The Defence of the Realm (175 page)

95
 West and Tsarev,
Crown Jewels
,
pp. 168
–
9
.

96
 Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
pp. 183
–
4
.

97
 Duff Cooper to Churchill (copied to Roger Hollis), 26 Oct. 1943, TNA KV 4/251, s. 4a.

98
 Security Service Archives.

99
 West and Tsarev,
Crown Jewels
,
pp. 309
–
10
.

100
 Security Service Archives. See above,
p. 255
.

101
 Security Service Archives.

102
 Hollis, ‘The revolutionary programme of the communists', enclosed with Petrie to Sir Alexander Maxwell (Home Office), 6 July 1942, TNA KV 4/266, s. 7a. Kerr, ‘Roger Hollis and the dangers of the Anglo-Soviet treaty of 1942'.

103
 Roger Hollis, Minute 145a, 24 Dec. 1942, TNA KV 4/267.

104
 Sir David Petrie, Minute 176a, 31 Jan. 1945, TNA KV 4/267. Walton, ‘British Intelligence and Threats to National Security, 1941–1951'.

105
 Roger Hollis, Minute 52a, 5 Sept. 1945, TNA KV 4/251. Walton, ‘British Intelligence and Threats to National Security, 1941–1951'.

106
 See below,
pp. 341
–
2
.

107
 Security Service Archives.

108
 Security Service Archives.

109
 See below,
pp. 510ff
.

Chapter 3: Victory

1
 Masterman,
Double-Cross System
,
pp. 8
–
9
,
58
.

2
 Howard,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, vol. 5,
pp. 20
–
1
.

3
 Shelley, ‘Empire of Shadows'. Holt,
Deceivers
.

4
 Howard,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, vol. 5,
p. xi
.

5
 West and Tsarev,
Crown Jewels
,
pp. 308
–
9
.

6
 Ibid.,
pp. 317
–
19
.

7
 Holt,
Deceivers
,
p. 43
. An inquiry by Lord Gort concluded that Clarke ‘seems in all other respects to be mentally stable'. Wilson, ‘War in the Dark',
p. 193
.

8
 Howard,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, vol. 5,
pp. 26
–
7
.

9
 Ibid.,
pp. 55
–
63
.

10
 Masterman,
Double-Cross System
,
pp. 17
,
109
.

11
 Tomás Harris was in B1G (Spanish counter-espionage), based in Jermyn Street, but worked in close co-operation with B1A, which he visited almost daily. Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

12
 Sir Michael Howard calls their collaboration ‘one of those rare partnerships between two exceptionally gifted men whose inventive genius inspired and complemented one another'. Howard,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, vol. 5,
p. 231
.

13
 Security Service Archives.

14
 Carter,
Blunt
,
pp. 94
–
5
,
257
. Harris's file also describes him as a close friend of Blunt's flatmate, Guy Burgess. His friendship with them, and also with Philby, led later to an investigation which uncovered no evidence of his involvement in Soviet espionage. Security Service Archives.

15
 Howard,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, vol. 5,
pp. 62
–
3
.

16
 Holt,
Deceivers
,
p. 268
.

17
 Security Service Archives.

18
 Holt,
Deceivers
,
p. 370
.

19
 Security Service Archives

20
 Howard,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, vol. 5,
p. 89
. Soon after devising the deception, Cholmondeley returned, for reasons unknown, to the Air Ministry. Security Service Archives.

21
 Security Service Archives.

22
 Macintyre,
Operation Mincemeat
, chs 9$10. On Ivor Montagu see below,
p. 381
.

23
 Bevan, ‘Mincemeat', n.d., TNA CAB 154/67/63; cited by Holt,
Deceivers
,
p. 376
.

24
 Macintyre,
Operation Mincemeat
, ch. 71

25
 Recollections of former Security Service officers.

26
 Holt,
Deceivers
,
p. 375
.

27
 Ibid.,
p. 374
.

28
 Recollections of former Security Service officers. Montagu,
The Man Who Never Was
.

29
 Macintyre,
Operation Mincemeat
, chs117–22.

30
 Duff Cooper to Petrie, 9 March 1943, TNA KV 4/83, s. 1a. Duff Cooper was so enthused by MINCEMEAT that in 1950 he published a novel based on it,
Operation Heartbreak
.

31
 Guy Liddell diary, 10 March 1943.

32
 Duff Cooper to Petrie, 9 March 1943, TNA KV 4/83, s. 1a.

33
 
Security Service
,
p. 231
; Chapman's MI5 file is TNA KV 2/455–63.

34
 ‘The HARLEQUIN case', enclosed with Petrie to Duff Cooper, 16 April 1943, TNA KV 4/83, s. 9a.

35
 Ibid.

36
 Duff Cooper to Petrie, 9 March 1943, TNA KV 4/83, s. 1a.

37
 Guy Liddell diary, 10 March 1943.

38
 Petrie to Duff Cooper, 13 March 1943, TNA KV 4/83, s. 3a.

39
 Guy Liddell diary, 16 March 1943. ADB1 (White) to DG through DB, 26 March 1943, TNA KV 4/83, s. 5a. The limited number of Soviet espionage cases which came to light were, however, included in the monthly reports.

40
 Zec was not in fact a controversial cartoonist, let alone subversive. After the war, Morrison apologized to him. Kellett, ‘Philip Zec',
pp. 87
–
95
; Zec,
Don't Lose it Again!
,
pp. 73
–
81
(I am grateful to Dr Nicholas Hiley for these references.)

41
 ADB1 (White) to DG through DB, 26 March 1943, TNA KV 4/83, s. 5a.

42
 This is confirmed by the recollections of former Security Service officers. Cf. Blunt (B1B) to DB, 13 July 1945, TNA KV 4/83, s. 61a.

43
 Few details are available of how many classified British documents obtained by Soviet intelligence were passed to Stalin personally. It is known, however, that in 1935 these included over a hundred Foreign Office reports (Andrew and Elkner, ‘Stalin and Intelligence',
p. 73
). The MI5 monthly reports to Churchill would probably have been, on average, of even greater interest to Stalin.

44
 Arrangements were made for this and subsequent reports to be returned to the Security Service after Churchill had read them. ADB1 (White) to DG through DB, 26 March 1943, TNA KV 4/83, s. 5a.

45
 Duff Cooper to Guy Liddell, 2 April 1943, TNA KV 4/83, s. 8a. Guy Liddell diary, 3 April 1943.

46
 ‘Report on Activities of Security Service', with minute by Churchill of 2 April 1944, TNA KV 4/83, s. 7a. This report, like its successors, was returned to the Security Service after being read by Churchill.

47
 Petrie to T. L. Rowan (No. 10), 23 Jan. 1946, Security Service Archives.

48
 ‘Report on Activities of Security Service', n.d. [March 1943], TNA KV 4/83, s. 7a.

49
 Duff Cooper to Guy Liddell, 2 April 1943, TNA KV 4/83, s. 8a.

50
 ‘The HARLEQUIN case', enclosed with Petrie to Duff Cooper, 16 April 1943, TNA KV 4/83, s. 10a.

51
 Third Report on Activities of Security Service, 1 June 1943, TNA KV 4/83, s. 16a. Since
HARLEQUIN had been captured by the Americans in North Africa, he became a US POW. H. P. Milmo (B1B) to SIS, 6 May 1943, TNA KV 2/268, s. 46a.

52
 V. B. Carol (B1H) to ADB1 (through B1B, H. P. Milmo), 22 April 1943, TNA KV 2/268, s. 43b; H. P. Milmo to Major Stopford-Adams, 4 May 1943, TNA KV 2/268, s. 45a.

53
 Second Report on Activities of Security Service, 1 May 1943, TNA KV 4/83, s. 13a.

54
 Macintyre,
Agent Zigzag
, ch. 20.

55
 Duff Cooper to Dick White, 5 May 1943, TNA KV 2/459; Macintyre,
Agent Zigzag
,
p. 223
.

56
 Macintyre,
Agent Zigzag
,
pp. 147
–
8
,
176
.

57
 ‘Report on the Activities of the Security Service during June, 1944', 3 July 1944, TNA KV 4/83, s. 42a.

58
 Apart from HARLEQUIN, GARBO was the only agent to be the subject of a special MI5 report to the Prime Minister in addition to being mentioned in some of the monthly reports. The fact that a copy of ZIGZAG's file was sent for by Duff Cooper suggests that he aroused a roughly comparable level of interest in the Prime Minister.

59
 
Security Service
,
p. 254
.

60
 ‘GARBO' (described in MI5 note of 5 Nov. 1943 as a ‘report which Mr Duff Cooper prepared to show to the Prime Minister', based on information from the Security Service), TNA KV 4/83, s. 21a.

61
 Guy Liddell diary, 22, 23, 24 June 1943.

62
 Howard,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, vol. 5,
pp. 106
–
7
.

63
 Stafford,
Ten Days to D-Day
,
pp. 48
–
50
.

64
 Masterman,
Double-Cross System
,
pp. 152
–
4
.

65
 Stafford,
Ten Days to D-Day
,
pp. 157
–
8
.

66
 ‘Tenth Report on Activities of Security Service', 7 March 1944, TNA KV 4/83, s. 29a.

67
 Guy Liddell noted in his diary on 16 April 1944, ‘ARTIST has made it clear that he knows all about the GARBO set up and believes it to be a blind.'

68
 Reile,
Geheime Westfront
,
pp. 194
–
205
.

69
 Masterman,
Double-Cross System
,
pp. 140
–
41
. Hinsley and Simkins,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, vol. 4,
pp. 117
–
18
.

70
 Christopher Harmer to Hugh Astor, 28 Oct. 1992, Security Service Archives.

71
 Reile,
Geheime Westfront
,
pp. 194
–
205
.

72
 Masterman,
Double-Cross System
,
p. 142
.

73
 Hugh Astor to Roger Fleetwood-Hesketh, 10 July 1984, Security Service Archives.

74
 Guy Liddell diary, 4 July 1944.

75
 Willan,
D-Day to Berlin
, ch. 1.

76
 Mary Sherer (B1A), ‘Nathalie Sergueiew', 4 July 1944, TNA KV 2/466, s. 377a.

77
 Masterman,
Double-Cross System
,
pp. 143
,
149
,
161
.

78
 Security Service Archives. On the wartime bar on officer rank for female staff, see above,
p. 220
.

79
 Sergueiev,
Secret Service Rendered
.

80
 Mary Sherer (B1A), ‘Nathalie Sergueiew', 4 July 1944, TNA KV 2/466, s. 377a.

81
 Ibid.

82
 ‘Tenth Report on Activities of Security Service', 7 March 1944, TNA KV 4/83, s. 29a. SIS transported the transmitter back to London on TREASURE's behalf; Mary Sherer (B1A), ‘Nathalie Sergueiew', 4 July 1944, TNA KV 2/466, s. 377a.

83
 Mary Sherer (B1A), ‘Nathalie Sergueiew', 4 July 1944, TNA KV 2/466, s. 377a.

84
 Masterman,
Double-Cross System
,
p. 161
.

85
 ‘Report on the Activities of the Security Service during May, 1944', 3 June 1944, TNA KV 4/83, s. 41a.

86
 ‘Report on the Activities of the Security Service during April, 1944', May 1944, TNA KV 4/83, s. 38a.

87
 ‘Report on the Activities of the Security Service during May, 1944', 3 June 1944, TNA KV 4/83, s. 41a.

88
 Mary Sherer (B1A), ‘Nathalie Sergueiew', 4 July 1944, TNA KV 2/466, s. 377a.

89
 Henceforth, however, Robertson considered it ‘out of the question' to include disinformation in TREASURE's radio messages to Lisbon which thus made no further contribution to FORTITUDE deceptions. Ibid.

90
 ‘Report on the Activities of the Security Service during May, 1944', 3 June 1944, TNA KV 4/83, s. 41a. Stafford,
Ten Days to D-Day
,
p. 204
.

91
 See above,
pp. 297
–
8
.