The Roberts Court: The Struggle for the Constitution (55 page)

6
. George W. Bush,
Decision Points
, Crown, 2010, p. 102.

7
. Author’s interview with Walter Dellinger of O’Melveny & Myers, May 2011.

8
. Author’s interview with Michael Madden, February 2011.

9
. Jessica Blanchard, “Supreme Court to Hear Seattle Schools Race Case,”
Seattle Post-Intelligencer
, June 5, 2006.

10
. National Review Online, June 6, 2006.

11
. A Conversation with Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Ohio State University Moritz College of Law, symposium on the Jurisprudence of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, April 10, 2009.

12
. Analyses of 2005–06 voting patterns of justices by Thomas Goldstein, scotusblog.

1
. Author’s interview with Michael Madden, February 2011.

2
. 
Scribes Journal of Legal Writing
(2010), interviews with the justices.

3
. Ibid.

4
. Author’s interview with Harry Korrell, February 2011.

5
. Author’s interview with Sharon Browne, March 2011.

6
. Author’s interview with Theodore Olson, July 2011.

7
. Seth Waxman, Solicitor General of the United States, “Presenting the Case of the United States as It Should Be: The Solicitor General in Historical Context,” Address to the Supreme Court Historical Society, June 1, 1998.

8
. Author’s interviews with former Department of Justice attorneys.

9
. Author’s interview with Michael Madden, February 2011.

10
. Jeffrey Toobin, “After Stevens,”
New Yorker
, March 22, 2010.

11
. Author’s interviews with justices.

12
. Author’s interview with Justice Antonin Scalia, July 2011.

1
. 
Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co
., rejecting the long-standing policy of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, held that Title VII’s statute of limitation period (180 or 300 days) for filing a pay bias charge begins to run when “each allegedly discriminatory pay decision was made and communicated” to the employee and does not start over with each later paycheck;
  
Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation
: An old precedent permitting limited taxpayer standing to challenge government expenditures in violation of the First Amendment’s establishment clause does not allow challenges to the Bush administration’s use of federal funds to support its Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives program.
  
National Association of Home Builders v. Defenders of Wildlife
: The consultation requirement in the Endangered Species Act does not apply to the Environmental Protection Agency’s transfer of water permitting authority to states under the Clean Water Act.

2
. 
Morse v. Frederick
, 551 U.S. 393 (2007), Thomas concurring.

3
. 
Ayers v. Belmontes
, 127 S.Ct. 469 (2006), Scalia, joined by Thomas, concurring.

4
. Author’s interview with John Payton, February 2011.

5
. Adam Liptak, “The Same Words, but Differing Views,”
New York Times
, June 29, 2007.

6
. 
Fisher v. University of Texas-Austin
, No. 11-345, argued Oct. 10, 2012.

7
. Marcia Coyle, “Prevailing Winds: In the First Full Term with Alito, Court Took Marked Conservative Turn,”
National Law Journal
, Aug. 1, 2007.

1
. 
U.S. v. Emerson
, 270 F.3d 203 (CA5 2001).

2
. 
U.S. v. Miller
, 307 U.S. 174 (1939).

3
. John Ashcroft, Attorney General of the United States, Letter to James Jay Baker, executive director, National Rifle Association, Institute for Legal Action, May 17, 2001.

4
. John Ashcroft, Memorandum to All United States’ Attorneys, Nov. 9, 2001.

5
. Author’s interview with Clark Neily, September 2010.

6
. Author’s interview with Robert Levy, September 2010.

7
. Author’s telephone interview with David Lehman, September 2010.

8
. Author’s interview with Alan Gura, September 2010.

9
. Author’s telephone interview with Stephen Halbrook, September 2010.

10
. Author’s telephone interview with Dennis Henigan, September 2010.

11
. 
Parker v. District of Columbia
, 311 F. Supp. 2d 163 (2004).

12
. 
Parker v. District of Columbia
, 478 F.3d 370 (CA D.C. 2007).

13
. Author’s telephone interviews with Dick Heller and Dan Von Breichenruchardt, November 2010.

14
. David Nakamura and Robert Barnes, “Appeals Court Guts Strict D.C. Handgun Law,”
Washington Post
, Feb. 11, 2007.

15
. Christine Hauser, “Virginia Tech Shooting Leaves 33 Dead,”
New York Times
, April 16, 2007.

1
. Antonin Scalia,
A Matter of Interpretation
(Princeton: 1997), pp. 136–137, note 13.

2
. Author’s interview with Alan Morrison, September 2010.

3
. 
District of Columbia v. Dick Anthony Heller
, Petition for a writ of certiorari, 07-290.

4
. 
District of Columbia v. Dick Anthony Heller
, Brief in response to petition for writ of certiorari, 07-290.

5
. 
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
, 543 U.S. 507 (2004);
Rumsfeld v. Padilla
, 542 U.S. 426 (2004);
Rasul v. Bush/Al Odah v. U.S
., 542 U.S. 466 (2004);
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
, 548 U.S. 557 (2006).

6
. Robert Barnes, “Administration Rankles Some with Silence in Handgun Case,”
Washington Post
, Jan. 20, 2008.

7
. Dick Cheney,
In My Time
(Simon & Schuster, 2011), p. 495.

8
. Author’s telephone interview with Peter Nickles, September 2010.

9
. Author’s interview with Walter Dellinger, September 2010.

10
. Paul Collins Jr.,
Friends of the Supreme Court: Interest Groups and Judicial Decisionmaking
, New York: Oxford University Press, 2008; Marcia Coyle, “Amicus Briefs are Ammo for Gun Case,”
National Law Journal
, interview with Paul Collins Jr., March 10, 2008.

1
. Author’s interview with Justice Antonin Scalia, July 2011.

2
. Randy Barnett, “Scalia’s Infidelity: A Critique of Faint-Hearted Originalism,” William Howard Taft Lecture at the University of Cincinnati College of Law, Feb. 2, 2006.

3
. Stephen Breyer,
Making Our Democracy Work
(Random House, 2011), pp. 80–81.

4
. 
Scribes Journal of Legal Writing
(2010).

5
. “Notebook: Alito Is a Springsteen Fan,” Associated Press, Jan. 9, 2006.

6
. “Civil Rights: The Heller Case.” Minutes from a Convention of the Federalist Society, Nov. 20, 2008.

7
. J. Harvie Wilkinson III, “Of Guns, Abortions, and the Unraveling Rule of Law,”
Va. L. Rev
. 95, no. 2, April 2009.

8
. Richard A. Posner, “In Defense of Looseness: The Supreme Court and Gun Control,”
New Republic
, Aug. 27, 2008.

9
. Village of Morton Grove Handgun Ordinance, Morton Grove Public Library, July 29, 2008,
www.webrary.org/ref/handgun.html
.

10
. Author’s telephone interview with Dan Staackmann, Morton Grove Village president, August 2011.

1
. Author’s interviews with David Bossie, April and May 2011.

2
. George Lardner Jr. and Juliet Eilperin, “Burton Apologizes to GOP,”
Washington Post
, May 7, 1998.

3
. Glen Elsasser, “And the Last Shall Be 51st,”
Chicago Tribune
, November 22, 1993.

4
. Author’s interviews with Michael Boos, April and May 2011.

5
. Federal Election Campaign Laws: A Short History,
www.fec.gov/info/appfour.gov
.

6
. Adam Liptak, “Justice Defends Ruling on Finance,”
New York Times
, Feb. 4, 2010.

7
. Richard L. Hasen, “Citizens United and the Illusion of Coherence,” Richard L. Hasen, 109
Mich. L. Rev
., 581 (2011).

8
. Ibid.

9
. Eric Lichtblau, “Long Battle by Foes of Campaign Finance Rules Shifts Landscape,”
New York Times
, Oct. 15, 2010.

1
. Author’s interview with James Bopp Jr., May 2011.

2
. Author’s interviews with David Bossie, April and May 2011, and with James Bopp Jr., May 2011.

3
. California’s Proposition 8, also known as the California Marriage Protection Act, was a ballot initiative approved by voters in 2008 that amended the state constitution to prohibit same-sex marriage.

4
. Author’s telephone interview with Theodore B. Olson, July 2011.

5
. Barry Meier, “A New Round in a Long Coal Battle,”
New York Times
, Nov. 9, 2010.

6
. Marcia Coyle, “High Court Review Sought on Judicial Recusals,”
National Law Journal
, Aug. 4, 2008.

7
. 
Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co
., Petition for a writ of certiorari, No. 08-22.

8
. The Voting Rights Act of 1965, History of Federal Voting Rights Laws, U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division.

9
. The two cases backed by Edward Blum in the 2012–13 Supreme Court term are
Fisher v. University of Texas-Austin
and
Shelby County, Ala. v. Holder
.

1
. The decision was
Maloney v. Cuomo
, a ruling by a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Sotomayor was on the panel that rejected a man’s claim that a New York ban on the martial arts weapon, nunchaku, violated the Second Amendment.

2
. David Savage and James Oliphant, “Senate Set to Begin Sotomayor Debate; NRA is urging senators to vote against the Supreme Court nominee,”
Los Angeles Times
, Aug. 4, 2009.

3
. Warren Richey, “Sotomayor: ‘Wise Latina’ a bad choice of words,”
Christian Science Monitor
, July 14, 2009.

4
. Marcia Coyle, “The Case at the Center of Citizens United,”
National Law Journal
, Aug. 3, 2009.

5
. Author’s interview with Justice Antonin Scalia, July 2011.

6
. Author’s interview with Norman Ornstein, American Enterprise Institute, September 2011.

7
. Heather Gerken, Yale Law School, “Campaign Finance and the Doctrinal Death Match,” Balkinization,
balkin.blogspot.com/2011/06/campaign-finance-and-doctrinal-death.html
.

1
. Author’s interview with former Florida attorney general Bill McCollum, June 2012.

2
. Jordan Fabian, “State Ags request Reid, Pelosi drop Nebraska Medicaid funds from health bill,”
The Hill
, Dec. 30, 2009.

3
. David Rivkin and Lee A. Casey, “Mandatory Insurance Is Unconstitutional,”
Wall Street Journal
, Sept. 18, 2009.

4
. Author’s interviews with David Rivkin and Lee Casey, May 2012.

5
. “Tea Party Activists Make Last Stand Against Health Care Vote,”
Foxnews.com
, March 20, 2010.

6
. Randy Barnett, Nathaniel Stewart, and Todd Gaziano, “Why the Personal Mandate to Buy Health Insurance Is Unprecedented and Unconstitutional,” Heritage Foundation Legal Memorandum, No. 49, Dec. 9, 2009.

7
. Letter from James Madison to J. C. Cabell, Feb. 13, 1829, The Constitutional Sources Project,
www.consource.org/document/james-madison-to-j-c-cabell-1829-7-1-2/
.

8
. Jim Chen, “The Story of
Wickard v. Filburn
,” University of Louisville Law School Legal Studies Research Paper Series, No. 2008-40 (available at
http://ssrn.com/abstract=1268162
).

9
. Marcia Coyle, “Supreme RX: The health care law’s pro-and-con spin doctors,”
National Law Journal
, Nov. 9, 2011.

10
. Author’s interview with Robert Weiner, June 2012.

11
. Although Justice Stevens concluded that the death penalty was unconstitutional in
Baze v. Rees
, he concurred in the decision upholding Kentucky’s lethal injection procedures out of respect for the Court’s precedents on the death penalty. He explained: “The conclusion that I have reached with regard to the constitutionality of the death penalty itself makes my decision in this case particularly difficult. It does not, however, justify a refusal to respect precedents that remain a part of our law. This Court has held that the death penalty is constitutional, and has established a framework for evaluating the constitutionality of particular methods of execution. Under those precedents, whether
as interpreted by The Chief Justice or Justice Ginsburg, I am persuaded that the evidence adduced by petitioners fails to prove that Kentucky’s lethal injection protocol violates the Eighth Amendment. Accordingly, I join the Court’s judgment.”

12
. Biskupic, Joan, “Justice Stevens Keeps Cards Close to Robe,”
USA Today
, March 12, 2010.