The Grand Turk: Sultan Mehmet II - Conqueror of Constantinople and Master of an Empire (41 page)

216 ‘was deposed by…’, Freely,
Istanbul, the Imperial City
, p. 219

219 I myself have often …, ibid., p. 189

219 ‘The
türbe
’, ibid.

219 ‘The sepulchre of her…’, ibid.

219 ‘I entered with veneration …’, ibid.

221 ‘he left in Ottoman …’, Sumner-Boyd,
The Seven Hills of Istanbul
, p. 950

221 ‘a man of the wisest …’, Kritoboulos, p. 88

223 ‘wholly new’, Sumner-Boyd,
The Seven Hills of Istanbul
, p. 573

224 Muhammed caused him …, Miller,
The Palace School of Muhammad the Conqueror
, p. 42

225 By the grace of God …, Necipoğlu, pp. 335-6

Glossary

The following are some Turkish words and technical terms in architecture that are used in the text. Turkish words enclosed in parenthesis are the form that they take when they are modified by a preceding noun; e.g. Yeni Cami = the New Mosque, whereas Sultan Ahmet Camii = the Mosque of Sultan Ahmet.

Ağa
: title given to the chief black and white eunuchs and the commander of

the janissaries

bayram
: religious holiday

bedesten
: multi-domed building, usually in the centre of a Turkish market, where

valuable goods are stored and sold

beylerbey
: governor general

beylik
: Türkmen principality

büyük
: big

cadde
(
caddesi
): avenue

cami
(
camii
): mosque

caravanserai
: Turkish inn for travellers

çarşı
(
çarşısı
): market

çeşme
(
çeşmesi
): Turkish fountain

darüşşifa
: Ottoman hospital

dershane
: lecture hall of an Islamic school of theology

devşirme
: periodic levy of Christian youths inducted into the Ottoman army

divan
: a type of Turkish and Persian poetry

Divan
: the Imperial Council

eski
: old

gazi
: warrior for the Islamic faith

grand vezir
: the sultan’s chief minister

hamam
(
hamamı
): Turkish bath

han
(
hanı
): Turkish commercial building; an inner-city caravanserai

harem
: women’s quarters in an Ottoman home or palace

hisar
(
hisarı
): Turkish fortress or castle

imam
: cleric who presides over public prayers in a mosque

imaret
: refectory or public kitchen of a mosque

janissary
: member of the elite corps of the Ottoman army

kapı
(
kapısı
): gate or door

kadı
: judge

kapıcı
: gatekeeper or guard

köşk
(
köşkü
): kiosk

küçük
: little

kule
: tower

külliye
(
külliyesi
): Ottoman religious complex, usually consisting of a mosque and

its associated pious and philanthropic foundations

kütüphane
(
kütüphanesi
): library

medrese
(
medresesi
): Islamic school of theology

mektep
(
mektebi
): primary school

mescit
(
mescidi
): small mosque

mihrab
: niche in a mosque indicating the direction of Mecca

mimber
: pulpit in a mosque:

müezzin
: cleric who chants the responses to the prayers of the imam in a

mosque and who makes the call to prayer from the minaret

minaret
: tower from which the imam makes the call to prayer

oda
(
odası
): room or chamber

pasha
: a title given to generals, vezirs and governors general

pazar
(
pazarı
): bazaar

şadırvan
: ablution fountain in a mosque courtyard

sancak
: subdivision of a province

sancakbey
: governor of a
sancak

saray
(
sarayı
): Turkish palace

selamlık
: men’s quarters in an Ottoman home or palace

sipahi
: member of the feudal cavalry

şeyhülislam
: head of the Islamic religious hierarchy in the Ottoman Empire

sokak
(
sokağı
): street

tabhane
: hospice, often for itinerant dervishes

tekke
(
tekkesi
): dervish lodge

timarhane
: insane asylum

türbe
(
türbesi
): tomb

ulema
: member of the learned class, educated in Islamic law

vezir
: one of the sultan’s ministers

yeni
: new

The Ottoman Dynasty

Osman Gazi (c. 1282-1326)

Orhan Gazi (1326-62)

Murat I (1362-89)

Beyazit I (1389-1402)

Interregnum

Mehmet I (1413-21)

Murat II (1421-44, 1446-51)

Mehmet II (1444-6, 1451-81)

Beyazit II (1481-1512)

Selim I (1512-20)

Süleyman I, the Magnificent (1520-66)

Selim II (1566-74)

Murat III (1574-95)

Mehmet III (1595-1603)

Ahmet I (1603-17)

Mustafa I (1st reign) (1617-18)

Osman II (1618-22)

Mustafa I (2nd reign) (1622-3)

Murat IV (1623-40)

Ibrahim (1640-8)

Mehmet IV (1648-87)

Süleyman II (1687-91)

Ahmet II (1691-5)

Mustafa II (1695-1703)

Ahmet III (1703-30)

Mahmut I (1730-54)

Osman III (1754-7)

Mustafa III (1757-74)

Abdül Hamit I (1774-89)

Selim III (1789-1807)

Mustafa IV (1807-8)

Mahmut II (1808-39)

Abdül Mecit I (1839-61)

Abdül Aziz (1861-76)

Murat V (1876)

Abdül Hamit II (1876-1909)

Mehmet V Reşat (1909-18)

Mehmet VI Vahidettin (1918-22)

Abdül Mecit (II) (caliph only) (1922-4)

Bibliography

Alderson, A. D.,
The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty
, Oxford, 1956

Angiolello, Giovanni-Maria,
Breve narrazione della Vita e fatti del sig. Ussun-Cassano ré di Persia
, in G.B. Ramusio,
Navagationi et Viaggi
, vol. II, English trans. in
A Narrative of Italian Travels in Persia
, London, 1873

_________,
Historia Turchesa
(1300-1514), ed. I. Ursu., Bucharest, 1909

Babinger, Franz,
Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time
, trans. Ralph Manheim, ed. William C. Hickman, Princeton, NJ, 1978

Barbaro, Josafa and Ambrogio Contarini,
Travels to Tana and Persia
, trans. W. Thomas and S. A. Roy, ed. Lord Stanley of Alderly, London, 1873, reprint New York, 1963

Barbaro, Nicolo,
Diary of the Siege of Constantinople
, trans. J. R. Jones, New York, 1969

Bearman, P.J., T. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs (eds),
The Encyclopedia of Islam
, 2nd edn, 12 vols, Leiden, 1960-2005

Bisaha, Nancy,
Creating East and West
:
Remaissance Humanists and the Ottoman Turks
, Philadelphia, 2004

Brockman, Eric,
The Two Sieges of Rhodes
,
1480-1512
, London, 1969

Brotton, Jerry,
Trading Territories: Mapping the Early Modern World
, Ithaca, NY, 2002

________,
The Renaissance Bazaar: From the Silk Road to Michelangelo
, Oxford, 2002

Brown, Horatio F.,
Venice: An Historical Sketch of the Republic
, London, 1893

Browning, R., ‘A Note on the Capture of Constantinople in 1453’,
Byzantion
, 22 (1952), pp. 379-87

Bryer, A. and H. Lowry (eds),
Continuity and Change in Late Byzantine and Early Ottoman Society
:
Papers Given at a Symposium at Dumbarton Oaks in May 1982
, Birmingham, AL, 1986, pp. 123-38

Cahen, Claude,
Pre-Ottoman Turkey
, London, 1968

________,
The Formation of Turkey: The Seljukid Sultanate of Rum, Eleventh to Fourteenth Century
, trans. and ed. P. M. Holt, Harlow, 2001

Cantemir, Dimitrie,
The History of the Growth and Decay of the Othman Empire
, trans. M. Tindal, London, 1734-5

Caoursin, Guillaume,
Obsidionia Rhodiae Urbis Descriptio
, Venice, 1480; trans. John Kaye, London, 1496, under the title
The Delectable newess & Tithyngs of the Gloryoos Victorye of the Rhodyns Agaynst the Turke

Chew, Samuel C.,
The Crescent and the Rose: Islam and England during the Renaissance
, New York, 1937

Çırakman, Aslı,
From the ‘Terror of the World’ to the ‘Sick Man of Europe’: European Images of Ottoman Society from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries
, New York, 2002

Coles, Paul,
The Ottoman Impact on Europe
, London, 1968

Commynes, Philippe de,
The Memoirs of Philippe de Commynes (1445-1509)
, trans. Isabelle Cazeaux, ed. Samuel Kinser, 2 vols, Columbia, SC, 1969,1973

Cook, Michael (ed.),
A History of the Ottoman Empire to 1730
, Cambridge, 1976

Crampton, R. J.,
A Concise History of Bulgaria
, Cambridge, 1997

Crowley, Roger, 1453,
The Holy War for Constantinople and the Clash of Islam and the West
, New York, 2005

Davis, Fanny,
The Palace of Topkapi in Istanbul
, New York, 1970

Domenic of Jerusalem,
Domenico’s Istanbul
, trans. and commentary Michael J. L. Austin, Warminster, 2001

Doukas,
Decline and Fall of Byzantium to the Ottoman Turks
, trans. Harry J. Magoulias, Detroit, 1975

Evliya Çelebi,
Narrative of Travels in Europe, Asia and Africa [the Seyahatname]
, trans. Josef von Hammer, London, 1834

Faroqhi, Suraiya,
The Ottoman Empire and the World around It
, London, 2004

Fine, John V. A., Jr.,
The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
, Ann Arbor, MI, 1994

Finkel, Caroline,
Osman’s Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire 1300-1923
, London, 2005

Fisher, Sydney Nettleton,
The Foreign Relations of Turkey
,
1481-1513
, Urbana, IL, 1948

Freely, John,
The Companion Guide to Turkey
, 2nd edn, London, 1993

________,
Istanbul, the Imperial City
, London, 1996

________,
Turkey around the Marmara,
Istanbul, 1998

________,
Inside the Seraglio: Private Lives of the Sultans in Istanbul
, London, 1999

________,
Blue Guide Istanbul
, 5th edn, London, 2000

________,
Jem Sultan: The Adventures of a Captive Turkish Prince in Renaissance Europe
, London, 2004

________,
Storm on Horseback: The Seljuk Warriors of Anatolia
, London, 2008

Gibb, E. J. W.,
A History of Ottoman Poetry
, 6 vols, London, 1900-7

Gibb, Hamilton and Harold Bowen,
Islamic Society and the West: A Study of the Impact of Western Civilization on Moslem Culture in the Near East
, Oxford, 1950

Gibbons, Herbert Adams,
The Foundation of the Ottoman Empire: A History of the Osmanlis up to the Death of Bayezid I (1300-1403)
, Oxford, 1916

Goffman, Daniel,
The Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe
, Cambridge, 2002

Goodwin, Godfrey,
A History of Ottoman Architecture
, London, 1971

________,
The Janissaries
, London, 1994

Halecki, Oskar,
The Crusade of Varna: A Discussion of Controversial Problems
, New York, 1943

Hankins, James, ‘Humanist Crusade Literature in the Age of Mehmet II’,
Dumbarton Oaks Papers
, 49 (1995), pp. 11-147

Hay, Denys,
Europe in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries
, 2nd edn, London and New York, 1989

Hodgkinson, Harry,
Skanderbeg
, eds Bejtullah Destani and Westrow Cooper, London, 1999

Holt, P.M., Ann K.S. Lambton and Bernard Lewis (eds),
The Cambridge History of Islam
, 2 vols, Cambridge, 1970

Hopwood, Keith R., ‘The Byzantine-Turkish Frontier, c. 1250-1300’, in Markus Kohbach, Gisela Prochaska-Eisl and Claudia Romer (eds),
Acta Viennensia Ottomanica,
Vienna, 1999, pp. 153-61

Housley, Norman,
The Later Crusades: From Lyons to Alcazar 1274-1580
, Oxford, 1992

Ibn Battuta,
The Travels of Ibn Battuta
,
A. D. 1325-54
, 4 vols, trans. H. A. R. Gibb, London, 1995

Ihsanoğlu, Ekmelledin (ed.),
History of the Ottoman State, Society and Civilization
, Istanbul, 2001

Imber, Colin,
The Ottoman Empire
,
1300-1481
, Istanbul, 1990