The Body Economic (40 page)

     
IMF loan requirements,
78
,
81–82

     
personal impact, stories of,
xvii–xviii
,
94

     
public protests,
xvii–xviii
,
78
,
82–83
,
91–92
,
94

     
social impacts,
xvii–xviii
,
78
,
82–83
,
89
,
91–92
,
94

Grímsson, Ólafur Ragnar,
74

Gripiotis, Jannis,
89–90

Haarde, Geir Hilmar,
57
,
58
,
66
,
69
,
75

Happiness,
59
,
69–70

Healthcare

     
cost benefit,
119

     
Germany,
104

     
human right to, non-US countries,
103–104

     
market-based system,
101–102
,
103
,
106

     
United States,
99–105

Health impacts

     
foreclosure crisis (US),
123–129
,
136–137

     
of gradual privatization,
28
,
35–36
,
40

     
of homelessness,
126
,
127
,
129–130
,
132–133
,
134

     
of rapid privatization,
21
,
23–29
,
36
,
39

     
of unemployment,
18–19
,
87
,
109–110
,
111
,
112–114
,
115
,
116–121

Health impacts of austerity

     
to children,
50

     
deferral of essential medical care,
48
,
85
,
90
,
97–101
,
127–128

     
disability benefits,
3–4
,
91

     
emergency relief programs for,
89

     
illegal drug use,
86–87

     
infant mortality/mother malnutrition,
46
,
51
,
89–90

     
infectious disease rates,
xiv
,
48–50
,
77–78
,
86–91
,
134

     
mental health,
86
,
112–113

     
mortality rates,
xix
,
19
,
51
,
90

     
New New Deal program proposal,
143

     
personal impact, stories of,
x–xi,
xvii
,
83–84
,
91

     
quality of care,
102–104
,
106–107

     
suicide rates,
xiv
,
xvii–xviii
,
xix
,
46
,
86
,
88
,
109–111
,
119–121

     
violence,
xiv

Health improvements

     
Great Depression,
7–12

     
New Deal era stimulus,
15–18

     
recessions and,
xiii–xiv
,
xviii–xx
,
51
,
68–71

     
social welfare spending and,
15–18
,
50–51
,
53

HIV,
xiv
,
48–51
,
77–78
,
86–91
,
135

Homelessness

     
economic impacts,
130
,
131

     
foreclosure crisis and,
126
,
128–130
,
132–134
,
136

     
Greece's austerity response and,
78
,
135

     
health impacts,
126
,
129–130
,
134

     
mortality rates,
127
,
129
,
132–133

     
prevention programs (US),
130–131
,
133

     
statistics, globally,
135

     
UK austerity response and,
126–127
,
132–134

     
UK vs. US statistics,
132

Homelessness Prevention and Rapid Re-Housing Program,
130
,
133

Home Owner's Loan Corporation,
15

Homicide rates,
xiv
,
78

Hoover, Herbert,
4
,
7
,
14

Housing crisis.
See also
foreclosure crisis

     
UK/austerity response,
131–134

     
US/austerity response,
135–136

     
US/stimulus response,
128–131

Housing First,
130–131
,
135

Huppert, Felicia,
69

Iceland

     
constitution,
74

     
economy, pre-crisis,
59–61

     
happiness in,
59
,
69–70

     
social welfare spending,
xiv
,
xix
,
71–75

     
wealth gap,
62–63
,
73

Iceland, financial crisis in

     
austerity plan

debate over,
54–65

the democratic option,
66–67
,
71
,
74
,
93
,
142

health impacts, planning for,
58
,
63–66

protests against,
62
,
63
,
88

     
economic impacts,
61
,
62
,
65

     
economic recovery,
71–75

     
extent of,
57–58

     
health improvements,
xiv
,
68–71

     
roots of,
59–61
,
73

     
social impacts,
62
,
63
,
72–74
,
88

Indonesia,
43
,
45
,
46–48
,
53

Infant mortality/mother malnutrition,
17
,
46
,
51
,
89–90

Infectious disease rates

     
austerity's impact on,
xiv
,
48–50
,
77–78
,
86–91
,
134

     
foreclosure crisis and,
123–126
,
136–137

     
homelessness and,
127
,
134

     
New New Deal program proposal for prevention of,
145

     
rapid privatization policy and,
39

     
social welfare spending and,
17
,
50–51
,
53

International Monetary Fund

     
assumed fiscal multiplier errors,
64–65
,
92

     
austerity policy

          
harms of,
xx
,
53
,
65
,
92–93

          
loan conditions,
44–45
,
47
,
82

          
as political strategy,
93

          
public protests,
xvii–xviii
,
63
,
78
,
82–83
,
91–92
,
94
,
109–110

     
bailout funds, misuse of,
92

     
Founding Charter,
44

     
social protection programs policy,
73–74

Inverse Care Law,
102
,
103

Ireland,
12
,
135

Italy,
109–110

Japan,
xix

Jonah, Claudia,
124–125

Jonsson, Sturla,
66

Kazakhstan post-Soviet era,
28
,
31
,
35–36
,
118

Kennedy, Robert,
xv
,
145

Kern Mosquito and Vector Control,
125

Keynes, John Maynard,
4
,
144

Krugman, Paul,
5
,
43

Kyrgyzstan post-Soviet era,
31

Labor market protection investment,
114–121

Laffer, Arthur,
60

Latvia post-Soviet era,
28
,
34

Layard, Richard,
69

Lenin, Vladimir,
30

Letwin, Oliver,
105

Liaropoulos, Lycourgos,
89–90

Lithuania post-Soviet era,
35

Locke, John,
67

Louisiana,
16–17

Loverdos, Andreas,
77–78
,
88
,
89
,
90

Magnusson, Guðjón,
63

Mahathir Mohamad,
47

Major, John,
105

Malaysia,
45–48
,
50–53

Malnutrition/infant mortality,
46
,
51
,
89–90

Marrone, Tiziana,
109–110

McArdle, Brian,
3–4

McArdle, Kieran,
3–4

Médecins du Monde,
89

Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders),
89

Medicaid,
99

Mental health.
See also
suicide rates

     
ALMP protective effect,
115
,
118
,
119
,
121

     
foreclosure threat and,
127

     
in Iceland,
69

     
unemployment and,
112–114
,
115

Merkel, Angela,
93–94

Mohamad, Mahathir,
45–46

Mortality rates

     
gradual privatization policy effects,
28
,
35–36
,
40

     
Great Depression,
7–8
,
9–10
,
11–12
,
13–14

     
Great Recession (US, 2007–2009),
xix
,
18–19
,
99
,
103
,
129

     
homelessness and,
127
,
129
,
132–133

     
IMF austerity requirements and,
51
,
90

     
infant mortality,
46
,
51
,
90

     
New Deal era,
17–18

Neo-Nazism,
94

Netherlands,
74

New Deal,
x
,
15–18
,
45
,
63
,
71
,
94
,
105
,
141–142