Authors: Richard Holmes
Tags: #History, #Modern, #19th Century, #Biography & Autobiography, #Science & Technology, #Science, #Philosophy & Social Aspects, #Fiction
9
Herschel to Maskelyne, 12 June 1780, WH Papers 1, ppxc-xci
10
CHM, p41
11
CHM, p149
12
CHA, pp14-15
13
CHA, pp19-20
14
CHA, p14
15
WH Papers 1, pxiv
16
CHA, p24
17
CHA, p112
18
CHM, p24
19
CHA, p23
20
CHA, p21
21
CHA, p24
22
CHM, p7
23
CHM, p6
24
CHA, p41
25
CHA, p25
26
CHA, p30
27
CHA, p136
28
CHA, p26; CHM, p10
29
CHM, p12
30
CHM, p11
31
WH Papers 1, pxix
32
Angus Armitage,
Herschel,
1962, p19
33
CHM, p11; also CHA, p108
34
CHA, p110
35
CHA, p109
36
Armitage, p19
37
CHA, p33
38
Helen Ashton,
I Had a Sister,
1937, pp153-61
39
CHA, p33
40
CHA, p34; Ashton, p161
41
CHA, p37
42
CHM, p20
43
CHA, p37
44
CHA, pp29, 34
45
CHM, p17
46
WH Papers 1, pxvii
47
WH Archive, William and Jacob Mss Letters 1761-63
48
WH Archive Mss Letters March 1761; also WH Chronicle, p18
49
WH Archive Mss Letters May 1761; also WH Chronicle, p26
50
WH Archive Mss Letter October 1761; also WH Chronicle, p28
51
WH Chronicle, p24
52
WH Archive Mss Letter October 1761; also WH Chronicle, p28
53
WH Papers 1, pxc, letter to Nevil Maskelyne
54
Armitage, p21
55
Ibid., p22
56
Ibid., p20
57
CHA, p7
58
CHA, p113; CHM, p18
59
CHA, p36
60
Ian Woodward, ‘The Celebrated Quarrel between Thomas Linley and William Herschel’, pamphlet printed Bath (British Library catalogue L.409.c.585.1); also WH Chronicle, pp42-3
61
WH Papers 1, ppxx-xxi
62
Armitage, p22
63
Crowe, 1986, pp124-9
64
James Gleick,
Isaac Newton,
2003
65
Derek Howse,
Nevil Maskelyne,
1989, pp70-1
66
Howse, pp66-72
67
Michael Hoskin,
The Herschel Partnership,
p21
68
CHM, pp22-3
69
CHA, p24
70
CHM, p25
71
CHM, p27
72
CHM, p32
73
CHA, p53
74
CHA, p123
75
CHM, p33
76
CHA, p51; CHM, p35
77
WH Mss 6278 1/8/8, dated 1784. But the use of the diminutive ‘Lina’ first becomes evident in manuscripts dating from 1779
78
WH Mss 6290
79
CHA, p52; CHM, p35
80
CHA, p55
81
CHA, p52; CHM, pp36-7
82
CHM, pp37-8
83
CHA, p55
84
WH Papers 1, Introduction
85
WH Mss 6290
86
JB Correspondence 1; Hoskin, p46
87
I owe these acute observations to Dr Percy Harrison, Head of Science, Eton College
88
WH Mss, H W.2/1. 1f.i
89
WH Mss, ‘Herschel’s First Observation Journal’, Ms 6280
90
Michael Crowe,
Extraterrestrial,
1994, pp42, 74-5. Herschel eventually increased it to 2,500 by 1820, and Edwin Hubble to 17,000 by the mid-twentieth century.
91
Armitage, p22
92
WH Mss 6290 7/8, dated January 1782; also WH Chronicle, p73
93
WH Chronicle, p72
94
WH Mss 6278 1/8/5
95
CHA, p127
96
CHA, p128
97
CHA, p129
98
CHM, p40
99
WH Mss 6290
100
Michael Crowe,
Theories of the Universe,
1994
101
James Ferguson,
Astronomy Explained,
1756, p5; and discussed by Michael Crowe,
Extraterrestrial,
1986, p60
102
Crowe,
Extraterrestrial,
p170; also Crowe,
Theories of the Universe,
1994, p73
103
CHM, p42
104
CHA, p61
105
CHA, p61
106
WH Papers vol 1, plxxxvii
107
WH Mss W.3/1.4, drafted 1778-79; discussed Crowe, 1986, pp64—5
108
WH Mss 6280, Observation Journal, 28 May 1776; and Crowe, 1986, p63
109
WH Mss W.3/1.4, drafted 1778-79, from Crowe, 1986, p65
110
CHA, p61
111
WH Mss 6280, First Observation Book
112
CHA, p61
113
WH Mss 6280, First Observation Book
114
Ibid., pp31ff, 170ff
115
CHA, p62
116
Simon Schaffer,
Journal of the History of Astronomy,
vol 12, 1981
117
Howse, p147
118
Schaffer, ‘Uranus and Herschel’s Astronomy’,
Journal for the History of Astronomy,
vol 12, 1981, p12
119
WH Papers 1, p36
120
WH Mss 6279; also WH Chronicle, p79
121
WH Mss 6279; WH Chronicle, p81
122
WH Papers 1; WH Chronicle, pp81-2
123
Howse, pp147-8
124
See WH Chronicle, pp78-80
125
WH Chronicle, p86, from Schaffer,
Journal of the History of Astronomy,
vol 12, 1981, ‘Uranus and Herschel’s Astronomy’, p14
126
Watson, letter to Herschel 25 May 1781, in WH Chronicle, p85
127
Howse,
Maskelyne,
p149
128
WH Chronicle, p95
129
‘A Letter to Sir Joseph Banks Bart. PRS’, 1783, in WH Papers 1, pp100-1
130
WH Mss 6278 1/7, letter 19 November 1781; also JB Correspondence 1, p292
131
JH Mss 6278 1/1/57
132
JH Mss 6278 1/1/63
133
‘Account of My Life to Dr Hutton’, 1809, from WH Chronicle, p79
134
WH Chronicle, p95
135
John Bonnycastle,
Introduction to Astronomy in Letters to a Pupil,
1786 (expanded edition 1811), pp354-7
136
Ibid., p241
137
Immanuel Kant,
Universal Natural History and the Theory of the Heavens,
1755 (translation 1969, British Library catalogue 9350.d.649), Part I, p67. Kant also wrote: ‘There is here no end but an abyss of real immensity, in the presence of which all the capability of human conception sinks exhausted, although it is supported by the aid of the science of mathematics.’ Part I, p65
138
Erasmus Darwin,
The Botanic Garden,
1791, Canto 1, lines 100-14, and Note to line 105; see also Canto 2, lines 14-82, and Canto 4, line 34
139
WH Chronicle, p102
140
JB Correspondence 1, p299
141
WH Chronicle, p101
142
JB Correspondence 1, p307
143
WH Chronicle, pp103-4
144
CHM, p45
145
CHM, p46; Howse, p148
146
WH Chronicle, pp115-16
147
Peter Sime,
William Herschel,
1890, pp259-61
148
WH Chronicle, p116
149
WH Mss 6278 1/8/6, 20 May 1782
150
CHA, pp66-7
151
CHM, pp48-9
152
Holmes,
Coleridge: Early Visions,
1994, pp18-19
153
Coleridge,
The Ancient Mariner,
Part IV, lines 263-71
154
Andrew Motion,
Keats,
Faber, 1997, pp27, 39, 121
155
WH Papers 1, pxix
156
Herschel to Johann Bode at Berlin, 20 July 1785, WH Mss 6278/11, p134
157
WH Mss 5278 1/4
158
Lucien Bonaparte, Wikipedia
159
WH Papers 1, pxix
160
CHA, p82
161
Samuel Johnson,
Collected Letters,
edited by Bruce Redford, vol III, 25 March 1784, p144
162
CHM, pp50-5
163
Hoskin, pp74-5
164
WH Mss 6281, Observation Journal No. 5, 1782
165
WH Chronicle, p105
166
WH Mss 6268 3/11
167
Ibid.
168
CHM, p52
169
Ibid.
170
WH Archive
171
CHM, p52
172
WH Papers 1, pp261-2; and WH Chronicle, pp222-3
173
CHM, p52
174
CHA, p77
175
CHA, p76
176
CHA, p77
177
Ibid.
178
Ibid.; and CHM, p55
179
WH Chronicle, pp190-5: a risky claim perhaps
180
WH Papers 1, pp157-66
181
Ibid. Illustrated in Armitage and Crowe, 1996, excerpts
182
Michael J. Crowe,
Modern Theories of the Universe from Herschel to Hubble,
Chicago UP, 1994
183
WH Papers 1, p265
184
WH Papers 1, p223
185
WH Papers 1, p225, a phrase repeated at end of this paper, at p259. Other extraordinary descriptions of galaxies evolving like plants growing or humans ageing occur in ‘Catalogue of a Second Thousand of new Nebulae’, 1789, WH Papers 1, pp330 and 337-8. Also in ‘On Nebulae Stars, properly so called’, 1791, WH Papers 1, pp415ff. See discussion in Edwin Hubble,
The Realm of the Nebulae,
1933; and Michael Crowe,
Theories of the Universe,
1996