37
Madden, ‘Fires of Constantinople’, 84—5.
CHAPTER FOURTEEN
THE SACK OF CONSTANTINOPLE, APRIL 1204
2
Innocent III,
Sources,
107.
5
Nicholas Mesarites, translated in: Brand,
Byzantium Confronts the West,
269.
6
Buckton,
Treasury of San Marco, Venice.
8
Anonymous of Soissons,
Sources,
235—7.
10
Longnon,
Les Compagnons de Villehardouin,
179—80;
Michelin Green Guide
—
Northern France and Paris Region,
351.
13
Nicholas Mesarites in: Brand,
Byzantium Confronts the West,
269.
19
Nicholas Mesarites in: Brand,
Byzantium Confronts the West,
269.
22
Innocent III,
Sources,
107.
23
For these figures, see the detailed analysis in Queller and Madden,
Fourth Crusade,
294—5.
24
DC,
Sources,
221; GV, 93—5.
28
Innocent III,
Sources,
107.
29
This is a conflation of the reports of Villehardouin and Robert of Clari. RC, 115; GV, 96.
33
Innocent III,
Sources,
100.
34
Innocent III,
Sources,
105.
35
Innocent III,
Sources,
107.
36
Innocent III,
Sources,
112.
40
Harris, ‘Distortion, Divine Providence and Genre in Niketas Choniates’s Account of the Collapse of Byzantium, 1180—1204’.
41
Nicholas Mesarites, in: Brand,
Byzantium Confronts the West,
269.
CHAPTER FIFTEEN
THE END OF THE FOURTH CRUSADE AND THE EARLY YEARS OF THE LATIN EMPIRE, 1204—5
2
Brand,
Byzantium Confronts the West,
19; Tafel and Thomas,
Urkunden,
I, 513.
10
Galbert of Bruges,
Murder of Count Charles the Good,
tr. Ross, 251—2.
11
GV, 109; NC, 334; RC, 124.
12
In 1209 or 1210 Alexius III was ransomed by Michael, the Greek ruler of Epirus, who sent him to the Seljuk court at Konya. Theodore Lascaris, the Byzantine ruler of Nicaea, captured him in 1211 and had him placed in a monastery until his death a year or so later. Lock, The
Franks in the Aegean,
70, n.4.
13
Longnon, Les
compagnons de Villehardouin,
105.
14
Longnon,
Les compagnons de Villehardouin,
114.
16
GV, 115; NC, 336; Longnon,
Les compagnons de Villehardouin,
195—7.
18
Phillips,
Defenders of the Holy Land, passim.
19
Innocent III,
Sources,
147.
24
Walter the Chancellor,
The Antiochene Wars,
161.
25
In 811 Krum of Bulgaria had executed Nicephorus I of Byzantium and used his skull as a drinking vessel.
26
Wolff, ‘Baldwin of Flanders and Hainault’, 289—301.
27
Sayers,
Innocent III,
91—3, 185—6.
28
Innocent III,
Sources,
114, 116—17.
29
Daniel, ‘Joachim of Fiore: Patterns of History in the Apocalyse’; Andrea, ‘Innocent III, the Fourth Crusade and the Coming Apocalypse’. See also: McGinn,
Visions of the End: Apocalyptic Traditions in the Middle Ages,
126—41.
30
Innocent III,
Sources,
135.
32
Innocent III,
Sources,
139.
33
Innocent III,
Sources,
166.
34
Innocent III,
Sources,
166.
35
Innocent III,
Sources,
173.
36
Gerald of Wales,
Journey through Wales,
170.
37
Innocent III, Sources, 176.
CHAPTER SIXTEEN
THE FATE OF THE LATIN EMPIRE, 1206—61
1
The best accounts of the history of the Latin Empire are: Lock,
The Franks in the Aegean, 1204-1500;
Jacoby, ‘The Latin Empire of Constantinople and the Frankish States of Greece’,
New Cambridge Medieval History, c.1198—
c. 1300, V, ed. Abulafia, 525—42; Harris,
Byzantium and the Crusades,
163—82; Setton,
The Papacy and the Levant,
I, 1—105. The most important primary sources are: GV, 98—160; Henry of Valenciennes,
Histoire de l’empereur Henri de Constantinople,
ed. Longnon.
2
Phillips,
Crusades, 1095—1197,
40—51.
3
From Barber, ‘Western Attitudes to Frankish Greece’, 122.
4
Nicholas,
Medieval Flanders,
150—61.
5
The archbishop’s letter is in: Röhricht, ‘Amalrich I, König von Jerusalem (1162-74)’, 489-91.
6
Innocent III, from: Barber, ‘Western Attitudes to Frankish Greece,’ 113.
7
Barber, ‘Western Attitudes to Frankish Greece’, 116.
8
Barber, ‘Western Attitudes to Frankish Greece, 123—4.
9
Weiss,
Art and Crusade in the Age of Saint Louis,
11—74.
10
Harris,
Byzantium and the Crusades,
170.
11
Jacoby, ‘Knightly Values and Class Consciousness in the Crusader States of the Eastern Mediterranean’, 158—86.
12
Harris,
Byzantium and the Crusades,
173—4.
13
Housley,
The Later Crusades,
80—117.
AFTERWORD
1
Odo of Deuil,
Journey of Louis VII,
57. On closer examination, even Odo can display a more rounded view of the Greek character. See: Phillips, ‘Odo of Deuil’s
De profectione Ludovici VII in Orientem
as a Source for the Second Crusade’.
2
NC, 167, although this more flowing translation is from Hussey,
Cambridge Medieval History,
IV, Pt ii, 81.
3
Queller,
Latin Conquest of Constantinople,
19—54.
5
Evergates, Aristocratic Women in the County of Champagne’, 80—5.
6
For some of the early stages of this, see: Riley-Smith, ‘Family Traditions and Participation in the Second Crusade’.
7
Angold, ‘The Road to 1204: The Byzantine Background to the Fourth Crusade’.
8
Harris,
Byzantium and the Crusades,
129, 147—8.
9
Roger of Howden,
Chronica,
II, 166. Translation from:
Annals of Roger de Hoveden,
I, 490.
10
Innocent III,
Sources,
187.
11
Siberry,
New Crusaders,
161—74.
12
Raimbaut of Vaqueiras,
Poems,
228.
Bibliography
F
OR REASONS OF accessibility, the emphasis throughout this book is on material translated into English. For texts in the original language, consult the references for each particular work below.
PRIMARY SOURCES
Alberic of Trois-Fontaines, ‘Chronicle’,
Contemporary Sources for the Fourth Crusade,
tr. A. J. Andrea, Leiden, 2000, 291—309
Albert of Aachen, ‘Historia’,
Recueil des historiens des croisades: Historiens occidentaux,
5 vols. Paris, 1844—95, IV, 265—713
Anonymous of Soissons, ‘Concerning the Land of Jerusalem and the Means by Which Relics were Carried to This Church from the City of Constantinople’,
Contemporary Sources for the Fourth Crusade,
tr. A. J. Andrea, Leiden, 2000, 223—38
Archbishop of Nazareth, letter of 1204, in Amalrich I, König von Jerusalem (1162—74),
Mittheilungen
des
Instituts für Oesterreichische Geschichtsforschung
12 (1891), 432—93
Beha ad-Din,
The Rare and Excellent History of Saladin,
tr. D. S. Richards, Aldershot, 2001