The Rocks Don't Lie: A Geologist Investigates Noah's Flood (45 page)

of Black Sea mud layer, 220, 221

of human coprolites, 212–13

of Lake Missoula ice dams, 211

of mammoths, 185, 193

of Santorini volcanic ash, 217

wood samples used for, 193

radiometric dating, 5, 17–19, 28, 29, 32, 185, 191–93, 195, 196, 197, 198, 230–31

raindrop craters, 233

rainwater, percolating, 24

Ramm, Bernard, 197–98, 226

Rank, Otto, 168–69

Rawlinson, Henry, 144, 149

Redwall Limestone, 24, 27

Relics of the Flood
(Buckland), 125

Renaissance, 41, 97, 162

Revelation, Book of, 50, 162

rift volcanism, 241

ripple marks, 233

giant, 206, 209–10

rivers, 35, 55, 67, 75, 101, 124, 125, 180, 205

alluvial deposits of, 112, 122

annual flooding of, 172, 176

flood control measures on, 153, 173–74

in Garden of Eden, 169

ice dam collapses of,
see
glacial ice dams

Siberian, 212

valleys and gorges of, 1–7, 9, 112, 131, 132,
132,
138, 206

Robigou, Véronique,
18
,
21
,
244

Roman Catholic Church, 35–51, 57, 61, 166

Council of Trent of, 48, 162–63

early, 35–41

Galileo grounded by, 10, 46–50, 51, 54, 99

heresy condemned by, 45–50, 99, 100, 162–63

Order of the Oratory of, 163

science vs., 45–51

Steno’s conversion to, 63–64

Romans, ancient, 98, 113

flood story repeated by, 158–59

Royal Geographical Society, 260
n

Royal Society of Edinburgh, 104–6

Royal Society of London, 70, 73–75, 85, 101

Copley Medal of, 125

Halley’s address to, 74–75

Ryan, Bill, 11, 221–23

Ryle, Herbert, 170–71

Sacred Criticism
(
Critica Sacra
) (Cappel), 161–62

Sacred Origins
(
Origines Sacrae
) (Stillingfleet), 50

Sacred Physics
(Scheuchzer),
65,
83,
83

Sacred Theory of the Earth
(Barnet), 65–69

Saint Helens, Mount, 10

sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride), 103

saliva ducts, 57

Samuel, First and Second Books of, 167

sand, 16–17, 32, 101, 115, 119, 124

quartz, 25

slopes supported by, 24

sand dunes, fossilized, 25

sandstone, 19, 20, 23, 24–25, 103, 113–14, 195

Coconino, 25, 26, 27

graywacke, 93–96,
95,
102, 107–8

Old Red, 93–96,
95,
102, 107–8

Santiam Kalapuya Indians, 212

Santorini (Thera), 217–18

Satapatha Brahmana,
159

scablands,
see
channeled scablands

Scandinavia, 214–15

Scheuchzer, Johann,
65,
81–84,
83,
118

schist, 32

formation of, 17–19

see also
Visnhu Schist

Schofield Reference Bible,
188

science, 43, 64, 72, 80, 85, 114, 127, 259
n

creationism vs., 12, 179–81, 194–97, 237–39, 245

flood geology vs., 187, 188, 191–98, 226–35, 236, 237–39

religion vs., xii–xiv, 9–14, 45–51, 63, 113, 122–23, 129, 131, 136, 141, 170–71, 178, 191, 197–98, 247–57

resistance to change in, 253

serendipitous nature of progress in, 60

Science,
188

Scopes, John Thomas, 190–91

Scotland, 93–96,
94,
95,
102–14, 126, 130–31, 167

scriptural geologists, 140

Scrope, George Poulett, 131–33

sea gypsies, 8

sea levels, 35, 42, 218–23

seas, 67

ancient, 17, 19, 22–23, 24, 26, 27, 31–34, 42, 58–60, 94–95, 100, 101, 104–6, 136, 245

inland, 135

topography of, 240–44

Second Coming, 96–97

sectarianism, 183

secular modernism, 248

Sedgwick, Adam, 126, 136, 138, 139

sedimentary rock, 21, 42, 59–61, 80, 82, 101–2, 103–9, 114, 188, 194–97, 228–32, 235, 243, 249

British, 103, 118

conformable layers of, 21

dinosaur tracks in, 181

drill cores of, 195

formation of, 20, 195, 239

granite veins in, 19, 20, 32, 105, 106–7

individual layers of, 25

insoluble materials in, 106

marine, 19, 20, 32

solidifaction of, 104–5

see also
deformation; geologic time

sediments, 15–20, 24, 59–62, 103–6, 125, 189, 195, 196, 228–32, 245

backwater, 210–11

of Black Sea layers, 220, 221

hydraulic sorting of, 229–30, 235

of lake terraces, 2–6

marine, 19, 20, 31–34

sediments (
continued
)

settling-out time needed for, 25

as sorted by density, 71, 72, 73, 229

surficial, 90, 115–17, 118, 120–29, 139, 140

see also
deposition

seismology, 242–43

Seventh-day Adventism, 186–87

Sevy, Elaine, 260
n

shale, 19, 20, 23, 24–25, 195

Bright Angel, 22–23

Hermit, 25

shark’s teeth, 58–60

Shell Oil Company, 195–96

Shoshone Indians, 212

Shuruppak,
147,
149, 154, 222–23

Siberian mammoths, 84, 86, 88, 100, 110, 112–13, 127, 178, 185

Siberian rivers, 212

Siccar Point site, 93–96,
94,
95,
102, 107–8, 109, 111, 130, 229

Silurian Period, 95–96,
95

Simeulue Island, 216

Simon, Richard, 163

Smith, George, 143–50,
144,
152, 153–54, 156

Smith, William, 118

Snake River, 208

Society of Biblical Archaeology, 147

soils, 53, 74, 103, 112, 166–67, 243

Solomon, King, 97–98

Solon, 217–18

sonar, 240–41

South America, 80, 85, 243

Spokane Flood, 205, 207

Spokane Indians, 212

Stackhouse Bible, 120

Stationers’ Company, 98

Stensen, Niels “Steno,” xiii, 56–64, 69, 71, 79, 98, 102, 233, 249

beatification of, 64

Catholic conversion of, 63–64

field observations of, 58, 60, 61

geological principles formulated by, 59–61, 64, 70, 77, 191, 196

medical training of, 57–58

six-stage model of, 61–62,
62

Woodward’s plagiarizing of, 72–73

Stillingfleet, Edward, 56

Stono plantation, 85–86

stratigraphic columns,
18,
233

stratigraphy,
18,
20, 26, 60, 105, 128–29, 136, 189, 196, 209, 229, 232–34

structural mapping, 194, 233

Stuiver, Minze, 231

subduction zones, 216, 242–43,
244

subterranean abyss, 55, 61–62,
62,
63, 66–67, 69, 71, 75–76, 83, 110–11, 113, 187, 228

Subterranean World
(
Mundus Subterraneus
) (Kircher), 55

Sumerians, 143–50,
147,
152, 153–54, 222–23

Sun, 13, 42, 54, 76, 99, 101, 251, 252

in Copernican system, 45–49

Supai Group, 24

supergeyser eruptions, 245

Superior, Lake, 214

surficial sediments, 90, 115–17,
118,
120–29, 139, 140,
140

Switzerland, 81–84, 119

Tapeats Sandstone, 19, 27

unconformity of, 21–22,
21

tear glands, 57

telescope, invention of, 46–47, 48

Tell Obd site, 152

“tellus,” 167

“terra,” 166–67

Texas, 196–97, 231

Theory of the Earth
(Hutton), 108–10, 111–13

Thera (Santorini), 217–18

thrust faults, 233