The Happiness Industry (37 page)

Jennings, Richard,
49
,
50
,
51

Jevons, William Stanley

and Chicago School of economics,
150–1

childhood,
47–8

on commodities,
58

as converting economics into form of psychological mathematics,
116

on decision-making,
59

as fascinated with machine-like qualities of the mind,
56

on happiness,
113

on how we experience pleasures and pains,
65
,
66

as imagining mind through metaphors of geometry and mechanics,
62

introduction of to economics,
60

on the mind as mechanical balancing device,
264

on money as yielding happiness,
114

and natural sciences,
59

as obsessed with understanding fluctuations in pleasure,
84

as one developer of theory of utility maximization,
62

on pleasure and pain having own discernible quantities,
61

reading of economics,
50
,
55

representation of capitalism,
57

on true comprehension of Value,
54

as turning market into mind-reading device,
57

vision of calculating hedonist,
56

weight-lifting experiments of,
49
,
59

Jobs, Steve,
161

Johns Hopkins University,
92

Johnson & Johnson,
94

Jourard Self-Disclosure Scale,
165

Jung, Minah,
182

just noticeable difference,
30
,
36
,
37

justice, theory of,
62

JWT (J. Walter Thompson) (advertising firm),
93
,
94
,
95
,
97
,
215–16
,
217
,
218
,
220
,
225
,
242

Kahn, Robert,
132

Kant, Immanuel,
23
,
27
,
28
,
30

Karma Kitchen,
181

Kasser, Tim,
132
,
253

Kefauver, Estest,
170

Keynesian thinking/policy,
149
,
154
,
160

Kline, Nathan,
161–4

Knight, Frank,
149

knowledge-based economy,
136

Knutson, Brian,
74

Kraepelin, Emil,
169

Kramer, Peter,
163

Kuhn, Ronald,
161–4

Lamplighter health and well-being programme,
134–5

language

of behavioural and neurosciences,
259

behaviourism as doing violence to language we use to understand other people,
264

Bentham as ridiculing language of law,
15

Bentham on natural sciences avoiding meaningless use of,
17

Bentham's distrust of,
19
,
32
,
104

of gratitude,
186

limitations of,
33

metaphysical language,
84
,
90

metrics and prices as,
64

of natural science,
17

numbers as means of recreating common public language,
146

politicization of,
145

powerful and powerless as speaking different languages,
260

quality of psychological language,
263

shift from conceptual language to scientific one,
80

Wittgenstein on nothing prior to,
265

Wundt as refusing to purge psychology of philosophical language,
81

Layard, Richard,
38
,
111
,
260

Lazarsfeld, Paul,
99

Leader, Darian,
52

learned helplessness,
165
,
262

Lenin, Vladimir,
119

Lewin, Kurt,
198

Lieberman, Matt,
195
,
213

Lindstrom, Martin,
32

Lloyds TSB,
186

Loehr, Jim,
112

Logical Abacus,
56

London School of Economics,
64
,
98
,
228

loneliness,
147
,
193
,
194
,
196
,
209
,
253
,
258

Lornitzo, Franz,
199

Losse, Kate,
187

Lynd, Helen,
98
,
99
,
101

Lynd, Robert,
98
,
99
,
101

Madison Avenue,
92
,
93
,
215

management

aim of in 1930s,
124

autarchic management,
272
,
273

global economic management,
3

human resource management,
189
,
238
,
276

opposition to,
127

psychological management,
38
,
141

psychosomatic management,
128

scientific management,
118–19
,
120
,
136–7
,
235

somatic management,
274

therapeutic management,
125
,
128

managerial class,
82

Mappiness (app),
228

market deregulation,
1
,
144

market exchange, theory of,
62

market price system,
60–1

market research,
72
,
73
,
74
,
75
,
83
,
97
,
99
,
100
,
101
,
103
,
221
,
223
,
251
,
261

marketing,
188
,
193
,
210
,
274

markets,
57
,
155
,
156
,
157
,
158
,
159
,
160
.
See also
free markets

Marshall, Alfred,
58
,
61

Martineau, James,
48

Marx, Karl,
55
,
214

Maslow, Abraham,
146

mass psychological measurement,
217

mass psychological profiling,
216

mass surveillance,
193
,
224
,
236
,
238

The Mass Observation Project,
100

materialism,
211
,
253

mathematics,
47
,
49

Mayo, Elton,
121–5
,
128
,
131
,
132
,
133
,
134
,
136
,
189

McGill Pain Questionnaire,
175

McKeen Cattell, James,
83
,
84
,
85
,
86

McKinsey & Co.,
119

McNamara, Robert,
235

measurement

apparatus of as continually growing,
242

bodily-tracking devices,
240

of experienced utility,
64

happiness measurement,
6
,
11
,
36–7
,
38
,
251
,
260

of human optimality,
274

as indicating quantity not quality,
146

mass psychological measurement,
217

no single measure of happiness and well-being,
241

objective psychological measurement,
268

of ourselves,
232

of pain,
33
,
249

of pleasure,
22
,
33
,
249

of politics,
145

of positivity,
165

psychic measurement,
59
,
60

of punishment,
22

quality of life measures,
126

of speed of mental processes,
77

measurement tools, eighteenth century inventions in,
22–3

Mechanics' Institutes/Institutions,
47
,
48

meditation,
32
,
38
,
68
,
112
,
260

Menger, Carl,
54

mental health/mental illness,
107
,
108
,
126
,
127
,
252
,
254

mental optimization,
242

mental processes, measuring speed of,
77

mental resilience,
135

Merck,
164

metaphysics,
31
,
37
,
78
,
86
,
89
,
92

Meyer, Adolf,
93
,
169

Meyerian psychiatry,
169
,
290–291n30

Microsoft,
159
‘Middletown in Transition',
99

‘Middletown Studies',
98
,
100
,
101

Miliband, Ed,
191

Mill, John Stuart,
49
,
53

mind,
7
,
56
,
57
,
62
,
68
,
96

mind–body problem,
28

mindfulness,
32
,
35
,
259
,
260
,
265
,
273

mind-reading technology,
33
,
75–6

Minerva Research Initiative (Pentagon),
257

misery,
108
,
115
,
271

MIT Affective Computing research centre,
221

money,
25–6
,
27
,
37
,
39
,
46
,
51
,
52
,
57
,
59
,
61
,
65
,
66
,
67
,
69

monism,
21
,
29
,
33
,
34
,
129
,
131
,
136
,
176
,
241
,
274

monopolies,
155
,
158
,
159

mood, use of term,
231

mood tracking,
5
,
6
,
228

Moodscope (app),
228

Moreno, Jacob,
197–205
,
207
,
208
,
210
,
214
,
264

motivation,
37
,
112
,
183

Munsterberg, Hugo,
84

Muntaner, Carles,
250
,
254

Murdoch, Rupert,
213

Myspace,
213

mysticism,
259
,
261

narcissism,
197
,
204
,
207
,
220
,
222

National Charity Company,
35
,
109

National Health Service (NHS),
111
,
247

National Institute of Mental Health,
169

national well-being,
4
,
146
,
245

Natural Elements of Political Economy
(Jennings),
50

natural environment,
247

neo-classical economists/economics,
113
,
123
,
181

neo-Kraepelinians,
169

neoliberal socialism,
212
,
214

neoliberalism,
10
,
34
,
141
,
144
,
148
,
149
,
153
,
154
,
160
,
161
,
177
,
179
,
210
,
211
,
213
,
223
,
246
,
258
,
274

neurasthenia,
116

neurochemicals,
67
,
68

neurological monitoring,
38

neurological reward system,
66

neuromarketing,
73
,
76
,
97
,
102
,
104
,
188
,
256
,
262

neuropsychology,
68

neuroscience,
4–5
,
20–1
,
73
,
103
,
176
,
205
,
255
,
257
,
259

new age mysticism,
260

new age religions,
38

new age thinker, Fechner as,
28

New York Training School for Girls,
202

NHS (National Health Service),
111
,
247

Nietzsche, Friedrich,
5
,
84

Nike,
221

nucleus accumbens,
67

Nudge
(Sunstein and Thaler),
88

Nudge Unit (UK),
235
,
237

nudging/nudges,
90
,
183

Obama, Barack,
255

Obama BRAIN Initiative,
255

occupational health,
132
,
134
,
254

O'Leary, Michael,
185

online advertising,
96

opinion-polling,
9
,
101
,
223

optimization

definition,
243

human optimality/optimization,
5
,
129
,
274

managerial cult of,
137

mental optimization,
242