The First Ladies of Rome: The Women Behind the Caesars (76 page)

Alamanni, 277

Alaric, 289, 290, 294

Alban hills, 31

Alexander (Severus Alexander), 243, 244–6, 249

Alexander the Alabarch, 160

Alexander the Great, 34, 195, 203, 238

Alexander Helios, 36

Alexandria, 36, 37, 41, 43, 44, 103, 163, 203, 239

Alexianus
see
Julius Avitus Alexianus

Alfidia, 13

Altmann of Hautvillers, 255

Ambrose, Bishop, 250, 269–70, 280

Ambrosian library, Milan, 207

Amenophis, pharoah, 187

Amphitrite, 34

Anastasios, 309

Anastasius IV, Pope, 272

Andromeda, 64

Anicetus, 150, 151, 152

Annia Cornificia, 207

Annia Faustina, 242

Annia Galeria Faustina, 204, 206, 209–10

Annii family, 206

Annius Verus, 206

Anthemius, 291

Antinoopolis, 203

Antinous, 187, 202–3

Antioch, 106, 163, 238, 240, 241, 242, 246, 253, 283 battle of, 223

Antiochus, 291, 292

Antium, 29–30, 31, 121

Antonia Maior, 24

Antonia Minor

childhood, 24, 94

marries Drusus, 75, 94

does not remarry after death of Drusus, 94–5

domestic life and responsibilities, 95–6

property owned by, 95, 119–20

treatment of Claudius, 96, 97

portraits of, 98, 99

inscriptions dedicated to, 103

and funeral of Germanicus, 107, 109

praised in
Senatus Consultum de Cn. Pisone patre
, 109

warns Tiberius about conspiracy, 117

and Livilla’s death, 117–18

awarded honours, 122, 125

death, 124

and Julius Agrippa, 160

brief references, 33, 51, 83, 87, 104, 123, 138, 146, 148, 149, 168, 170, 176, 240, 255, 260, 311

Antoninus, 209, 211

Antoninus Pius (Aurelius Antoninus), 74, 188, 189, 204, 206, 208, 209–10, 211

Antony, Mark

opposes and defeats Brutus and Cassius, 11–12

clashes with Octavian, 12, 19, 22, 36

supported by Tiberius Claudius Nero, 13, 19

and Fulvia, 19–20

pact with Octavian at Brundisium, 23–4, 36

marries Octavia, 23–4

relationship with Cleopatra, 24, 34–6, 37, 41

deal with Sextus Pompeius, 25

agreement at Tarentum, 33, 34

coinage, 33–4, 39, 41

leaves Italy without Octavia, 34

invasion of Parthia fails, 36

refuses to allow Octavia to join him, 37

Octavian’s portrayal of, 37, 41

military success against Armenia, 41

and Donations of Alexandria, 41

letters to Octavian, 41–2

stories about his gluttony and wastefulness, 42

divorces Octavia, 43

contents of will made public, 43

war with Octavian, 43–4

defeated at Actium, 12, 35, 44

final defeat by Octavian, 44

death, 44

Cleopatra commits suicide at tomb of, 45

brief references, 16, 21, 26, 27, 38, 40, 46, 57, 58, 81, 86, 94, 103, 139, 141, 149, 171, 173, 255, 258

Aphrodisias, 54, 142–3, 308–9

Aphrodite, 142

Apicata, 117

Apocolocyntosis
, 135

Apollo, 33, 48, 250–1

Apollo Belvedere, 1

Appian Way, 20, 49, 87, 120

Appius Claudius, 80–1

Appius Silanus, 129, 130

Apronia, 105

Aquileia, 74, 213, 253, 256, 300, 301

Ara Pacis, 73–4, 75

Ara Pudicitia, 194

Ara Ubiorum, 120

Arabia, 190

Arcadia, 291

Arcadius (emperor), 282, 284, 285, 286, 287, 289, 291, 292, 302

Arcadius (son of Theodosius II), 302

Arch of the Argentarii, Rome, 216–17, 232, 233, 237

Arch of Titus, Rome, 166

Archelais, 89

Archelaus of Cappadocia, 91

Ardaburius, 300

Ardashir, 245–6

Areus, 198

Argentocoxus, 234

Ariadne, 309

Arianism, 280

Arius, 280

Armenia, 41, 78, 83, 96, 145, 190

Arneae, 134

Arrecina Tertulla, 171

Arsinoite district, 95

Artabanus, 245

Artagira, 83

asceticism, 259, 260, 261, 280

Asclepiodotus, 299

Asia Minor, 89, 185, 200

Asiaticus (Valerius Asiaticus), 131, 141

Aspar, 300, 304, 308

Athaulf, 294, 295, 296, 310, 312

Athenais (later known as Eudocia)
see
Eudocia (Aelia Eudocia; formerly Athenais)

Athenais (craftswoman), 95

Athens, 34, 36, 37, 161, 198, 220, 279, 299

Epicurean school of philosophy, 197–8, 230

Atia, 3, 17, 24, 26

Atticus, 29, 31, 34, 52

Atticus, Bishop, 292, 298, 299, 304

Attila, 309, 310, 311

Auctus, 50

Augusta, Dowager Princess of Wales, 116

Augustus (formerly known as Octavian) fights and defeats Brutus and Cassius, 11–12

clashes with Antony, 12, 19, 22, 36

poem about Fulvia, 20

pact with Antony at Brundisium, 23–4, 36

and marriage of Octavia and Antony, 23–4

deal with Sextus Pompeius, 25

first marriage to Claudia, 26

marries and divorces Scribonia, 26

marries Livia, 26–8

confiscates house of Hortensius, 29

defeats Sextus Pompeius, 30, 37

agreement with Antony at Tarentum, 33

public image of himself and his family, 35, 37–8, 39, 40, 46, 49, 50–1

ousts Lepidus, 37

portrayal of Antony, 37, 41

Antony writes letters referring to affairs of, 41–2

obtains Antony’s will and makes it public, 43

at war with Egypt, 43–4

victory at Actium, 12, 35, 44

defeats Antony, 44

becomes emperor, 45

lifestyle, 47–8, 49

and female education, 52

tours empire with Livia, 53–5

and Livia’s role, 54–5, 56, 74, 76

records his private conversations, 55–6

marital relationship, 56–7

marriage with Livia remains childless, 58

and the succession, 58, 83, 99

building projects in Rome, 58–60, 77

and death of Marcellus, 61, 63

and Julia’s marriage to Agrippa, 63–4

has reservations about luxury mansions, 65–6

legislation, 67–8

has problems with Julia, 69, 70, 71, 72, 78–9

and Julia’s marriage to Tiberius, 72–3

and death of Octavia, 73

rift with Tiberius, 78

celebrations to dedicate Forum of Augustus, 79

disowns Julia, 79–80

sends Julia into exile, 80

permits Julia to return to mainland, 81

allows Tiberius to return to Rome, 82

last journey, 83–4

death, 84–5

mutiny sparked by his death, 100

will, 88–9

deification, 90

and decisions about Claudius, 96–7

Agrippina Maior a favourite of, 99

Domitian portrays himself as political heir of, 177

brief references, 2, 6, 7, 8, 16, 17, 31, 34, 86, 94, 100, 111, 112, 114, 118, 119, 125, 131, 137, 141, 142, 167, 168, 170, 183, 198, 222, 225, 232, 253, 255, 258, 259, 286

Aulus Caecina Severus, 101–2

Aunes, 95

Aurelia Sabina, 213

Aurelian, 249, 250

Avidius Cassius, 212, 213, 214

Avitus (husband of Julia Maesa)
see
Julius Avitus

Alexianus

Avitus (later known as Elagabulus)
see
Elagabulus

Baetica, 107, 190, 206

Baiae, 21, 119, 120, 131, 150, 151, 205, 245

Balbilla (Julia Balbilla), 187, 188, 202, 203, 204, 227

Balkans, 75, 213, 289

bar Kokhba, Simon, 204

Barcelona, 295, 296, 310

Barrett Browning, Elizabeth, 300

Bassianus (son of Julia Mamaea), 241, 242

Bassianus (son of Septimius Severus)
see
Caracalla

Bauli, 119–20, 149, 151, 155

Bay of Naples, 119

beauty treatments, 71–2

Beckford, William, 116

Beirut, 162

Beneventum, 83, 84

Berenice I of Judaea, 95, 96, 159, 160

Berenice (mistress of Titus), 4–5, 158–9, 160, 161–4, 166, 170, 171–2, 173–4, 174–5, 176, 185–6, 218

Berlin: National Museums, 223

Berlin tondo, 223–4, 237

Bethlehem, 267

Church of the Nativity, 267