The Social Animal (66 page)

18
Some scientists believe that
Michael S. Gazzaniga,
Human: The Science Behind What Makes Us Unique
(New York: Harper Perennial, 2008), 210.

19
As Daniel Levitin observes
Daniel J. Levitin,
This Is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession
(New York: Dutton, 2006), 116.

20
Leonard Meyer showed
Leonard Meyer,
Emotion and Meaning in Music
(Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1961).

21
Depending on lighting
Semir Zeki,
Splendors and Miseries of the Brain: Love, Creativity, and the Quest for Human Happiness
(Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009), 29.

22
“Our perception of the world”
Chris Frith,
Making Up the Mind: How the Brain Creates Our Mental World
(Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2007), 111.

23
They like lush open grasses
Denis Dutton,
The Art Instinct: Beauty, Pleasure, and Human Evolution
(New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2009), 17-19.

24
people like fractals
Gazzaniga, 229.

25
Humans generally prefer patterns
Gazzaniga, 230.

26
“a book club that meets”
Gene D. Cohen,
The Mature Mind: The Positive Power of the Aging Brain
(New York: Basic Books, 2005), 148.

27
He wanted to change
Lehrer, 87.

28
“I went on with the conversation”
Nancy C. Andreasen,
The Creative Brain: The Science of Genius
(New York: Plume, 2006), 44.

29
“An idea will come”
Guy Claxton,
Hare Brain, Tortoise Mind: How Intelligence Increases When You Think Less
(New York: Harper Perennial, 2000), 60.

30
People with college degrees
Cozolino, 28.

31
People with larger vocabularies
Cozolino, 29-30.

32
seniors who participate in arts
Cohen, 178.

33
Malcolm Gladwell wrote
Malcolm Gladwell, “Late Bloomers,”
The New Yorker
, October 20, 2008,
http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2008/10/20/081020fa_fact_gladwell
.

34
“A sense of isolation”
Kenneth Clark, “The Artist Grows Old,”
Daedalus
135, no. 1 (Winter 2006): 87,
http://mitpress.mit.edu/journals/pdf/Clark_77_90.pdf
.

35
“We pass on culture”
Scruton, 44.

36
“Man may rise”
Kenneth S. Clark,
Civilization: A Personal View
(New York: Harper & Row, 1969), 60.

37
The cathedrals were not
Michael Ward, “C. S. Lewis and the Star of Bethlehem,”
Books & Culture
, January-February 2008,
http://www.booksandculture.com/articles/2008/janfeb/15.30.html
.

CHAPTER
22: MEANING

1
“He would have to say”
Lydia Davis, “Happiest Moment,” in
Samuel Johnson Is Indignant
(New York: Picador, 2002), 50.

2
sunlight and natural scenes
Esther M. Sternberg,
Healing Spaces: The Science of Place and Well-Being
(Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2009), 49.

3
a study done in Milan
Sternberg, 50.

4
“Nature draws us because”
Charles Taylor,
Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity
(Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 2006), 297.

5
psychologist Ellen Langer
Jennifer Ruark, “The Art of Living Mindfully,”
The Chronicle of Higher Education
, January 3, 2010,
http://chronicle.com/article/The-Art-of-Living-Mindfully/63292/
.

6
“reminiscence bump”
Daniel L. Schacter,
Searching For Memory: The Brain, The Mind, and the Past
(New York: Basic Books, 1996), 298.

7
He simply could not remember
George E. Vaillant,
Aging Well: Surprising Guideposts to a Happier Life from the Landmark Harvard Study of Adult Development
(New York: Little, Brown & Co., 2002), 31.

8
But at age seventy
Vaillant, 10-11.

9
“How pleasant is the day”
Louis Cozolino,
The Healthy Aging Brain: Sustaining Attachment, Attaining Wisdom
(New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2008), 188.

10
“Man’s search for meaning”
Viktor Emil Frankl,
Man’s Search for Meaning
(Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1992), 105.

11
[*”He who has a *]
why”
Frankl, 84.

12
“We had to learn ourselves”
Frankl, 85.

13
Erving Goffman argues
Erving Goffman,
The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
(New York: Anchor Books, 1962).

14
there are no simple progressions
Roy F. Baumeister,
The Cultural Animal: Human Nature, Meaning, and Social Life
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 167.

15
“We can never”
Immanuel Kant, “Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals,”
Basic Writings of Kant
, ed. Allan Wood (New York: Random House, 2001), 165.

16
Numerous studies have shown
Timothy D. Wilson,
Strangers to Ourselves
(Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2002), 84.

17
Dan McAdams writes
Dan P. McAdams,
The Redemptive Self: Stories Americans Live By
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006).

18
rumination made depressed people
Wilson, 175-76.

19
“How pathetically scanty”
Steven Johnson,
Mind Wide Open: Your Brain and the Neuroscience of Everyday Life
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004), 1.

DAVID
BROOKS
writes an op-ed column for
The New York Times
. Previously, he has been a senior editor at
The Weekly Standard
, a contributing editor at
Newsweek
and
The Atlantic Monthly
, and an op-ed editor at
The Wall Street Journal
. He is currently a commentator on
PBS
News-Hour
and contributes regularly to
Meet the Press
and NPR’s
All Things Considered
. He is the author of
Bobos in Paradise: The New Upper Class and How They Got There
and
On Paradise Drive: How We Live Now (And Always Have) in the Future Tense
. His articles have appeared in
The New Yorker, The New York Times Magazine, Forbes, The Washington Post, The Times Literary Supplement, Commentary, The Public Interest
, and many other magazines. David Brooks lives in Maryland.