The Trial of Henry Kissinger (22 page)

"derogatory blind memo. "

Dr. Henry A. Kissinger

September 3, 1987 Page 3

We ask that, in order to complete the historical record you provide Mr. Demetracopoulos promptly with copies of the mentioned documents.

Sincerely yours.

William A. Dobrovir

Enclosures

jk

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

When
Harper's
magazine was good enough to publish the two long essays that together became the core of this book, my friend and publisher Rick MacArthur sent an early copy round to ABC News in New York. Since we had criticized the deference of the American media quite as much as we had attacked the moral sloth of the overfed American "human rights"

community, he thought it was only fair to give
Nightline's
producer the right of reply. After an interval, we got our answer. "Is there," said the top man at that top-rated Kissinger-showcasing show, "anything new here?"

Rick and I hugged ourselves with promised laughter at that. In Washington and New York and Los Angeles and every other cultural capital, the shallow demand for novelty is also an ally of a favorite spin-tactic of the powerful, which is to confront a serious allegation not by refusing to deny it but instead by trying to reclassify it as "old news." And of course, the joke was therefore on the producer, who had come up with a stale and predictable and exhausted response. (We later asked him if there was anything fresh about his question.) Had it been asked in good faith, of course, that same question would still require a straight answer. Here it is. The information in this book is not "new" to the people of East Timor and Cyprus and Bangladesh and Laos and Cambodia, whose societies were laid waste by a depraved statecraft.

Nor is it "new" to the relatives of the tortured and disappeared and murdered in Chile. But it
would
be new to anyone who relied on ABC News for information. It is not new to the degraded statesmen who agree to appear on that network in return for being asked flattering questions. But some of it might come as news to the many decent Americans who saw their own laws and protections violated, and their own money spent in their name but without their leave, for atrocious purposes that could not be disclosed, by the Nixon-Kissinger gang. Oh yes, this is an old story all right. But I hope and intend to contribute to writing its ending.

As a matter of fact, there
are
a few disclosures in the book; some of the new material shocked even its author. But I'm not here to acknowledge my own work. Wherever possible, I give credit and attribution in the narrative itself. Some debts must still be mentioned.

Nobody in Washington who takes on the Kissinger matter can ever be clear of debt to Seymour Hersh, who first contrasted the man's reputation with his actions, and by this method alone, as well as by heroic excavations of the record, began the slow process which will one day catch up with the worthless, evasive cleverness of official evil. This is a battle for transparency and for historical truth, among other things, and if Hersh has any rival in that area it is Scott Armstrong, founder of the National Security Archive, which has been deputizing as Washington's equivalent of a Truth and Justice Commission until the real thing comes along. ("Then let us pray that come it may...") During their long absence from the moral radar-screen of the West, the people of East Timor could have had no better and braver friends than Amy Goodman and Allan Nairn. The family of Orlando Letelier, and the families of so many other Chilean victims, could always count on Peter Kornbluh, Saul Landau and John Dinges, who in Washington have helped keep alive a case of crucial importance that will one day be vindicated. Lucy Komisar, Mark Hertsgaard, Fred Branfman, Kevin Buckley, Lawrence Lifschultz will, I know, all recognize themselves in my borrowings from their more original and more courageous work.

Sometimes a chat with an editor can be encouraging; sometimes not. I was in the middle part of my first explanatory sentence with Lewis Lapham, editor of
Harper's
magazine, when he broke in to say: "Done. Write it. High time. We'll do it." I didn't trust myself then to thank him, as I do now. So instead I got on with it, which I could not have done without the unusual Ben Metcalf at the
Harper's
office. Together with Sarah Vos and Jennifer Szalai, punctilious fact-checkers, we went over it again and again, marvelously nauseated at the renewed realization that it was all true.

The current state of international human-rights legislation is highly inchoate. But, in an uneven yet seemingly discernible fashion, it is evolving to the point where people like Kissinger are no longer above the law. Welcome and unexpected developments have had a vertiginous effect: I hope that my closing section on this area is out of date by the time it is published. For their help in guiding me through the existing statutes and precedents, I am enormously obliged to Nicole Barrett of Columbia University, to Jamin Raskin and Michael Tigar at the Washington College of Law at American University, and to Geoffrey Robertson QC.

There are very few mirthful moments in these pages. Still, I remember so well the day in 1976 when Martin Amis, then my colleague at the
New Statesman
, told me that his literary pages would serialize Joseph Heller's
Good as Gold
. He showed me the proposed extract.

Chapters 7 and 8 of that novel, in particular, are imperishable satire, and must be read and reread. (The relevant passage of sustained and obscene and well-reasoned abuse, which shames the publishing industry as well as the journalistic racket for its complicity with this deceitful and humorless toad, begins with the sentence: "Even that fat little fuck Henry Kissinger was writing a book!") I later became a friend of Joe Heller, whose death in 1999 was a calamity for so many of us, and my last acknowledgement is to the invigorating effect of his warm, broad-minded, hilarious, serious, and unquenchable indignation.

Christopher Hitchens

Washington, DC,

25 January 2001

INDEX

ABC News 148,149

Nightline
148

Abourezk, James 119

Abrams, General Creighton 22,28

civilian casualties 33

Agnew, Spiro T. 13,113,135,144

Aldrich, George 104

Algeria 34

Allende, Dr Salvador

election alarms Nixon 55-6

overthrow 67

US plot against 56-66, 72-3

Ambler, Eric 127

Ambrose, Stephen 9

Amis, Martin 150

Anderson, Jack 40,107

Anderson, Robert

denies Cyprus coup 85

Angola 103^, 106-7

Armstrong, Scott 149

The Arrogance of Power: The Secret World of Richard Nixon
(Summers and Swan) 13,132, 133-7

Aspin, Les 54

Aubrac, Raymond 19,21

Aung San Suu Kyi, Daw 124

Bangladesh 129

US manipulations 50-54

Barrett, Nicole 130n, 150

Blood, Archer 44-5,46,47

Bonanos, General Grigorios

The Truth
85

Booster, Davis Eugene 52

Boyatt, Thomas 81,83

Branfman, Fred 39-40,149

Bremer, Jeremy 101,105

Brown, General George 17

Brown, Jerome 39

Brown, Tina 4

Brzezinksi, Zbigniew 14

Buckley, Kevin 30-33,149

Bullene, General Egbert F. 28

Bundy, McGeorge 29-30,143

Bundy, William 15,135

The Tangled Web 14

Burdick, Quentin N. 115,117

Burma 124

Bush Sr, George 113

Callaghan, James 87

Cambodia 7,129

bombing of 30,34-40

Khmer Rouge 23-4

Korda's jest 1,5

Casey, William 147

Cavallo, Ricardo Miguel 130

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

overseen by the Forty Committee 16-18

Chennault, Anna 8,9

peace negotiations 12,13-14,135

Washington role 10

Cherry, Philip 52,54

Chile

CIA and Contreras 72-6

international law 129,130

overthrow of Allende 55-67

Pinochet's rule 67-71

China

and Cyprus 88

Kissinger's business in 121-3

and Pakistan 47-50

Chotiner, Murray 112

Chou En Lai

and Pakistan 47-50

Choudhury,G.W. 48

Christian, George 8

Church, Frank 119

Churchill, George 118

Clements Jr, William P. 17

Clifford, Clark 14,135,143

Counsel to the President 9-11

Colby, William 17,29-30

Connally, John 8

Constantopoulos, Sawas 85

Contreras, Colonel Manuel 70,

CIA relationship 73-4,75-6

Corson, Colonel William 27

Counsel to the President
(Clifford) 9-11

Cuba 78

Cyprus

overthrow of Makarios 77-84

Daewoo 124

A Dangerous Place (Moynihan) 92

De Loach, Cartha (Deke) 8,12-13

Dean, John 7

Demetracopoulos, Elias P. 82,86, 146-7

makes enemies 108-13

and Pappas 111-13

unable to see father 115-16

vendetta against 114-19

Deng Xiaoping 88,122

Diem, Bui 12

Dinges, John 149

Diplomacy (Kissinger) 93

Dobrovir, William A. 109-10,146-7

Donovan, Major General Leo 28

Eagleburger, Lawrence 101-6 Kissinger Associates 121,123

East Timor

Ford undermines Kissinger 107

Indonesian invasion 91-2

Kissinger questioned about 93-8

Kissinger's relations with Indonesia

post-colonial vaccum 90-91

State Department row 101-7

Eisenhower, Dwight D. 34

Ellsberg, Daniel 117

Evans, Harold 4

Evans, Rowland 113

Farooq, Major 51 Fawcett, J.E.S. 88

Ford, Gerald R. x

on the Forty Committee 17

Cambodia 24

East Timor 91-2,94,95,96,97, 107

meets Mujib 50

Forty Committee 16-18

oversees CIA 16-18

Freeport McMoRan 98,122,124

Frei, Eduardo 57

Fuentes de Alarcon, Jorge Isaac 68

Fulbright, William J. 82,86,115

Gandhi, Indira

Nixon's dislike for 49

Garzon, Baltasar 130

Gaulle, Charles de and Vietnam 22-3

Gelb, Les 103-4

Goa 94,99

Goodman, Amy 97-8,149

Gore, Louise 113

Gravel, Mike 115,117

Gray, Patrick 8

Greece

and Cyprus 78-80,80-84

and Demetracopoulos 111-19

rule of the generals 80,86,87, 108-9

Griffin, George 53

Habib, Philip 101-6

Haig, General Alexander 61

Cambodia 36,37

Haldeman, H.R. 143

on Cambodia 36,37

excitement over Cuban soccer 78-9

investigating 1968

campaign 7-9

on Kissinger's election concerns 22

on secrets of Kissinger 42-3

Handwerk, General Morris 28

Harper's magazine 150

Harriman, Averell 11,21

Hecksher, Henry 65

Heinz (H.J.) Corporation 121

Heller, Joseph v, 150

Good as Gold v, 150

Helms, Richard

against Allende 56,57

Hersh, Seymour 14,119,135,149

Hertsgaard, Mark 149

Hirota, Koki 29, 34

Holbrooke, Richard

Vietnam peace negotiations 9,11-12,135

Hoover, J. Edgar 42

Horman, Charles 68

Humphrey, Hubert 6

peace negotiations 10,13,14,135,137,141

Huntingdon, Samuel 14

Hutschnecker, Dr Arnold A. 134,136

Hyland, William 103

In the First Line of Defense

(Panayotakos) 117-18 India

Goa 94,99

Nixon's dislike of 49 Indonesia

Kissinger's business in 124-6

population and human rights 97-8

see also East Timor

Ingersoll, Robert 101-6

Ioannides, Dimitrios 80-81,82,83 Iraq

Kissinger's business in 123

Irwin, John 53

Isaacson, Walter 14

Viauxplot 64

Jackson, Henry 82

Johnson, Lyndon B.

blackmail 7-9

bombing halt 21,41

peace negotiations 13,135,141, 143

The Vantage Point 14

Kamm, Henry 39

Karamessines, Thomas 57,61-2,65

Keating, Kenneth 46-7

Kendall, Donald 56

Kennedy, Edward 39,115,116

Khan, General Yahya 45-7,49, 50,53

Kissinger, Henry

Allende overthrow 61

approaches to China 48-50

author's response to 133-7, 141-5

Bangladesh 50-54

business dealings 120-26

Cambodia 24, 34-40,133

civilian deaths in Indochina 28-30, 41-3

claims distraction by Watergate 78

committees 38

considers nuclear weapons 33

and Contreras 73,75-6

on Cyprus 77,79

defects to Nixon 15-16,19-20

defends Nixon 137-9

and Demetracopoulos 110-19,116-19

Diplomacy 93

East Timor secret conversation 101-7

election concerns 22-3

excitability 78-9

Indonesian visit 91-3,98-101

interviewed about East Timor 93-8

on "irresponsible" democracy 55

need for "deniability" 65-7

no "rakeoff" from Indonesia 106,

offenses ix-xi

organizes Allende's coup 56-66

overthrow of Makarios 79-89

Pakistan 46-50

Paris peace negotiations 7-8,11-16,20

phone tapping 40

and Pinochet 69-71

position within international law 127-31

and Rockefeller 19,20

targets individuals 108

Turkish invasion of Cyprus 86-9

two-track operations 21

The White House Years 22, 36-7

worried about Pinochet files 1-4

Years of Renewal
4, 69-70, 78, 79

Years of Upheaval
4, 77, 79

Kissinger Associates

clients and dealings 120-26