Read The First Ladies of Rome: The Women Behind the Caesars Online
Authors: Annelise Freisenbruch
Tags: #History, #General
Justina, 278, 279–80, 281, 282, 284
Justinian, 313
Justus, 162
Juvenal, 127, 128, 134, 172, 173, 179, 183
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, 93
Lactantius, 257
Laeta, 286
Laetus, 222
Laocoön, 1
laurel, 32–3, 47
Leake, Colonel William, 263
leges Iuliae
(Julian laws), 67–8, 76, 168, 177
Leo I, emperor, 313
Leo I, Pope, 309–10
Leontius, 299
Lepcis Magna, 98, 99, 115, 134, 219, 231, 232, 237
Lepidus (Marcus Lepidus; triumvir), 11–12, 19, 23, 34, 37
Lepidus (Marcus Lepidus; Drusilla’s ex-husband), 124
Lesbos, 66, 104, 203
Lex Voconia
, 89, 177
Liarus, 95
Libanius, 296
Libya, 245
Licinia Eudoxia, 300, 302, 305, 306, 308, 313
Licinius, 257, 258, 262, 265
Lincoln, Mary, 8
Lipari, 233, 238
Livia
contrasting views about, 6
life prior to her marriage to Octavian (later Augustus), 11, 12–13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18–19, 22, 23, 25
marries Octavian, 26–8
and social events, 30, 31
house at Prima Porta, 31–3
and laurel, 32–3, 47
public image as wife of Augustus, 37–9, 40, 48–9, 50
honours granted to, 38–9
portraits, 40, 73, 92–3
Cleopatra seeks goodwill of, 44
receives no official title when Augustus comes to power, 45–6
and house on the Palatine, 47–8
lifestyle, 48–9, 50
staff, 49–50, 65
accompanies Augustus on tour of empire, 53–5
role, 54–6, 57–8, 74
marital relationship, 56–7
marriage with Augustus remains childless, 58
and death of Marcellus, 61–2
medical recipes, 62–3
relationship with Octavia, 63
and success of her sons, 75
and death of Drusus, 75–6
statues in recognition of her contribution as mother, 76
and public building projects in Rome, 76–8
and decision of Tiberius to withdraw to Rhodes, 78
and Tiberius’s return to Rome, 82
accompanies Augustus on his last journey, 83
and death of Augustus, 84–5
and will of Augustus, 88–9
role and prominence in reign of Tiberius, 88–94, 108
supervision of children’s upbringing, 95–6
letter from Augustus concerning Claudius, 96–7
and Claudius, 97, 98
relationship with Agrippina Maior, 104
friendship with Salome, 104–5
friendship with Urgulania, 105
and Plancina, 106, 107, 108, 117
and funeral of Germanicus, 109
deteriorating relationship with Tiberius, 88, 110–12
death and funeral, 113–14
deification vetoed by Tiberius, 114
continuing importance of, 114–15
fate of Agrippina after death of, 115–16
Tiberius’s reign worsens after death of, 117
deification, 115, 125
Claudius grants honours to, 125
brief references, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 35, 41, 60, 70, 80, 81, 87, 99, 127, 137, 138, 142, 144, 146, 165, 166, 170, 173, 176, 178, 189, 191, 193, 196, 198, 214, 218, 225, 232, 236, 238, 245, 249, 253, 268, 277, 279, 282, 286, 298, 308, 314
Livia Orestilla, 123
Livian family, 13, 28
Livilla, 75, 83, 94, 97, 100, 104, 109–10, 117–18, 120, 159, 311
Lochias, 50
Locusta, 142, 147
Lollia Paulina, 123, 131, 136, 141, 173
Lollia Saturnina, 131
London, 315
National Gallery, 271
Louis XIV, King, 158
Lucilla, 211, 212, 213, 215
Lucius (brother of Mark Antony), 19, 22, 36
Lucius (son of Julia), 66, 72–3, 74, 78, 82, 83
Lucius Aelius Lamia, 170
Lucius Aelius Sejanus
see
Sejanus
Lucius Calpurnius Piso, 105
Lucius Verus (Lucius Ceionius Commodus, later Lucius Aurelius Commodus), 204, 206, 210–11, 212, 213, 214
Lucretia, 20, 21, 22, 40, 46, 240, 259
Lucrine Lake, 31
Macarius, Bishop of Jerusalem, 269
Macaulay, Catherine, 29
Macellum Liviae, 77
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 188
Macrinus (Opellius Macrinus), 239–40, 241, 242, 246
Macro, 160
Macrobius:
Saturnalia
, 69, 70, 79
Maecenas, 57, 64, 69
Maesa (Julia Maesa), 217, 220, 227, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 280
Magnentius (Magnus Magnentius), 277, 278, 279
Magnus Maximus, 283–4
Mai, Angelo, 207
Malalas, John, 299
Mamaea (Julia Mamaea), 217, 241, 243, 244, 245, 246, 249, 280
Mancini, Marie, 158
Mankiewicz, Joseph L., 35
Marcellus (Octavia’s son), 51, 58, 60–2, 63, 73, 84, 94, 97, 109
Marcellus (senator), 174
Marcellus (Gaius Claudius Marcellus), 24, 58
Marcia, 215, 222
Marcia Furnilla, 171
Marcian, 308–9, 311
Marciana (Ulpia Marciana), 192–3, 194, 195
Marcomanni, 213
Marcus Aurelius
birth and childhood, 206
adopted by Antoninus Pius, 204, 206
Faustina betrothed to, 206
takes up residence on the Palatine, 207
correspondence with Fronto, 207, 208, 209, 212, 214
relationship with his mother Domitia Lucilla, 207
marries Faustina, 208
birth of children, 208–9, 212
honours adoptive parents, 210
becomes co-emperor with Lucius Verus, 210–11
reign of, 211–12, 213
and Lucilla’s marriages, 212, 213
and Faustina’s death, 214, 263
death, 214
Meditatations
, 208, 210
Septimius Severus strives to link himself with, 224–5
brief references, 2, 97, 113, 188, 189, 219, 222
Marcus Julius Alexander, 160, 161
Marcus Lepidus
see
Lepidus
Marcus Livius Drusus, 13
Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus, 13
Marcus Salvius Otho
see
Otho
Marcus Verrius Flaccus, 52–3
Marcus Vinicius, 129
Maria, 286, 287–8, 312
Marie Antoinette, 4, 133, 155
Marina, 291
Marina Severa, 278, 279
Mark Antony
see
Antony, Mark
marriage, 13–16, 259, 260
legislation, 67–8, 259–60
Mars the Avenger, temple of, Rome, 79
Marseilles, 83
Mary, Virgin, 259, 298, 304
Mary Queen of Scots, 4
Matidia Minor, 193, 200, 212, 288
mausoleum of Augustus (Julio-Claudian family mausoleum), Rome, 59, 61, 73, 81, 84, 114, 122, 165, 240
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, 275–6
mausoleum of Hadrian, Rome, 205, 240
Maxentius, 255, 257
Maximian, 252, 254, 255, 256, 257
Maximinus Daia, 255, 257, 258
Maximinus Thrax, 246
Maximus (Magnus Maximus), 283–4
Medea, 62, 212
medicines, 62–3
Melania the Elder, 268
Melania the Younger, 268, 292, 305–6
Menophilus, 50
Mesopotamia, 190, 195
Messalina, 2, 126–8, 129, 130, 131, 132–5, 137, 141, 148, 151–2, 154, 170, 184, 218, 314
Metellus (Caecilius Metellus), 59, 60
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 64
Milan, 253, 258, 275, 279, 283, 284, 285
Ambrosian library, 207
Milonia Caesonia
see
Caesonia
Milvian Bridge, battle of, 257
Minerva, 150, 153, 177, 194
Minervina, 256, 265
Mnester, 131
Monte Citorio, 210
Monteverdi, Claudio:
L’incoronazione di Poppea
, 154
Monumentum Liviae
, 49–50, 91, 95, 113, 173
Monza, cathedral of, 287
Mount of Olives, 267, 306
Mucia Tertia, 55
Mucianus, 166
Munatia Plancina
see
Plancina
Museo del Palazzo dei Conservatori, Rome, 205
Museo Nazionale, Naples, 64
Museo Nazionale, Rome, 32, 39–40
Mutilia Prisca, 110
Mytilene, 139
Naissus, 251
Naples, 11, 22, 152
Bay of, 119
Museo Nazionale, 64
Napoleon III, 48
Narbonne, 294
Narcissus, 130, 132, 136, 140–1, 147
National Gallery, London, 271
National Museums, Berlin, 223
Naulochus, battle of, 30, 37
Nelson, Admiral, 116
Nemausus, 190
Neptune, 34
Nero
birth, 121, 156
reunited with his mother Agrippina Minor, 126
at Saecular Games, 130, 136
Seneca is placed in charge of education of, 138
adopted by Claudius, 138
marries Claudia Octavia, 138