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Abu Dhabi,
141
,
152

Abu Ghraib prison,
15

Academi.
See
Blackwater

Academy for Educational Development (AED),
97

Adolphus, Gustavus,
34

Aegis Defence Services,
39

Affreux, Les (“The Frightfuls”),
37

Afghanistan: al-Qaida and al-Shabaab in,
135

basic training by US in,
114

citizenship of PMCs employees in,
24
,
25

Civilian Response Corps in,
97

community policing in,
147

Congress and,
22
,
57

fatalities of contractors in,
20
,
21
f

nation building in,
146
,
147

neomedieval warfare and,
94

PMCs in,
9
,
15
,
19
,
23
,
25
,
46
,
55
,
97
–
98
,
149
,
150
–
51
,
156
–
58

police force background checks,
111

private armies vs. public forces of,
53

security needs of the US in,
12

Soviet Union in,
93
–
94

spies in,
56

Taliban in,
94
,
149
,
158

US combat operations in,
96

US political debate and,
55

warlords in,
83

Afghanistan Navin,
157

Afghan National Army,
14

Afghan National Police,
14

AFL (Armed Forces of Liberia).
See
Liberia, case study

Africa: drug transshipments in,
83

Europe and,
67

Italy and,
67

mercenaries in,
37
,
38
–
39

new market for force in,
154
–
55

South American cartels in,
83

WatchGuard International in,
36

African Union,
135

Africa Oil,
142

Agenda for Peace, An
(UN),
133

Aidid, Mohamed Farrah,
133
–
34

Alabacora Quatro
(fishing vessel),
138

al-Awlaki, Anwar,
136

Al-Bashir, Omar,
78

Alexander the Great,
28

Algeria, France and,
67
,
93
–
94

al-Maliki, Nuri,
23

al-Qaida: affiliates,
84

al-Shabaab and,
135

Internet and,
76

neomedieval agenda,
82

purpose for fighting,
92
–
93
,
94

September 11, 2001 attacks,
68
–
69

threat posed by,
70

al-Sadr, Muqtada,
62

al-Shabaab (Movement of Warrior Youth),
82
,
94
,
134
–
35
,
145

al-Zawahiri, Ayman,
135

Amalric, Arnaud,
91

American Revolutionary War,
34
,
46

Anarchical Society, The
(Bull),
74

Angola,
14
,
37
,
38
,
39

Annan, Kofi,
38
,
106
,
155
,
164

Antares World,
138

Arab Charter on Human Rights,
87

Arab Spring,
76

Argus Security Projects,
154

ARINC,
155

Arkan gang,
83

Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL).
See
Liberia, case study

Armed Maritime Security,
82

ArmorGroup,
80
,
151

Armstrong, Stephen,
9

Army Training and Evaluation Program (ARTEP),
118

ARTEP (Army Training and Evaluation Program),
118

Art of War, The
(Machiavelli),
52

Asia,
67
,
83
,
See also Specific countries

Asil Khan,
157

Association of Southeast Asian Nations,
77

Augustus Caesar,
47

Australia, TCNs from,
25

Austria,
32

Avant, Deborah,
11
–
12

Balkans,
44
,
67
,
70
,
83
,
84
,
94

Bancroft Global Development,
141

Bangkok Declaration of Human Rights,
87

Bank of America,
81

Barlow, Eeben,
38

basic training,
113
–
14
,
114
f
,
124
f

battles.
See Location of battle

BBC,
135

Belarus,
53

Belgium,
142

Benedict XII (pope),
79

Berkeley,
41

Berlin Conference of 1884–85,
67

Berlin Wall,
69

Best Management Practices to Deter Piracy (BMP4),
138

Béziers massacre,
90
–
91
,
98

Bicocca, Battle of,
50
–
51

bin Laden, Osama,
68
,
135

Bishop of Ely,
83

Black, Cofer,
56

Black Diamond,
116

Black Hawk Down
,
94

Blackwater: change of company name,
10

civilians killed by personnel of,
23
,
53
,
59
,
62
–
63

Darfur intervention by,
2
–
3

functional areas and typical tasks of,
16
t

as military enterpriser,
40

Nisour Square,
23
,
53
,
59
,
62
–
63
,
65
,
97

Total Intelligence Solutions and,
56

Blackwater
(Scahill),
9

Blaney, John W.,
102

Bodyguard Services,
154

Bohemia,
32
,
64

Boko Haram,
82
,
94

Bonino, Emma,
78

Borgia, Cesare,
98

Bosnia,
95

Bougainville Island,
39

Boutros-Ghali, Boutros,
70

Brazil, conscription in,
98

Breitenfeld, Battle of,
29

Britain,
13
,
34
,
36
–
37
,
67
–
68
,
138

British Association of Private Security Companies,
8

British Special Air Services (SAS),
36
–
37

Brooks, Doug,
11
,
59
–
60

Bryant, Gyude,
127
,
128

Buckingham, Anthony,
39

Bull, Hedley,
74
–
75
,
77
,
165
–
66

Burundi,
xi
,
94
,
135

Bush, George H. W.,
133

Bush, George W.,
43
,
69
,
96
,
106

Byzantine emperors,
28
,
52
,
115
–
16

CACI,
15

Caesar,
28
,
91

Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam,
87

CARE,
80

CARITAS,
80

Carson, Johnnie,
141

Carthage,
27
–
28

Castro, Fidel,
82

Cathars,
90
–
91

Catherine of Siena, Saint,
26
,
45

CBO (Congressional Budget Office),
9
,
24
,
46

Central African Republic,
53

Central America,
83

Chad,
53

Chan, Julius,
39

Charles II (king),
33

Charles VII (king),
32

Chaucer, Geoffrey,
26

Chea, Daniel,
116
,
128

Chevron,
82

Chicago school of economics,
41
–
42

child soldiers,
103
,
123

China: economic competition in,
67

mercenaries in,
37

Nobel Committee and,
87
–
88

PMCs,
152
,
153
–
54

Rome Statute and,
78

sacred and temporal authorities disputes in,
86

CIA (Central Intelligence Agency),
56

Citigroup,
81

citizenship of PMCs employees,
24
–
25

city-states use of mercenaries,
29

civilian casualties: drones and,
45

in Haditha, Iraq,
61
–
62
,
65

in Liberia,
104

in modern war,
92
,
93

civilians vs. combatants,
93
,
95
,
103

Clarridge, Duane,
56

Clausewitz, Carl von,
45
,
65
,
92
,
93
,
94

Clinton, Bill,
43
,
95

CNN,
44
,
106
,
135

Coase, Ronald,
41

codependency between the US and PMCs,
xiv
,
19
–
25
,
20
f
,
21
f
,
23
f
,
96
–
97

COIN.
See
counterinsurgency

Cold War: changed warfare method for the,
68

end of the,
69

privatization beginning during the,
41

security vacuum post,
43
–
44

Somalia and the,
133

Colombia,
44

combatants: humanizing war for,
44

lawful vs. unlawful,
68
,
92

mercenaries as,
37
,
38

vs. civilian in neomedieval warfare,
93
,
95
,
103

Commission on Wartime Contracting,
22

commodification of conflict.
See
market for force; private military companies (PMCs)

Comoros Islands,
37

Company of the Hat,
26

Company of the Star,
26

Compass Security,
158

Concordat of Worms (1122),
86

conflict, commodification of,
18

Congo,
13
,
70
,
147
,
155

Congo Crisis of 1960–1968,
37

Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC),
53
,
70
,
94
,
99
,
159

Congressional Budget Office (CBO),
9
,
24
,
46

Congressional Research Service,
9
,
122
,
153

conspiracy theories regarding PMCs,
9
–
10

Constitution of Liberty, The
(Hayek),
42

contracting officer’s technical representatives (COTRs),
58
,
120
–
21

contracts: Blackwater,
53

COTRs,
58
,
120
–
21

DOD obligations,
19

honoring,
52

IDIQ,
107
–
8

for Liberian armed forces,
107
–
10
,
169
–
83

logistical,
22
–
23
,
23
f

notice to proceed,
108

RFPs,
107
,
108

statement of work (SOW),
108
,
110

time and materials,
24

weak enforcement of,
59
–
60
,
163

contract warfare: for all domains of war,
156

enforcement and,
59

independent mercenaries and,
28

in the Middle Ages,
28
,
40
,
51
,
63

moral hazard and,
56
–
58

private armies and,
95
–
98
,
See also
market for force trends

Control Risks Group,
36
,
80

Corporate Warriors
(Singer),
11
,
12

Côte d’Ivoire,
53
,
55
,
101
,
152

Coterels family,
83

COTRs (contracting officer’s technical representatives),
58
,
120
–
21

Council of Constance,
77

counterinsurgency,
23
,
36
,
38
,
54
,
62
,
155
,
157

Crimean War,
35

criminal organizations, international,
83

Cromwell, Oliver,
33

cyber-warfare,
xiii
,
16
t
,
156
,
167

Czechoslovakia,
84