"Let's stick with the carpet fibers first," he says. "Were you checking these against samplers taken from another source?"
"Yes. Carpet fibers from the defendant's county-assigned vehicle." "And what did you find?"
"I looked first to determine if there were comparisons of color and diameter. I found that there were."
"What did you do then?" says Kline.
"A more detailed examination," says the witness, "for other morphological features."
"What do you mean, morphological?"
"Form and structure," says Stinegold. "In particular, I was looking for striations on the surface of the fibers or pitting with de lustering particles.
Principally titanium dioxide," he says. "These are sometimes added in the manufacturing process with synthetics to reduce the amount of shine. "
"And what did you find?"
"I observed the presence of similar de lustering particles both on the carpet fibers from the defendant's vehicle, and the fibers retrieved from the blanket used to wrap the victim's body."
"You considered this to be a significant point of comparison?" "I did."
"What did you do next?"
"I examined for color," says Stinegold. "Color would be the most important differential."
"Why is that?"
"Because most colors are composed of a mixture of dyes to obtain a desired shade. Finding the same dye composition would be a significant marker. It would be a unique distinguishing characteristic," says Stine gold.
"And how would this be done?" says Kline.
"With the use of a microspectrophotometer." Stinegold has to spell it for the court reporter.
"It's a kind of microscope that compares colors of fibers through their spectral patterns. Without getting too technical, different fibers not only have different colors, but they emit differing light refractions, which can be measured with the proper equipment."
"And you did this?" says Kline. "Yes."
"And what did you find?"
"That the fibers found in the defendant's vehicle, his county-assigned sedan, were identical in form, color, and composition to the fibers found on the blanket used to wrap the victim's body." Kline takes him through the specifics, that there are five different types of nylon used in such manufacture, one of these being what is known as "nylon II." In this case it is finished with a pigment that is ocean blue in color.
These are two points of comparison the type of nylon and a dye lot that the witness says match the fibers on the blanket with those found in Acosta's car.
"In your professional opinion, would you consider such a comparison significant?" Kline tries to close the door.
"Objection. Vague," I say.
"Sustained. Rephrase the question," says Radovich.
The issue here is how significant. Kline does a little circle in front of the stand, thinking before he rephrases.
"If you examined those carpet fibers and compared them to another sample taken randomly from another carpet, in your professional opinion, would you expect to find a match similar to what you found here?" I raise the same objection, but this time Radovich overrules it.
"No."
"If you compared it to ten other random samples would you expect a match?"
"No."
"A hundred?" "Not likely."
"A thousand?" says Kline.
"The type of nylon perhaps," says Stinegold. "But the color pigment, particularly the dye lot, would set it apart. I would call it a more significant characteristic."
"Not responsive to the question," I object. "Overruled."
"So in your opinion this is significant?"
"Yes. Unique to that dye lot. The manufacturer seldom if ever mixes two dye lots resulting in precisely the same pigmentation."
"So that would be a unique characteristic of these fibers?"
"I would say so. Yes." Kline then turns his attention to the hair, which Stinegold identifies as animal in origin.
He goes into some detail on the myriad of distinctions between human and animal hair, the color banding that is distinctive in animal hair, while human hair is uniform in color throughout the follicle.
"The medulla at the center of the hair of a human is amorphous in appearance, seldom more than a third the width of the entire hair shaft,
" says Stinegold, "whereas in animals it is much wider and can consume nearly all of the shaft. Also, the outer cuticular surface varies markedly between humans and animals, the difference being quite apparent."
"So there's no question in your mind chat the hairs collected from the surface of the blanket used to wrap the body of Brittany Hall were animal in origin?"
"None whatever," says Stinegold.
"Could you determine what kind of animal?"
"That was more difficult," he says. "But through process of elimination I was ultimately able to determine that the hairs in question were equine." It is clear from the looks in the box that the jury had suspected a dog or cat. Kline plays along with this and in feigned surprise gives the witness arched eyebrows, a silent question.
"Horse hair," says Stinegold in reply. "Probably sloughed off during shedding. There was a considerable amount of it."
"Do you have an opinion as to how this hair came to be deposited on the blanket?"
"Probably a secondary transfer," says Stinegold. Prodded by Kline, the witness explains.
"In general terms, what this means is that the blanket itself did not come in contact with a horse. Instead it is likely that someone else got the hair on their clothing and either carried it to the blanket or perhaps to their residence, where it got on other things, furniture, bedding. The I blanket could have become impregnated with the hair there, or it is even possible that the killer picked it up on his own clothing at that point, and by rubbing the blanket against his clothing while wrapping the body, may have left the hair on the surface of the blanket." This is a necessary mechanism for the state to show since they now know that Acosta never went near the stable. That was Lili's province.
She is particularly concerned by this, and as the trail of the hair is developed, I can see her physically recoil in the row directly behind her husband, just beyond the railing. She gives me a look, a pained expression.
"This is possible?" asks Kline. "This secondary transfer?"
"Oh, yes. Hair of that kind, in the quantities that I'm talking about, when a horse is shedding, is extremely pervasive. You couldn't help but to track it into your home. Even if you brushed yourself off carefully, I would think that I could find significant traces of it where you lived."
"Even if the person changed their clothing after riding or leaving the stables?" says Kline.
"It's possible," says Stinegold. "It's likely that they would carry some of it in their own hair, or on some rougher surfaces of the skin. It's very difficult to get rid of."
"That leads us to the next question," says Kline. "Did you in fact find traces of horse hair that matched the hair removed from the blanket used to wrap the body of Ms. Hall?"
"I did."
"And where did you find these?"
"Three locations," he says. "In the apartment of the decedent, Brittany Hall. In the residence of the defendant, Armando Acosta. And from the trunk in the defendant's county-assigned vehicle as well as the passenger compartment of that car." Kline plays this for effect, a proper period of silence to accent the significance of this finding, before he anticipates our attack. He has Stinegold explain that the hair came from a stable frequented by the defendant's wife, and that it was possible that it was picked up by the defendant on his clothes. He then concedes chat hair is not one of those elements of physical evidence that is conclusive in its provenance. It is not like fingerprints, to be matched, in this case, to a specific horse.
"Still," says Kline, "based on your scientific knowledge and experience, were you able to form any conclusions regarding the hair found on the subject blanket, and that found in the defendant's residence and his vehicle?"
"In my professional opinion," says Stinegold, "the specimens of hair taken from the blanket matched in all microscopic characteristics, color, texture, structural surfaces, and thickness the samples of hair combed from various items of furniture and carpeting at the defendant's home and his vehicle."
"In your professional opinion were they the same?"
"In my professional opinion they were," says Stinegold.
Hair and fibers may not be definitive elements like fingerprints, but at this moment it seems to produce a quantum shift of momentum in the jury box that is nearly palpable. It is something you gain from experience in a courtroom, the perception that if you are to survive, particular evidence demands a response.
There are several things that are not helpful to the state regarding trace evidence, and Kline has made the mistake of trying to ignore them, so on cross examination I start with these. The first is the metallurgy report.
"Mr. Stinegold, did you not find microscopic scrapings of precious metal on the edge of the coffee table in Brittany Hall's apartment, near the point where the victim's head made impact?"
"There were some," he says.
"Why didn't you talk about these during your direct examination by Mr. Kline?"
"I wasn't asked," he says.
"Fine. Then perhaps I should ask now. Were these significant?" If he says "yes" it compounds his avoidance of the issue on direct, so Stinegold says, "No."
"The scrapings, in your opinion, weren't significant?" "No."
"Why not?"
"We examined them and determined that they were probably old, something that could have been deposited on the table months before the murder."
He spouts some garbage about the bloodstains being on top of the metal, which he quickly abandons when pressed.
"Can you tell the jury what these scrapings were composed of?" "Traces of gold, twenty-four karat, with some alloys." "Something from a piece of jewelry, perhaps?"
"Perhaps," he says. "But not significant?"
"Not in my view," he says.
"Then perhaps you can explain to the jury why you examined every piece of gold jewelry belonging to my client?" "Just to be thorough," he says.
"Just to be thorough?" I ask. "Right."
"And in being thorough did you take microscopic scrapings of each piece of my client's jewelry for comparison with the scrapings found on that table?" Stinegold nearly pouts. "What we could find."
"Move to strike as not responsive. Stinegold would have the jury believe that Acosta discarded the incriminating piece, when there is no evidence of this." Radovich sustains my motion.
"Did you or did you not take microscopic scrapings from each piece of my client's jewelry for comparison with the scrapings found on that table?
"
"We did."
"And did you subject those samples to metallurgic analysis?" "Yes."
"And did you find that the metal on that table matched any of the scrapings from my client's jewelry?"
"No," he says.
"It did not match?" I turn with a look of wonder toward the jury. "No," he says.
"Oh. So I can assume that we would have heard about it during your direct examination if there had been a match?"
"Objection. Calls for speculation," says Kline.
Not in the jury's mind. They are now wondering why Kline has hidden this. Stand up and take a bow, fool.
"Rephrase the question," says Radovich.
"Happy to. Your Honor. Mr. Stinegold, tell the jury, isn't it a fact that, in your mind, these metal scrapings didn't become old and insignificant until after you failed to identify a match with Mr.
Acosta's jewelry?" "That's not so," he says.
"But you have absolutely no scientific basis for your judgment that the scrapings on that table were old?"
"We believed they were," he says.
"What is this, an article of faith?" I ask him. "Badgering the witness," says Kline.
I ignore him. "I asked you about a scientific basis. Did you have one?" "No."
"Thank you. So, based solely on the scientific evidence, on what we know about these metal scrapings, that they were found near the point of impact with the victim's head, and that they did not match any of the jewelry belonging to the defendant, in your professional judgment wouldn't this be evidence that could be viewed as tending to exonerate my client? Tending to show that he is not guilty?"
"Objection. That's a matter for the jury," says Kline.
"Sustained," says Radovich. "I think you've made your point," he says. I turn next to the numbers game, the carpet fibers presumably from Acosta's vehicle. I press Stinegold on the dye lots, asking him if he can tell us how many vehicles GM made that year that might have used the same carpet from the same supplier. He has no idea, so when I ask him if he would be surprised if that number were in the thousands, he is forced to admit that it is a possibility.
"Still," he says, "not all of those vehicles would use carpet of the same color or dye lot." He looks at Kline with some satisfaction as he says this.
I press him on the county fleet, the fact that the motor pool purchases cars in lots, several at a time from the same manufacturer, and that these might roll off the assembly line in sequence.