Authors: Richard Holmes
Tags: #History, #Modern, #19th Century, #Biography & Autobiography, #Science & Technology, #Science, #Philosophy & Social Aspects, #Fiction
37
WH Chronicle, p252
38
Nevil Maskelyne, 6 December 1793; see CHA, p70
39
Pierre Méchain, 28 August 1789; see WH Chronicle, p219
40
Hoskin, pp103-7
41
WH Chronicle, p171
42
CHA, p91
43
CHM, p209
44
CHM, p309
45
Hoskin, p87
46
WH Mss 6278 1/5; and Hoskin, p88
47
CHM, p274; see Patricia Fara,
Pandora’s Breeches,
2004
48
Hoskin, p88
49
Ibid., p90
50
CHM, p209
51
WH Mss 6280; and Hoskin, p89
52
CHM, p211
53
Hoskin, pp88-90
54
CHA, p94
55
Ibid.
56
CHM, p308
57
WH Chronicle, p172
58
OS map from Hoskin, p58
59
Journal of Mrs Papendiek,
WH Chronicle, p174
60
WH Archive: miniature on ivory of Mary Herschel by J. Kernan, 1805; also reproduced in Hoskin, p97
61
Hoskin, pp91-4
62
WH to Alexander, 7 February 1788, from WH Chronicle, p178
63
Hoskin, p92
64
Journal of Mrs Papendiek,
WH Chronicle, p174
65
Ibid.
66
CHM, p178
67
WH Chronicle, p175
68
CHM, p79
69
CHA, p96
70
CHM, p79
71
WH Mss 6268 4/3
72
CHA, p57
73
CHM, pp78, 96
74
WH Chronicle, p177
75
Simon Schaffer, ‘Uranus and Herschel’s Astronomy’,
Journal for the History of Astronomy,
12, 1981, p22
76
Hoskin, p106
77
CHM, p83
78
CHM, p82
79
‘Description of a Forty Foot reflecting Telescope’ (June 1795), WH Papers 1, pp486, 512-26
80
Ibid.
81
WH Chronicle, p168
82
Ibid.
83
CHM, p168
84
Hoskin, p111
85
Ibid.
86
WH Papers 2 (1815), pp542-6
87
‘Catalogue of a Second Thousand Nebulae’, 1789, WH Papers 1, pp329-37
88
Simon Schaffer, ‘On the Nebular Hypothesis’, in
History, Humanity and Evolution,
edited by J.R. Moore, 1988
89
Hoskin, p167
90
Broadsheet cartoon by R Hawkins, Soho, February 1790; reproduced in Hoskin, p107
91
CHM, p95
92
Ibid.
93
CHM, p96
94
Ibid.
95
CHM, p98
96
CHA, p123
97
Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Fond,
Travels in England and Scotland for the Purpose of Examining the Arts and the Sciences,
vol 1, 1799, pp65-78; see Brock, p173
98
WH Papers 1, p423
99
Erasmus Darwin,
Botanic Garden,
Part I, Canto IV (Air), lines 371-88
100
Ibid., note to line 398
101
Crowe, 1986, pp79-80
102
Pierre Laplace quoted in Simon Schaffer, ‘On the Nebular Hypothesis’, op. cit.
103
Quoted in Crowe, 1986, p78
104
‘On the Nature and Construction of the Sun’, 1795, WH Papers 1, pp470-84; and ‘Observations tending to investigate the Nature of the Sun’, 1801, WH Papers 2, pp147-80. See also discussion in Crowe, 1986, pp66-7
105
See Vincent Cronin,
The View of the Planet Earth,
1981, p173
106
‘On the Solar and Terrestrial Rays that occasion Heat’, 1800, WH Papers 2, pp77-146; see Hoskin, p99
107
Humphry Davy to Davies Giddy, 3 July 1800, in J.A. Paris,
Davy,
vol 1, p87
108
Hoskin, p101
109
British Public Characters of 1798,
1801, British Library catalogue 10818.d. I
110
WH Chronicle, pp309-11; Beattie,
Life of Campbell,
1860, vol 2, pp234-9; Sime, pp206-9
111
Hoskin, p106
112
CHM, pp259-60
113
CHM, p259
114
Gunther Buttman,
Shadow of the Telescope,
1974, p8
115
This wooden plane can be seen in the Herschel House Museum, Bath
116
Buttman, op. cit., p11
117
WH Chronicle, p281
118
Michael Hoskin,
William Herschel and the Construction of the Heavens,
1963, p130
119
WH Chronicle, pp278-9
120
WH Papers 2, ‘On the Proper Motion of the Solar System’
121
WH Papers 2, pp460-97, with illustrations of different nebulae shapes
122
WH Papers 2, ‘Astronomical Observations’, 1811, p460; and discussed by Armitage,
Herschel,
pp117-20; and Hoskin,
Stellar Astronomy,
1982, p152
123
WH Papers 1, ‘The Construction of the Heavens’, 1785; and WH Chronicle, p183
124
Byron,
Detached Thoughts,
1821
125
Byron,
Letters,
to Piggot, December 1813; and Crowe,
Extraterrestrial,
p170
126
Bonnycastle,
Astronomy,
1811, Preface, ppv-vi
127
Charles Cowden Clarke,
Recollections,
1861; see also Andrew Motion,
Keats,
pp108-12
128
I owe this vivid suggestion to Dr Percy Harrison, Head of Science, Eton
129
The idea of a sacred, piercing moment of vision into the true nature of the cosmos is also traditional in earlier eighteenthcentury poetry. See the strange prose poem by the Northumberland rector James Hervey,
Contemplations on the Night,
1747
130
Simon Schaffer, ‘Herschel on Matter Theory’,
Journal for the History of Astronomy,
June 1980
131
WH Papers 2, pp520-41; and WH Chronicle, p287
132
WH Papers 2, p541
133
William Whewell,
On the Plurality of Worlds,
1850, edited by Michael Crowe, 2001
134
Herschel to Banks, 10 June 1802, in JB Correspondence 5, p199, where Herschel offers the term ’asteroid’ reluctantly - ‘not exactly the thing we want’ - from a suggestion by the antiquary Rev Steven Weston, though fully aware that the recently discovered Pallas and Ceres were not ‘baby stars’. The usage is nonetheless dated to Herschel 1802 by the
OED.
135
Thomas Campbell quoted in WH Chronicle, p335
136
David Brewster,
Life of Sir Isaac Newton,
1831
Chapter 5: Mungo Park in Africa
1
Sir Harold Carter,
Sir Joseph Banks 1743-1820,
British Museum, Natural History, 1988, p425; and Gascoigne,
Banks and the Enlightenment,
p19
2
JB Letters, p609n; and Hector Cameron,
Sir Joseph Banks,
1952, p144
3
Cameron, p88
4
As described in Anthony Sattin,
The Gates of Africa: Death, Discovery and the Search for Timbuktu,
HarperCollins, 2003
5
The Life of Mungo Park,
by HB (anon), 1835, p284
6
Sattin, pp134-6
7
Ibid., pp136-7
8
Mungo Park,
Travels in the Interior of Africa,
1799, 1860. The edition used here is
Travels,
Nonsuch, 2005, p16
9
Sattin, p140
10
Travels, p1
9
11
Ibid., p31
12
Sattin, p143
13
Banks to Park, winter 1795, in ibid., p141
14
Travels,
p95
15
Ibid., p98
16
Ibid., p138
17
Ibid., p141
18
Ibid.
19
The Life of Mungo Park,
by HB (anon), 1835, pp289-90; also Sattin, p168
20
Travels, pp168-9
21
Ibid., p169
22
Samuel Taylor Coleridge,
The Ancient Mariner,
1798, Part IV
23
Joseph Conrad,
Geography and Some Explorers,
1924, pp28-9
24
JB Correspondence 4, Banks to Sir William Hamilton, 14 March 1798, p540
25
Ibid., no.1484, Banks to Johann Blumenbach, 19 September 1798, p554
26
Ibid., no. 1513, Blumenbach to Banks, 12 June 1799, p590
27
Walter Scott’s meeting with Park 1804; described in
The Life of Mungo Park,
by HB (anon), 1835, ‘Addenda’; and Sattin, p235
28
JB Letters, no. 78, Banks to Lord Liverpool, 8 June 1799, p209
29
Kenneth Lupton,
Mungo Park African Traveller,
OUP, 1979, p146. Lupton was the one-time District Officer at Boussa, and knew the African locations well
30
Ibid., p158
31
Travels,
‘Journal of Second Journey’, pp264-5
32
Ibid., p271
33
Park Mss, Martyn to Megan, 1 November 1805, BL Add Mss 37232.f63
34
Travels,
‘Journal of Second Journey’, p272
35
Park Mss, Park to Lord Camden, 17 November 1805, BL Add Mss 37232.f65; see also Park’s letter to Allison Park’s father, 10 November 1805, BL Add Mss 33230.f37; and Lupton, p175
36
Travels,
p274
37
Park Mss, Park to Joseph Banks, 16 November 1805, BL Add Mss 37232.k.f64
38
Alfred Tennyson, ‘Timbucto’ (poem), 1827
39
Lupton, ‘Appendix of Later Accounts’ from Isaaco, Amadi Fatouma, Richard Lander and several subsequent Niger explorers
40
Thomas Park to Allison Park, dated Accra September 1727, from Joseph Thomson,
Mungo Park and the Niger,
1890, pp241-2
41
Richard Lander’s report 1827, reprinted in Stephen Gwynn,
Mungo Park and the Quest for the Niger,
1932, p233
42
Percy Bysshe Shelley,
Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude,
1815, lines 140-9
43
Thomas Love Peacock,
Crotchet Castle,
1830; see Holmes,
Shelley: The Pursuit,
1974, p292