The Conquering Tide (102 page)

57.
 Entry dated May 9, 1944, in ibid., p. 368.

58.
 Morison,
History of United States Naval Operations in World War II
, Vol. 8, p. 215.

59.
 Entry dated May 8, 1944, in Ugaki,
Fading Victory
, p. 368.

60.
 Entry dated May 25, 1944, in ibid., p. 376.

61.
 Entry dated June 9, 1944, in ibid., p. 391.

62.
 Entry dated June 10, 1944, in ibid., p. 393.

63.
 Entry dated June 13, 1944, in ibid., pp. 395–96.

64.
 Minoru Nomura, “Ozawa in the Pacific,” in Evans, ed.,
Japanese Navy in World War II
, p. 313.

Chapter Fourteen

1.
 Rosenman,
Working with Roosevelt
, p. 434.

2.
 “Commander Joint Expeditionary Force, Marianas Operations, to CINCPAC,” August 25, 1944, FDR Map Room Papers, “U.S. Navy Action Reports, August–September 1944,” Box 185.

3.
 Davis,
Sinking the Rising Sun
, p. 197.

4.
 CINCPOA to COMINCH, May 23, 1944, in CINCPAC War Diary, Book 5, p. 220.

5.
 Takeo Yamauchi, oral history, in Cook and Cook, eds.,
Japan at War
, p. 282.

6.
 CINCPAC to COMINCH, “Operations in the Pacific Ocean Areas—June 1944,” dated November 7, 1944, A16-3/Sum, Serial 003623, FDR Map Room Papers, “U.S. Navy Action Reports, March to June 1944,” Box 183, p. 9.

7.
 Notes by Glen C. H. Perry, King's meeting with reporters, February 18, 1944, in Perry,
“Dear Bart,”
p. 248.

8.
 Buell,
Master of Seapower
, p. 439.

9.
 Spruance to Samuel Eliot Morison, January 20, 1952, Raymond A. Spruance Papers, Coll/707, Box 1.

10.
 Narrative by Arleigh Burke, Office of Naval Records and Library, recorded August 20, 1945, in NARA, RG 38, “World War II Oral Histories and Interviews, 1942–1946,” Box 4.

11.
 Astor,
Wings of Gold
, p. 257.

12.
 Buell,
Dauntless Helldivers
, p. 289.

13.
 CINCPAC to COMINCH, “Operations in the Pacific Ocean Areas—June 1944,” dated November 7, 1944, A16-3/Sum, Serial 003623, FDR Map Room Papers, “U.S. Navy Action Reports, March to June 1944,” Box 183, p. 30.

14.
 Zurlinden, “Prelude to Saipan, 15 June, 1944,” p. 582.

15.
 Robert B. Sheeks, oral history, in Smith and Meehl, eds.,
Pacific War Stories
, p. 192.

16.
 Sherman,
Combat Command
, p. 240.

17.
 Richard King, letter to his parents, September 8, 1945, in Carroll, ed.,
War Letters
, pp. 300–2.

18.
 Hopkins,
Nice to Have You Aboard
, p. 138.

19.
 Okumiya, Horikoshi, and Caidin,
Zero!
, p. 234.

20.
 Entry dated June 17, 1944, in Ugaki,
Fading Victory
, p. 407.

21.
 Commander, Fifth Fleet, War Diary for June 1944, A12/1, Serial 00398, entry dated June 15, 1944, FDR Map Room Papers, “U.S. Navy Action Reports, July to August 1944,” Box 184, p. 10.

22.
 Blair,
Silent Victory
, p. 653.

23.
 Spruance to Nimitz, July 4, 1944, Raymond A. Spruance Papers, MS Collection 12, Series I, correspondence, Box 2, Folder 1.

24.
 Spruance to E. B. Potter, February 21, 1955, Raymond A. Spruance Papers, Coll/707, Box 3.

25.
 CINCPAC to COMINCH, “Operations in the Pacific Ocean Areas—June 1944,” dated November 7, 1944, A16-3/Sum, Serial 003623, FDR Map Room Papers, “U.S. Navy Action Reports, March to June 1944,” Box 183, p. 80.

26.
 Clark, “Marianas Turkey Shoot,” in Sears, ed.,
Eyewitness to World War II
, p. 195.

27.
 Commander, Fifth Fleet, War Diary for June 1944, A12/1, Serial 00398, entry dated June 15, 1944, FDR Map Room Papers, “U.S. Navy Action Reports, July to August 1944,” Box 184, p. 18.

28.
 Clark, “Marianas Turkey Shoot,” in Sears, ed.,
Eyewitness to World War II
, p. 197.

29.
 Ibid., p. 195.

30.
 Sherman,
Combat Command
, p. 243.

31.
 CINCPAC to COMINCH, “Operations in the Pacific Ocean Areas—June 1944,” dated November 7, 1944, A16-3/Sum, Serial 003623, FDR Map Room Papers, “U.S. Navy Action Reports, March to June 1944,” Box 183, p. 81.

32.
 Commander, Fifth Fleet, War Diary for June 1944, A12/1, Serial 00398, entry dated June 20, 1944, FDR Map Room Papers, “U.S. Navy Action Reports, July to August 1944,” Box 184.

33.
 Westcott, ed.,
Mahan on Naval Warfare
, p. 80.

34.
 Ibid., p. 82.

35.
 Truman J. Hedding (ret.), USNI Oral History Program, 1972, pp. 77–78.

36.
 Reynolds,
On the Warpath in the Pacific
, p. 354.

37.
 Thach quoted in Astor,
Wings of Gold
, p. 273.

38.
 Taylor,
Magnificent Mitscher
, p. 215.

39.
 Charles Moore, CCOH Naval History Project, No. 655, Vol. 5, p. 1021.

40.
 George W. Anderson Jr. (ret.), USNI Oral History Program, 1983, p. 140.

41.
 Narrative by Arleigh Burke, Office of Naval Records and Library, recorded August 20, 1945, in NARA, RG 38, “World War II Oral Histories and Interviews, 1942–1946,” Box 4.

42.
 Paul H. Backus (ret.), USNI Oral History Program, 1995, p. 195.

43.
 Arleigh A. Burke account in Wooldridge, ed.,
Carrier Warfare in the Pacific
, p. 163.

44.
 “Comments and Recommendations on Operations from 11 July 1944 to 3 July 1944,” Commander, VF-15, p. 3, CINCPAC Serial 003607, in NARA, RG 38, “WWII Action and Operational Reports,” Box 36.

45.
 Cmdr. Ernest Snowden quoted in Astor,
Wings of Gold
, p. 282.

46.
 Entry dated June 19, 1944, in Fahey,
Pacific War Diary
, p. 171.

47.
 Sommers,
Combat Carriers
, p. 91.

48.
 Lt. Cmdr. Zenji Abe, oral history, in Werneth, ed.,
Beyond Pearl Harbor
, p. 55.

49.
 Alex Vraciu quoted in Astor,
Wings of Gold
, p. 277.

50.
 Ibid., p. 279.

51.
 Danton, “Battle of the Philippine Sea,” p. 1025.

52.
 Commander, Fifth Fleet, War Diary for June 1944, A12/1, Serial 00398, entry dated June 19, FDR Map Room Papers, “U.S. Navy Action Reports, July to August 1944,” Box 184, p. 23.

53.
 Taylor,
Magnificent Mitscher
, p. 227.

54.
 Commander, Fifth Fleet, War Diary for June 1944, A12/1, Serial 00398, entry dated June 19, FDR Map Room Papers, “U.S. Navy Action Reports, July to August 1944,” Box 184, p. 23.

55.
 Entry dated June 19, 1944, in Ugaki,
Fading Victory
, p. 411.

56.
 Ibid., p. 409.

57.
 Telegram No. 2220, cited in ibid., p. 412.

58.
 Clark, “Marianas Turkey Shoot,” reprinted in Sears, ed.,
Eyewitness to World War II
, p. 200.

59.
 Truman J. Hedding (ret.), USNI Oral History Program, 1972, p. 79.

60.
 Clark, “Marianas Turkey Shoot,” reprinted in Sears, ed.,
Eyewitness to World War II,
p. 200.

61.
 James D. Ramage account in Wooldridge, ed.,
Carrier Warfare in the Pacific
, p. 173.

62.
 Don Lewis account (excerpted in James D. Ramage account) in Wooldridge, ed.,
Carrier Warfare in the Pacific
, p. 173.

63.
 Buell,
Dauntless Helldivers
, p. 297.

64.
 Ibid., p. 298.

65.
 Don Lewis account (excerpted in James D. Ramage account) in Wooldridge, ed.,
Carrier Warfare in the Pacific
, p. 177.

66.
 Entry dated June 20, 1944, in Ugaki,
Fading Victory
, p. 414.

67.
 Alex Vraciu quoted in Astor,
Wings of Gold
, p. 307.

68.
 Spruance to E. B. Potter, January 2, 1960, Raymond A. Spruance Papers, Coll/707, Box 3.

69.
 Harper,
Paddles!
, p. 222.

70.
 Buell,
Dauntless Helldivers
, p. 305.

71.
 
Enterprise
Action Report, VT-10 enclosure. FDR Map Room Papers, “U.S. Navy Action Reports, March to June 1944,” Box 183.

72.
 Paul H. Backus (ret.), USNI Oral History Program, 1995, p. 195.

73.
 James D. Ramage account in Wooldridge, ed.,
Carrier Warfare in the Pacific
, p. 184.

74.
 Excerpt from the
Ottumwa Courier
, quoted in Buell,
Dauntless Helldivers
, p. 315.

75.
 Sommers,
Combat Carriers
, p. 90.

76.
 Spruance to Nimitz, July 4, 1944, Raymond A. Spruance Papers, Coll/707, Box 1.

77.
 “Extract of a letter from Maj. Gen. Jarmon, 23 June 1944,” Holland M. Smith Collection, Coll/2949, Box 1.

78.
 Richard King, letter to his parents, September 8, 1945, in Carroll, ed.,
War Letters
, pp. 300–2.

79.
 Spruance to Nimitz, July 4, 1944, Raymond A. Spruance Papers, Coll/707, Box 1.

80.
 CINCPAC to COMINCH, “Operations in the Pacific Ocean Areas—June 1944,” dated November 7, 1944, A16-3/Sum, Serial 003623, FDR Map Room Papers, “U.S. Navy Action Reports, March to June 1944,” Box 183.

81.
 Manchester,
Goodbye, Darkness
, p. 261.

82.
 Ibid.

83.
 Entry dated June 25, 1944, in Fahey,
Pacific War Diary
, p. 176.

84.
 Bradlee,
Good Life
, p. 78.

85.
 CINCPAC to COMINCH, “Operations in the Pacific Ocean Areas—June 1944,” dated November 7, 1944, A16-3/Sum, Serial 003623, FDR Map Room Papers, “U.S. Navy Action Reports, March to June 1944,” Box 183.

86.
 Takeo Yamauchi, oral history, in Cook and Cook, eds.,
Japan at War
, p. 283.

87.
 Ibid., p. 289.

88.
 “Lieutenant General Saito's Last Message to Japanese Officers and Men Defending Saipan,” translation of D-2 section of 4th Marine Division, captured July 9, 1944, Ernest J. King Papers.

89.
 From a captured Japanese officer's personal account, cited in Appendix IX, “Saipan: The Beginning of the End,” by Major Carl W. Hoffman, USMC, Historical Branch, G-3 Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, 1950, p. 284, USMC Archives.

90.
 Rogal,
Guadalcanal, Tarawa and Beyond
, p. 165.

91.
 Taro Kawaguchi diary excerpted in Brawley, Dixon, and Trefalt, eds.,
Competing Voices from the Pacific War
, p. 126.

92.
 Manchester,
Goodbye, Darkness
, p. 269.

93.
 Ibid., p. 270.

94.
 Takeo Yamauchi, oral history, in Cook and Cook, eds.,
Japan at War
, p. 289.

95.
 Dower,
War Without Mercy
, p. 249.

96.
 “Saipan,” HM9-16, p. 6, published by the 2d Marine Division, 1944, USMC Archives.

97.
 Rogal,
Guadalcanal, Tarawa and Beyond
, p. 156.

98.
 Entry for Thursday, July 13, 1944, in Fahey,
Pacific War Diary
, p. 190.

99.
 Entry for Sunday, July 16, 1944, in ibid., p. 191.

100.
 Robert B. Sheeks account in Smith and Meehl, eds.,
Pacific War Stories
, p. 193.

101.
 Ibid., p. 192.

102.
 Smith and Finch,
Coral and Brass
, p. 201.

103.
 USSBS,
Interrogations of Japanese Officials
, Vol. 2, p. 387.

104.
 See, for example, Spruance's commencement speech at Brown University, June 1946, Raymond A. Spruance Papers, MS Collection 12, Box 2, Folder 4.

105.
 Buell,
Quiet Warrior
, p. 320.

106.
 James Orvill Raines to Ray Ellen Raines, November 2, 1944, in Raines,
Good Night Officially
, p. 114.

107.
 Hammer, “Organized Confusion,” p. 408.

108.
 Lewis Thomas account in Shenk, ed.,
Authors at Sea
, p. 237.

109.
 Department of the Navy,
Building the Navy's Bases in World War II
, p. 353.

110.
 Hammer, “Organized Confusion,” p. 407.

111.
 Pyle,
Last Chapter
, p. 19.

112.
 Lamar, “I Saw Stars,” p. 26.

113.
 Hammer, “Organized Confusion,” p. 417.

114.
 Kristof, “Shoichi Yokoi, 82, Is Dead.”

Epilogue

1.
 Teishin Nohara, oral history, in Cook and Cook, eds.,
Japan at War
, pp. 33–34.

2.
 Fumio Kimura account in Gibney, ed.,
Senso
, p. 109.

3.
 Hitoshi Anzai account in ibid., p. 119.

4.
 Toru Izumi account in ibid., p. 34.

5.
 Uichiro Kawachi, oral history, in Cook and Cook, eds.,
Japan at War
, p. 214.

6.
 Ibid.

7.
 Ibid., pp. 214–15.

8.
 Cook and Cook, eds.,
Japan at War
, p. 66.

9.
 Entry dated December 11, 1943, in Kiyosawa,
Diary of Darkness
, p. 122; Cook and Cook, eds.,
Japan at War
, p. 174.