The Modern Mercenary: Private Armies and What They Mean for World Order (38 page)

Lantos, Tom. “Discrimination against Women and the Roots of Global Terrorism.”
Human Rights Magazine
29 (Winter 2002): 7.

Lawrence, T. E.
Seven Pillars of Wisdom
. London: Wordsworth, 1997.

“Leadership of Demobilized AFL Soldiers Assure President Sirleaf of Unwavering Support.” Press release, Executive Mansion, February 24, 2010.

Leander, Anna. “The Market for Force and Public Security: The Destabilizing Consequences of Private Military Companies.”
Journal of Peace Research
42, no. 5 (2005): 605–622.

Lebow, Richard Ned.
A Cultural Theory of International Relations
. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

Lee, Matthew Russell. “In Cote d’Ivoire Gbabgo Is Using Mercenaries, from Liberia, UN Says, US Unaware.”
Inner City Press
, December 20, 2010.

Leeson, Peter T. “Better Off Stateless: Somalia before and after Government Collapse.”
Journal of Comparative Economics
35, no.4 (2007): 689–710.

Le Sage, Andre.
Africa’s Irregular Security Threats: Challenges for US Engagement
. Washington, DC: Institute for National Security Studies, 2010.

———.
Stateless Justice in Somalia: Formal and Informal Rule of Law Initiatives
. Geneva: Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, 2005.

Lewis, David. “Qaeda Fuels Security, Criminal Woes in Sahara States.” Reuters, February 12, 2010.

Lewis, M. Paul.
Ethnologue: Languages of the World
, 16th ed. Dallas: SIL International, 2009.

“Liberia Overview.”
http://www.globalhumanitarianassistance.org/countryprofile/liberia
, accessed February 25, 2014.

“Liberia: US Hires Private Company to Train 4,000-Man Army.”
IRIN Africa
, February 15, 2005.
http://www.irinnews.org/report/53038/liberia-us-hires-private-company-to-train-4-000-man-army
, accessed February 25, 2014.

Liberian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Status of Forces Agreement NTGL/MFA/0212/2-2/05: Arrangement between the Government of the United States of America and the National Transitional Government of Liberia concerning Security Sector Reform in the Republic of Liberia
. 2005.

Liddick, Don.
Eco-Terrorism: Radical Environmental and Animal Liberation Movements
. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2006.

Lindberg, Leon N.
The Political Dynamics of European Economic Integration
. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1963.

Lindlaw, Scott. “Bush Approves Small Peacekeeping Contingent for Liberia.” Associated Press, July 6, 2003.

Lipschutz, Ronnie D. “Reconstructing World Politics: The Emergence of Global Civil Society.”
Millennium: Journal of International Studies
21, no. 3 (December 1992): 389–420.

Little, Peter D.
Somalia: Economy without State
. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003.

Littman, David. “Universal Human Rights and Human Rights in Islam.”
Midstream
42, no. 2 (1999): 2–7.

Livingston, Steven. “Clarifying the CNN Effect: An Examination of Media Effects according to Type of Military Intervention.” Research Paper R-18. Cambridge, MA: Joan Shorenstein Center on Press and Politics, 1997.

Loden, Alexander. “Civil Society and Security Sector Reform in Post-Conflict Liberia: Painting a Moving Train without Brushes.”
International Journal of Transitional Justice
1, no. 2 (2007): 297–307.

Lukes, Steven.
Power: A Radical View
, 1st ed. London: Steven Lukes, 1976.

Luna, David M. “Narco-Trafficking: What Is the Nexus with the War on Terror?” Panel presentation, Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association/Southern Command Conference SOUTH 2008, October 8, 2008.

Luttrell, Marcus, and Patrick Robinson.
Lone Survivor: The Eyewitness Account of Operation Redwing and the Lost Heroes of Seal Team 10
. New York: Little, Brown, 2007.

Lutz, Georg, and Wolf Linder. “Traditional Structures in Local Governance for Local Development.” Unpublished report. Institute of Political Science, University of Berne, Switzerland, 2004.

Lynch, Tony, and A. J. Walsh. “The Good Mercenary?”
Journal of Political Philosophy
8, no. 2 (2000): 133–153.

Lyons, Terrence. “Liberia’s Path from Anarchy to Elections.”
Current History
97, no. 619 (1998): 229–233.

Machiavelli, Niccolò.
Art of War
. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2009.

Madhani, Aamer. “Cleric Al-Awlaki Dubbed ‘bin Laden of the Internet.’ ”
USA Today
, August 25, 2010.

Mahjar-Barducci, Anna. “African Mercenaries in Libya, Part II,” April 1, 2011.
http://www.hudson-ny.org/2008/african-mercenaries-libya-2i
.

Maier, Charles S. “Democracy and Its Discontents.”
Foreign Affairs
73, no. 4 (July–August 1994): 48–64.

Malan, Mark.
Security Sector Reform in Liberia: Mixed Results from Humble Beginnings
. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 2008.

Mallett, Michael.
Mercenaries and Their Masters: Warfare in Renaissance Italy
. London: Bodley Head, 1974.

Mandel, Robert.
Armies without States: The Privatization of Security
. Boulder, CO: Lynee Rienner, 2002.

Marcella, Gabriel.
American Grand Strategy for Latin America in the Age of Resentment
. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 2007.

Marshall, Monty G., and Benjamin R. Cole.
Global Report 2009: Conflict, Governance, and State Fragility
. Vienna, VA: Center for Systemic Peace, 2009.

Martin, Daniel. “Nation States Are Dead: EU Chief Says the Belief That Countries Can Stand Alone Is a ‘Lie and an Illusion.’ ”
Daily Mail
, November 11, 2010.

Masciarelli, Alexis. “Somalia’s Kidnapping Industry.” BBC News, May 24, 2002.

Matthews, Jessica T. “Power Shift.”
Foreign Affairs
76, no. 1 (January–February 1997): 50–66.

Mattis, James N. “USJFCOM Commander’s Guidance for Effects-Based Operations,” 2008.

Mayer, Ann Elizabeth. “A ‘Benign’ Apartheid: How Gender Apartheid Has Been Rationalized.”
UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs
5 (2000): 237–338.

Mazzetti, Mark. “Former Spy with Agenda Operates a Private C.I.A.”
New York Times
, January 22, 2011.

———. “U.S. Is Still Using Private Spy Ring, Despite Doubts.”
New York Times
, May 15, 2010.

Mazzetti, Mark, and Emily B. Hager. “Secret Desert Force Set Up by Blackwater’s Founder.”
New York Times
, May 14, 2011.

Mazzetti, Mark, and Eric Schmitt. “Blackwater Founder Said to Back Mercenaries.”
New York Times
, January 20, 2011.

Mazzitelli, Antoni L. “Transnational Organized Crime in West Africa: The Additional Challenge.”
International Affairs
83, no. 6 (2007): 1071–1090.

McElroy, Damien. “Times Square Bomb Suspect Had Links to Terror Preacher.”
London Telegraph
, May 7, 2010.

McFate, Sean. “The Art and Aggravation of Vetting in Post-Conflict Environments.”
Military Review
(July–August 2007): 79–97.

McGrew, Anthony. “Globalization and Global Politics.” In
The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations
, 3rd ed., edited by John Baylis and Steve Smith, 19–40. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.

McKenzie, Glenn. “Rebels Lift Siege of Liberia’s Starving Capital, U.S. Marines Land.” Associated Press, August 14, 2003.

McLuhan, Marshall.
The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man
. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962.

McNerney, Patricia. “The International Criminal Court: Issues for Consideration by the United States Senate.”
Law and Contemporary Problems
64, no. 1 (2001): 181–191.

Mead, Walter Russell. “America’s Sticky Power.”
Foreign Policy
, no. 141 (March–April 2004): 46–53.

Mears, John A. “The Emergence of the Standing Professional Army in Seventeenth-Century Europe.”
Social Science Quarterly
50, no. 1 (1969): 106–115.

———. “The Thirty Years’ War, the ‘General Crisis,’ and the Origins of a Standing Professional Army in the Habsburg Monarchy.”
Central European History
21, no. 2 (2008): 122–141.

Media Line. “Aid Workers Begin Quitting Somalia.”
Jerusalem Post
, April 13, 2009.

MEJA Expansion and Enforcement Act of 2007, H.R. 2740, 110th Congress (2007).

“Memorandum: Additional Information about Blackwater USA.” Majority Staff, Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. US House of Representatives, October 1, 2007.

Ménard, Christian, and Jean-Claude Viollet. Rapport d’information par la commission de la defense nationale et des forces armees sur les sociétés militaires privées. Assemblee Nationale, February 14, 2012.

Menkhaus, Ken. “Dangerous Waters,”
Survival
51, no. 1 (2009): 21–25.

———. “Governance without Government in Somalia: Spoilers, State Building, and the Politics of Coping.”
International Security
31, no. 3 (2007): 74–106.

———.
Kenya-Somalia Border Conflict Analysis
. Washington, DC: USAID, 2005.

———. “Vicious Circles and the Security Development Nexus in Somalia.”
Conflict, Security & Development
4, no. 2 (2004): 149–165.

Menkhaus, Ken, and John Prendergast. “Political Economy of Post-Intervention Somalia,”
Somalia Task Force Issue Paper 3
. Washington, DC: Horn of Africa Publications, 1995.

“Mercenaries in Africa: The Fog and Dogs of War,”
Economist
, March 18, 2004.

Merle, Renae, and Ellen McCarthy. “The Civilian Contractors: 6 Employees from CACI International, Titan Referred for Prosecution.”
Washington Post
, August 26, 2004.

Meyer, John W., and Michael T. Hannan.
National Development and the World System: Educational, Economic, and Political Change
. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Middleton, Roger.
Piracy in Somalia: Threatening Global Trade, Feeding Local Wars
. London: Chatham House, 2008.

Midlarsky, Manus I.
Handbook of War Studies
. Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989.

Milanovic, B. “Global Income Inequality: What It Is and Why It Matters.”
World Economics
7, no. 1 (2006): 131–153.

Miller, Barbara. “Blackwater a Challenge to Iraqi Sovereignty: Al-Maliki.” ABC Online, September 24, 2007.
http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2007/s2041431.htm
, accessed February 25, 2014.

Miller, Christian. “Civilian Contractor Toll in Iraq and Afghanistan Ignored by Defense Dept.”
ProPublica
, October 9, 2009.

———. “Map: Injuries and Deaths to Civilian Contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan by Country.”
http://www.propublica.org/special/map-injuries-and-deaths-to-civilian-contractors-by-country-614
, accessed February 14, 2014.

Mills, Greg.
Why Africa Is Poor
. New York: Penguin, 2010.

Milmo, Cahal. “Insurance Firms Plan Private Navy to Take on Somali Pirates.” Independent.co.uk, September 28, 2010.

Minc, Alain.
Le nouveau moyen âge
. Paris: Gallimard, 1993.

Mohamed, Ibrahim. “Somali Rebel Groups Clash Near Kenya Border.” Reuters, August 26, 2010.

Moorehead, Caroline.
Dunant’s Dream War: War, Switzerland and the History of the Red Cross
. London: HarperCollins, 1998.

More, Thomas.
Utopia
. New York: Penguin Classics, 2003.

Morganthau, Hans, and Kenneth Thompson.
Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace
. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1985.

Morris, Harvey. “Activists Turn to Blackwater over Darfur.”
Financial Times
, June 19, 2008.

Morsink, Johannes.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Origins, Drafting, and Intent
. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000.

Morss, Elliott R. “The New Global Players: How They Compete and Collaborate.”
World Development
19, no. 1 (1991): 55–64.

Mowlana, Hamid.
Global Information and World Communication: New Frontiers in International Relations
. London: Sage, 1997.

Muchlinski, Peter. “Human Rights and Multinationals: Is There a Problem?”
International Affairs
77, no.1 (2001): 31–48.

Mulaj, Kledja.
Violent Non-State Actors in World Politics
. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009.

Murphy, Sean D.
Humanitarian Intervention: The United Nations in an Evolving World Order
. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996.

Naidoo, Kumi. “Civil Society Accountability: Who Guards the Guardians.” Address at UN Headquarters, New York, April 3, 2003.

Najemy, John M.
A History of Florence, 1200–1575
. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2006.

Nathan, Laurie, ed.
No Ownership, No Commitment: A Guide to Local Ownership of Security Sector Reform
. Birmingham, UK: University of Birmingham, 2007.

National Counterterrorism Center. “Al-Shabaab.”
http://www.nctc.gov/site/groups/al_shabaab.html
, accessed November 14, 2010.

National Security Presidential Directive 44: Management of Interagency Efforts concerning Reconstruction and Stabilization. December 7, 2005.
http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/nspd/nspd-44.pdf
.

National Transitional Government of Liberia. AFL Restructuring Policy. 2005.

———. Executive Order No. 5: Demobilization and Retirement of Soldiers. 2005.

———. Ministry of Defense, Operation Order 001: Operation Demobilization. 2005.

“New Armed Forces of Liberia Force Opt Working Brief.” Paper presented at the SSR Assessment Mission, Monrovia, 2004.

“Nick Clegg hails ‘Axis of Openness’ amid Libya Action.” BBC News, March 29, 2011.

Nobelprize.org. “The Nobel Peace Prize 2010 Liu Xiaobo,” July 24, 2011.
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2010/press.html
, accessed February 25, 2014.

Other books

His Until Midnight by Nikki Logan
Don't Lie to Me by Stacey Lynn
Bit of a Blur by Alex James
Southside (9781608090563) by Krikorian, Michael
SKIN (Demon Chaser 4) by Charlene Hartnady
Polly's Angel by Katie Flynn