The Edward Snowden Affair (51 page)

¹⁰¹
Payne, Ed and Catherine Shoichet. “Morales challenges U.S. after Snowden rumor holds up plane in Europe.”
CNN
. July 5, 2013.
http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/04/world/americas/bolivia-morales-snowden/
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Weissenstain, Michael and Angela Charlton. “Evo Morales’ Snowden Plane Incident Infuriates Latin America.”
The Huffington Post
. July 4, 2013.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/04/bolivianpresidential-plane_n_3546460.html
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Davis, Carlo. “Bolivia Protest Descends On French Embassy To Express Anger Over Evo Morales Plane Diversion.”
The Huffington Post
. July 3, 2013.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/03/bolivia-protestersdescend-french-embassy_n_3541920.html
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Cf. 5.95

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The Guardian. “Evo Morales threatens to close US embassy in Bolivia as leaders weigh in.”
The Guardian
. July 4, 2013.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/05/bolivia-morales-close-usembassy
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Mallett-Outtrim, Ryan. “Venezuela’s Maduro Condemns ‘Violation of International Law’ Against Morales, Reiterates Support for Snowden at UNASUR Summit.”
Venezuelanalysis.com
. July 5, 2013.
http://venezuelanalysis.com/news/9811
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Ramos, Daniel. “Morales back in Bolivia after Plane drama over Snowden.”
Reuters
. July 4, 2013.
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/04/us-usa-security-snowden-idUSBRE9610C520130704
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Cf. 5.105

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Reuters
. “Latin American countries call summit over diversion of Evo Morales’s plane.”
Reuters
. July 4, 2013.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/bolivia/10158924/Latin-Americancountries-call-summit-over-diversion-of-Evo-Moraless-plane.html
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Cf. 5.106

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Cf. 5.106

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Macedonian International News Agency. “Bolivia considering closing US Embassy after plane incident.”
Macedonian International News Agency
. July 5, 2013.
http://macedoniaonline.eu/content/view/23624/53/
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Cf. 5.106

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Cf. 5.105

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Kraul, Chris, et al. “Venezuela, Nicaragua open their doors to NSA leaker Snowden.”
Los Angeles Times
. July 5, 2013.
http://articles.latimes.com/2013/jul/05/world/la-fg-wn-venezuela-nicaraguasnowden-20130705
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Watts, Jonathan. “Venezuela, Nicaragua and Bolivia offer asylum to Edward Snowden.”
The Guardian
. July 6, 2013.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/06/venezuela-nicaragua-offerasylum-edward-snowden
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Cf. 5.115

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Galeno, Luis. “Venezuela, Nicaragua offer asylum to NSA leaker Snowden.”
NBC News
. July 5, 2013.
http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/07/05/19309635-venezuela-nicaragua-offer-asylum-to-nsaleaker-snowden?lite
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Castillo, Mariano. “Bolivia latest country to offer asylum to Snowden.”
CNN
. July 6, 2013.
http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/06/world/americas/nsa-snowden-asylum
.

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Kurmanaev, Anatoly and Nathan Crooks. “Venezuela Leads Latin American Shelter Offers to Snowden.”
Bloomberg
. July 6, 2013.
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-07-06/venezuela-offers-asylum-to-us-fugitive-edward-snowden.html
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Vyas, Kejal and Jose de Cordoba. “Snowden Is Offered Asylum by Venezuela.”
The Wall Street Journal
. July 6, 2013.
http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323899704578588351612234478
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RT. “Kerry vows to put the screws to Venezuela over Snowden – report.”
RT
. July 19, 2013.
http://rt.com/news/kerry-threatensvenezuela-snowden-308/
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Cf. 5.120

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A Customs Brokerage. “The Generalized System of Preferences Has Expired as of July 31, 2013.”
A Customs Brokerage
. Aug. 19, 2013.
http://www.acustomsbrokerage.com/uncategorized/the-generalized-systemof-preferences-has-expired-as-of-july-31-2013/
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Ecuador Times. “Alvarado announces Ecuador’s resignation of the ATPDEA with the U.S.”
Ecuador Times
. June 27, 2013.
http://www.ecuadortimes.net/2013/06/27/alvarado-announces-ecuadors-resignation-of-the-atpdea-with-the-u-s/
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Kumar, Nikhil. “NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden offered asylum by Venezuela, Nicaragua and now Bolivia.”
The Independent
. July 6, 2013.
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/nsawhistleblower-edward-snowden-offered-asylum-by-venezuelanicaragua-and-now-bolivia-8691647.html
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Cf. 5.121

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The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. “The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol.”
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
. Dec. 16, 2013.
http://www.unhcr.org/4ec262df9.html
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Heritage, Timothy. “Analysis: Experts advise Snowden: fly commercial.”
Reuters
. July 12, 2013.
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/12/ususa-security-flights-options-analysis-idUSBRE96B0A820130712
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Robertson, Geoffrey. “Edward Snowden’s fear of flying is justified.”
The Guardian
. July 23, 2013.
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jul/23/snowden-asylum-america-international-law
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Wittmeyer, Alicia. “PassportMoscow to Caracas — the Scenic Route.”
Foreign Policy
. July 7, 2013.
http://blog.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/07/06/moscow_to_caracas_the_scenic_route
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Cf. 5.60

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Greenwald, Glenn and Roberto Casado. “EUA espionaram milhões de e-mails e ligações de brasileiros.”
OGlobo
. July 6, 2013.
http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/eua-espionaram-milhoes-de-mails-ligacoesde-brasileiros-8940934
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Greenwald, Glenn and Roberto Casado. “EUA expandem o aparato de vigilância continuamente.”
OGlobo
. July 6, 2013.
http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/eua-expandem-aparato-de-vigilanciacontinuamente-8941149
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Guttman, Boaz. “La CIA y la NSA espiaron mediante satélites desde Brasil & Slides.”
YouTube
. July 8, 2013.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kOAv7zbJkCk&hd=1
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Internet archive. X-Keyscore slides.
DocumentCloud
. Dec. 16, 2013.
http://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/743252/nsa-pdfs-redacteded.pdf
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Ofuxico. “Rede Globo se torna a 2ª maior emissora do mundo.”
DocumentCloud
. May, 11, 2012.
http://www.ofuxico.com.br/noticiassobre-famosos/rede-globo-se-torna-a-2-maior-emissora-do-mundo/2012/05/11-139187.html
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Cf. 5.135

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Kloc, Joe. “Unpublished NSA slides air on Brazilian television.”
Daily Dot
. July 25, 2013.
http://www.dailydot.com/news/nsa-fairview-slidesbrazil-spying/
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Barnes, Taylor. “America spies on Brazil too, Snowden leaks.”
Global Post
. July 8, 2013.
http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/americas/brazil/130709/us-spying-brazil-snowden-leaks
.

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Reuters
. “Brazil seeks U.S. response to alleged spying on citizens.”
Reuters
. July 7, 2013.
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/07/usbrazil-espionage-snowden-idUSBRE9660ER20130707
.

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Greenwald, Glenn and Ewen MacAskill. “Boundless Informant: the NSA’s secret tool to track global surveillance data.”
The Guardian
. June (8) 11, 2013.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/08/nsaboundless-informant-global-datamining
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¹⁴³
Watts, Jonathan. “Brazil demands explanation from US over NSA spying.”
The Guardian
. July 8, 2013.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/08/brazil-demands-explanation-nsa-spying
.

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BBC News Brazil. “EUA não responderão publicamente a Brasil sobre espionage.”
BBC
. July 8, 2013.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/portuguese/noticias/2013/07/130708_brasil_snowden_dg.shtml?ocid=socialflow_twitter_brasil
.

¹⁴⁵
Cf. 5.60

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McCullagh, Declan. “Wikileaks editor skips NYC hacker event.”
CNet
. July 17, 2010.
http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-20010866-83.html
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McCullagh, Declan. “DOJ sends order to Twitter for WikiLeaks-related account info.”
CNet
. Jan. 7, 2011.
http://news.cnet.com/8301-31921_320027893-281.html
.

¹⁴⁸
Rich, Nathaniel. “The American Wikileaks Hacker.”
Rolling Stone
. Dec. 1, 2010.
http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/meet-theamerican-hacker-behind-wikileaks-20101201
.

¹⁴⁹
Cf. 5.12

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Poitras, Laura and Jacob Appelbaum. “Edward Snowden Interview: The NSA and Its Willing Helpers.”
Der Spiegel
. July 8, 2013.
http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/interview-with-whistlebloweredward-snowden-on-global-spying-a-910006.html
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¹⁵¹
Symantec. W32.Stuxnet profile.
Symantec
. July 13, 2010.
http://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2010-0714003123-99
.

¹⁵²
Kiley, Sam. “Super Virus A Target For Cyber Terrorists.”
Sky News
. Nov. 25, 2010.
http://news.sky.com/story/820902/super-virus-a-targetfor-cyber-terrorists
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¹⁵³
Pop, Valentina. “Germany defends intelligence co-operation with US.”
EUObserver
. July 8, 2013.
http://euobserver.com/foreign/120795
.

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Cf. 5.153

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Poitras, Laura and Glenn Greenwald. “Edward Snowden: ‘The US government will say I aided our enemies’ – video interview.”
The Guardian
. July 8, 2013.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2013/jul/08/edward-snowden-video-interview
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Kaz, Roverto and Jose Casado. “NSA e CIA mantiveram em Brasília equipe para coleta de dados filtrados de satélite.”
OGlobo
. July 8, 2013.
http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/nsa-cia-mantiveram-em-brasiliaequipe-para-coleta-de-dados-filtrados-de-satelite-8949723
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Cf. 5.79

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Cf. 5.79

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Greenwald, Glenn and Roberto Casado. “Espionagem dos EUA se espalhou pela América Latina.”
OGlobo
. July 9, 2013.
http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/espionagem-dos-eua-se-espalhou-pelaamerica-latina-8966619
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RT. “NSA spied on Latin America for energy and military intel.”
RT
. July 10, 2013.
http://rt.com/news/nsa-latin-america-spying-867/
.

¹⁶¹
Forero, Juan. “Paper reveals NSA ops in Latin America.”
The Washington Post
. July 9, 2013.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/paper-reveals-nsa-ops-in-latin-america/2013/07/09/eff0cc7e-e8e3-11e2-818e-aa29e855f3ab_print.html
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Cf. 5.161

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Fisher, Max. “Here’s the Russian official’s now-deleted tweet saying Snowden accepted asylum in Venezuela.”
The Washington Post
. July 9, 2010.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/07/09/heres-the-russian-officials-now-deleted-tweet-saying-snowdenaccepted-asylum-in-venezuela/
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Fitzpatrick, Alex. “Russian Lawmaker Deletes Snowden Asylum Tweet.”
Mashable
. July 9, 2013.
http://mashable.com/2013/07/09/russiandeletes-snowden-tweet/
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RT. “Tweet delete: Russian MP ‘Snowden to Venezuela’ post adds to confusion.”
RT
. July 9, 2013.
http://rt.com/news/snowden-venezuelaasylum-request-844/
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WikiLeaks. Organization’s Twitter account.
Twitter
. July 9, 2013.
https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/354700693287870465
.

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Microsoft Corporation. “Security features in Outlook.com.”
Microsoft Corporation
. Dec. 16, 2013.
http://www.microsoft.com/security/pcsecurity/webmail.aspx
.

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Skype. “Skype Privacy Policy.”
Skype
. Dec. 16, 2013.
http://www.skype.com/en/legal/privacy/
.

¹⁶⁹
Bamford, James.
The Puzzle Palace: Inside the National Security Agency, America’s Most Secret Intelligence Organization
. New York: Penguin, 1983. 28-9.

¹⁷⁰
Cf. 5.60

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RT. “Snowden wants asylum in Russia, ready to meet condition not to damage US (VIDEO).”
RT
. July 12, 2013.
http://rt.com/news/snowden-meets-rights-activists-013/
.

¹⁷²
The Huffington Post. “Edward Snowden WikiLeaks Statement Sparks Doubts Of Authenticity On Twitter.”
The Huffington Post
. July 1, 2013.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/01/edward-snowdenwikileaks-statement_n_3530837.html
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