The History Buff's Guide to World War II (57 page)

21
. Roosevelt quoted in H. McNeill,
America, Britain, and Russia: Their Cooperation and Conflict, 1941– 1946
(New York: Johnson, 1970), 373. Churchill quoted in Kimball,
Forged in War
, 244. Anecdote of Stalin’s behavior at Churchill’s dinner from Eubank,
Summit at Teheran
, 343.

22
. Pierre de Senarclens,
From Yalta to the Iron Curtain
(Oxford, UK: Berg, 1995), 12.

23
. P. M. H. Bell,
The World Since 1945
(London: Arnold, 2001), 16–22.

24
. Hitler quoted in Alan Bullock,
Hitler: A Study in Tyranny
(New York: Harper & Row, 1964), 794.

25
. Stalin quoted in Richard Overy,
Russia’s War
(New York: Penguin, 1997), 326.

26
. Goebbels quoted in David Welch,
The Third Reich: Politics and Propaganda
(London: Routledge: 1993), 30.

27
. Shirer,
Rise and Fall
, 1256.

28
. Text of Hitler’s speech from Bullock,
Hitler
, 503.

29
. Weygand quoted in Jack Le Vien and John Lord,
Winston Churchill: The Valiant Years
(London: Bernard Geis, 1962), 48.

30
. Martin Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill: Finest Hour, 1939–1941
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983), 571.

31
. Text of de Gaulle speech from Houston Peterson, ed.,
A Treasury of the World’s Great Speeches
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965), 783–85, and Jean Lacouture,
De Gaulle: the Rebel, 1890– 1944
(New York: Norton, 1990), 224–25. Churchill quoted in William Safire,
Lend Me Your Ears
(New York: Norton, 1992), 815.

32
. Robert T. Oliver and Eugene E. White, eds.,
Selected Speeches from American History
(Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1966), 250–51.

33
. Ibid.

34
. Molotov quoted in Dmitri Volkogonov,
Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy
(New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1988), 407. Text of Stalin’s speech in Peterson,
A Treasury of the World’s Great Speeches
, 786–89.

35
. Roosevelt quoted in James M. Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom
(New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970), 163.

36
. Text of Roosevelt’s speech from Erik Bruun and Jay Crosby,
Our Nation’s Archive
(New York: Black Dog and Leventhal, 1999), 645–46.

37
. Ralf G. Reuth,
Goebbels
(New York: Harcourt Brace, 1993), 313–19.

38
. Helmut Heiber,
Goebbels
(New York: Hawthorn Books, 1972), 287.

39
. Tojo quoted in Edwin P. Hoyt,
Warlord: Tojo Against the World
(Lanham, MD: Scarborough House, 1993), 201.

40
. Hirohito’s speech text taken from David Rees,
The Defeat of Japan
(Westport, CT: Praeger, 1997), 182.

41
. Courtney Browne,
Tojo: The Last Banzai
(New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1967), 204–7; Richard B. Frank,
Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire
(New York: Random House, 1999), 320–21.

42
. For further comparisons and contrasts of the two leaders, consider Alan Bullock,
Hitler and Stalin
(New York: Knopf, 1992).

43
. Edvard Radzinsky,
Stalin
(New York: Doubleday, 1996), 12.

44
. Isaac Deutscher contends that Stalin’s mother, Ekaterina, had four children. Robert McNeal reports three. Edvard Radzinsky writes Joseph was the “third boy,” but his mother “gave birth regularly.” See Isaac Deutscher,
Stalin: A Political Biography
(New York: Vintage Books, 1960), 2; Robert H. McNeal,
Stalin: Man and Ruler
(New York: New York University Press, 1988), 3; Radzinsky,
Stalin
, 19–20.

45
. Hitler’s words from
Mein Kampf
(London: Hurst and Blackett, 1942), 17. Most biographers find six children born to Klara Hitler, whereas Alan Bullock surmises there were five. See Bullock,
Hitler
, 28–29.

46
. Hitler,
Mein Kampf
, 79.

47
. Ibid., 14–15; Walter Laqueur,
Stalin: The Glasnost Revelations
(New York: Scribner, 1990), 104.

48
. Hitler,
Mein Kampf
, 22; Deutscher,
Stalin: A Political Biography
, 24.

49
. Barbara Baumann and Birgitta Oberle,
Deutsche Literatur in Epochen
(Munich: Max Hueber Verlag, 1985), 217–20; Mikhail Heller and Aleksander M. Nekrich,
Utopia in Power
(New York: Summit Books, 1986), 272–73.

50
. Anton Antonov Orseyenko,
The Time of Stalin
(New York: Harper & Row, 1980), 210; Roman Brackman,
The Secret File of Josef Stalin
(London: Frank Cass, 2001), 311; Radzinsky,
Stalin
, 80, 87.

51
. Toland,
Adolf Hitler
, 121.

52
. Bullock,
Hitler
, 112–22.

53
. Lothar Machtan,
The Hidden Hitler
(New York: Basic Books, 2001), 30–60.

54
. Volkogonov,
Stalin
, 10.

55
. Bullock,
Hitler
, 394–95.

56
. Heller and Nekrich,
Utopia in Power
, 279. See also Robert Conquest,
Stalin and the Kirov Murder
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1989).

57
. Ian Kershaw,
Hitler
(London: Longman, 1991), 211–12; Heller and Nekrich,
Utopia in Power
, 279.

58
. Stalin quoted in Volkogonov,
Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy
, 102. Hitler quoted in Albert Speer,
Inside the Third Reich
(New York: Bonanza Books, 1982), 157. See also Elizabeth Simpson, ed.,
The Spoils of War
(New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1997).

59
. Bullock,
Hitler and Stalin
, 385; Volkogonov,
Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy
, 102.

60
. Seweryn Bialer, ed.,
Stalin and His Generals
(New York: Pegasus, 1969), 563.

61
. Deutscher,
Stalin: A Political Biography
, 468–69; Bradley F. Smith,
The War’s Long Shadow: The Second World War and Its Aftermath
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986), 94. Voronov quoted in Bialer,
Stalin and His Generals
, 243.

62
. Ian Kershaw,
Hitler 1936–1945: Nemesis
(New York: Norton, 2000), 500, 565, 614, 741. Hitler quoted in ibid., 454. Secretary Christa Schroeder quoted in ibid., 397.

63
. Frederic Baumgartner,
Longing for the End: A History of Millennialism in Western Civilization
(New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999), 201–2, 208–11. See also Bernard McGinn,
Antichrist: Two Thousand Years of the Human Fascination with Evil
(New York: HarperCollins, 1994).

64
. On numbers killed by the Nazi government, see Raul Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
(New York: Holmes & Meier, 1985), and Martin K. Sorge,
The Other Price of Hitler’s War: German Military and Civilian Losses Resulting from World War II
(New York: Greenwood Press, 1986).

65
. Heller and Nekrich,
Utopia in Power
, 511.

CHAPTER 3: MILITARY LIFE

1
. P. M. H. Bell, “Another Thirty Years’ War?” in
World War II: Roots and Causes
, ed. Keith Eubank (Lexington, MA: Heath, 1992), 21.

2
. Mobilization numbers from John Ellis,
World War II: A Statistical Analysis
(New York: Facts on File, 1993), 227.

3
. Gavan Daws,
Prisoners of the Japanese: POW’s of World War II in the Pacific
(New York: Morrow, 1994), 275.

4
. Arthur Waldron, “China’s New Remembering of World War II: The Case of Zhang Zizhong,”
Modern Asian Studies
(1996): 971.

5
. For Italian POW statistics and forced labor in Germany, see I. C. B. Dear, ed.,
The Oxford Companion to World War II
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 384.

6
. For an examination of France’s struggle with national self-worth, see Eugene Webber,
The Hollow Years: France in the 1930s
(New York: Norton, 1994).

7
. See also Pradeep Barua,
Gentlemen of the Raj: The Indian Officer Corps, 1817–1949
(Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003).

8
. For U.S. production figures, see Harry C. Thomson and Lida Mayo,
The Ordnance Department: Procurement and Supply
(Washington D.C.: U.S. Army Office of Military History, 1960).

9
. Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen,
World War II: The Encyclopedia of the War Years, 1941–1945
(New York: Random House, 1996), 164.

10
. Karl C. Dod,
The Corps of Engineers: The War Against Japan
(Washington D.C.: U.S. Army Office of Military History, 1966), 352–53; Thomson and Mayo,
The Ordnance Department: Procurement and Supply
, 152.

11
. James Lucas,
War on the Eastern Front, 1941–1945
(New York: Bonanza Books, 1982), 158.

12
. Ellis,
Statistical Analysis
, 257; Lucas,
War on the Eastern Front
, 24.

13
. Ian V. Hogg,
Encyclopedia of Infantry Weapons of World War II
(New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1977), 35.

14
. John Erickson and David Dilks, eds.,
Barbarossa
(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1994), 261; Richard Overy,
Russia’s War
(New York: Penguin, 1997), 244.

15
. Peter McCarthy and Mike Syron,
Panzerkrieg: The Rise and Fall of Hitler’s Tank Divisions
(London: Constable, 2002), 61. British soldier quoted in Gerald F. Linderman,
The World Within War: America’s Combat Experience in World War II
(New York: Free Press, 1997), 56.

16
. Williamson Murray,
Strategy for Defeat: The Luftwaffe, 1933–1945
(Maxwell AFB, AL: Air University Press, 1983), 224. See also Roger A. Freeman,
Mustang at War
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1974).

17
. Ronald H. Spector,
Eagle Against the Sun
(New York: Free Press, 1985), 178.

18
. McCarthy and Syron,
Panzerkrieg
, 161.

19
. German soldier quoted in Linderman,
The World Within War
, 25.

20
. Ellis,
Statistical Analysis
, 302–3.

21
. Bill Gunston,
Bombers of World War II
(New York: Arco, 1980), 42–44.

22
. Generoso P. Salazar, Fernando R. Reyes, and Leonardo Q. Nuval,
Defense, Defeat, and Defiance: World War II in the Philippines
(Manila: Veterans Federation of the Philippines, 1993), 763–66.

23
. Martin K. Sorge,
The Other Price of Hitler’s War: German Military and Civilian Losses Resulting from World War II
(New York: Greenwood Press, 1986), 130–31.

24
. James F. Dunnigan and Albert A. Nofi,
Dirty Little Secrets of World War II
(New York: Morrow, 1994), 269–70.

25
. See also M. J. Whitley,
Cruisers of World War II
(Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1996), and idem,
Destroyers of World War II
(Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2000).

26
. Samuel E. Morison,
The Two-Ocean War
(New York: Ballantine Books, 1963), 17.

27
. Spector,
Eagle Against the Sun
, 257.

28
. Morison,
The Two-Ocean War
, 165–70, 191–92, 378–79. Description of the Iowa class battleships in Elizabeth-Anne Wheal, Stephen Pope, and James Taylor,
Encyclopedia of the Second World War
(Edison, NJ: Castle Books, 1989), 231.

29
. Dear,
Oxford Companion
, 682.

30
. Masanobu Tsuji,
Singapore: The Japanese Version
(New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1960), 317–18.

31
. Roland G. Ruppenthal,
Logistical Support of the Armies
, vol. 1 (Washington D.C.: U.S. Army Center of Military History, 1995), 441; Masanobu,
Singapore
, 338.