
by animals,
30-32
drug use and,
35-37
by humans,
32-33
sensitization,
63
septum,
30
settings for treatment,
179
sex differences.
See
gender differences in drug addiction