Trotsky (50 page)

Van met a violent end: Feferman, 361–62.

from Gorbachev’s point of view, there was no room for Trotsky:
The New York Times,
November 8, 1987.

the Soviet government granted Seva a visa…“people from a shipwreck”: “Trotsky’s Grandson in Moscow,”
Workers Vanguard,
March 31, 1989, available online at http://www.ucc.ie/acad/appsoc/tmp_store/mia_2/Library/history/ etol/document/family/volkov.htm.

Albert Glotzer…“simply bullshit”: Glotzer to Bellow, August 30, 1991, Glotzer papers, box 48; on Bellow, see Wald, 246–47.

“Trotsky was lying dead with a bloody turban of bandages”: Bellow to Glotzer, August 7, 1990, Glotzer papers, box 48; Saul Bellow, “Writers, Intellectuals, Politics,”
The National Interest,
Spring 1993.

“The Soviet Union will live and develop”…“Optimism was all he really had”: Glotzer, 314.

Note: Entries in this index, carried over verbatim from the print edition of this title, are unlikely to correspond to the pagination of any given e-book reader. However, entries in this index, and other terms, may be easily located by using the search feature of your e-book reader.

Entries in
italics
refer to illustrations.

Abel, Lionel, 153

Abraham Lincoln Battalion, 122–23

Abstract Expressionism, 247

Administration for Special Tasks, 174

Agee, James, 154

Ageloff, Hilda, 279

Ageloff, Ruth, 207, 228

Ageloff, Sylvia, 205–7, 228–29, 244–45, 266–67, 270–71, 273, 279–81, 284–85, 290–91

agrarian reform, 18

Akselrod, Yulia (granddaughter), 302

Almazán, Juan, 263

American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky, 15, 17–18, 20–21, 35–40, 50, 153

American Jewish Committee, 299

American Trotskyists, 154, 203, 241, 304–5.
See also
American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky; Socialist Workers Party; and
specific individuals

background of, and split over “Russian question” and dialectical materialism, 207–11, 216–29, 270

merger with Socialist Party, 17

Minneapolis branch, 135–38, 226–28, 277–78

Rivera frescoes at NY headquarters of, 85

tenth anniversary of October Revolution and, 207–8

Trotsky asylum and security in Mexico and, 10–11, 14–17, 31, 121, 125–27, 134, 135, 242

L’Amour fou,
(Breton), 159

anarchists, 123, 144

Andreas, Evelyn, 267–71, 283

anti-Communism, 301

anti-Semitism, 25–26

anti-Stalinist left, 148, 152–59

anti-Trotsky protests, 3, 19–20, 250–51

Archangel, British and French occupation of, 22

Arenal, Leopoldo, 250, 253, 259–60, 265

Arenal, Luís, 248, 250, 252, 259–60

art and politics, 64–65, 82, 149–52, 157–58, 161–62, 165, 168.
See also
specific artists

“Art and Politics in Our Epoch” (Trotsky), 157–58

Artists in Uniform
(Eastman), 150

Associated Press, 94

Austria, 22

Nazi occupation (Anschluss), 177, 202–3

authoritarianism, 301.
See also
centralism

automobile strikes of 1937, 241

Avenida Viena house, 172–73, 195

NKVD attack on, 250, 252–55

purchased by Mexican government as Leon Trotsky Museum, 293, 295–96

security at, 237–44, 255–58, 262–66, 278–79

Axelrod, Pavel, 214, 217

Balzac, Honoré de, 148

Barbarossa, Operation, 212

Barcelona, May Days of 1937, 123, 125, 246, 249, 272

Barychkin (GPU agent), 101

Beals, Carleton, 41, 47–48, 50

Bell, Daniel, 154

Bellow, Saul, 305–6

Beltrán, General, 15–16

Bely, Andrei, 150

Benitez, Melquiades (handyman), 283,

Beria, Lavrenti, 174–75, 177, 250, 294

Bill (Minneapolis guard), 135–38

Birney, Earle, 126

Blue House,
110,
121–23,
121,
132–39, 172, 182, 237, 249

becomes Museo Frida Kahlo, 296

Trotsky and Natalia arrive at, 29–39

Blumkin, Yakov, 120, 145–46

Bolshevik old guard

death of Lenin and, 192–93

rehabilitation of, by Gorbachev, 303–4

Stalin executions and imprisonment of, 9, 33–35, 78, 83, 109, 133, 177

Bolshevik Party, 8

dictatorship of the proletariat and, 44–45

first decade of power, 149

formation of, with split in Social Democrats of 1903, 214–15, 227

Kronstadt rebellion and, 51–53

Trotsky draws line between Stalinism and, 51–52

Trotsky joins, 26, 45

Trotsky’s late embrace of, 89

Bolshevik Revolution.
See
Revolution of October 1917

Bolshevik-Leninists (Trotskyists), 203–4, 208, 212, 224–25.
See also
American Trotskyists; Fourth International; Mexican League; Socialist Workers Party; Trotskyists

“bourgeous individualism,” 150

Braque, Georges, 78, 246

Bravo, Manuel Alvarez, 167

Bread
(Tolstoy), 151

Brenner, Anita, 18, 248

Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (1918), 22

Breton, André, 147–48, 158–67, 170, 172–73

Brezhnev, Leonid, 295

Britain, Battle of, 266.
See also
Great Britain

Bronstein, Lev Davidovich (Trotsky’s original name).
See
Trotsky, Leon

Bronstein, Zina (daughter by first mar-ririage).
See
Volkova, Zinaida “Zina”

Bronstein, Alexander (brother), 108

Bronstein, Elizaveta (sister), 108

Bronstein, Nina (daughter by first marriage), 77–78, 103

children of, 108

Buchman, Alexander.
See
Young, Al

Buckley, William F., Jr., 301

Bukharin, Nikolai, 83, 85, 96, 133–34, 194, 304

Bulletin of the Opposition,
8, 62, 98, 102, 116, 139, 142–43, 178

“bureaucratic collectivism” (Stalinist bureaucracy), 10, 179, 211, 301

Burgess, Guy, 144

Burnham, James, 153, 209–11, 213, 221–23, 227, 271–72, 280, 301

Caldwell, Sylvia, 298

Calles, Plutardo Elias, 18–19

Calverton, V. F, 153

Camacho, Manuel Avila, 262–63, 296–97

Cambridge spy ring, 144–45

Canfield, Cass, 184

Cannon, James (“Martin”), 126, 145, 209–11, 223, 225–28, 242, 262, 266, 269–70, 272, 293, 297–98, 301

capitalism, 204, 282–83

art and literature in, 157–58

permanent revolution theory and, 45–46

Trotsky predicts deathblow to, in WW II, 10

Cárdenas, Lázaro, 9, 248

aftermath of Trotsky’s death and, 296

asylum for Trotsky and, 15, 18–20, 28, 86, 93, 121, 124

elections of 1940 and, 171, 262–63

oil nationalized by, 169–70

Trotsky assassination investigation and, 257

Carmen (cook), 256, 257

Carter, Joseph, 210–11

Casas, Jesús Rodriguez, 64, 70, 93, 235, 237, 255–56, 259

Catalonia purge of 1937 in, 123–25, 144, 246, 249, 272

uprising of 1934, 206

Central Committee (Soviet Communist Party).
See also
Politburo

end of WW I and, 22

expels Trotsky from Politburo after attack on Stalin, 97, 178

Reiss and, 140

Stalin brought into, 187

Trotsky open letter to, on Zina’s death, 106

Trotsky overruled by, 26–27

centralism, 45, 214–15, 227

Chamberlain, John R., 49

Chambers, Whittaker, 181

Cheka, 114.
See also
GPU; NKVD

China, 203

Chupicuaro sculptures, 161

Cirque Moderne
(Petrograd), 75–77, 88

class struggle, 54, 219

Cohen, Elliot, 153

Cold War, 144

Cold War liberals, 154, 301

collectivization, 46–47, 150

Collins, Alan, 182, 187–88, 195, 196

Comintern (Communist International; Third International), 10, 16, 83, 85, 123, 155, 203, 208–9, 249, 251, 274.

See also
Fourth International Presidium of 1922–23, 209

Commentary,
154

communism.
See also
specific countries and parties art and literature and, 149, 150

Eastman breaks with, 156

Gide breaks with, 160

Stalin opposes alternatives to Soviet, 123

Communist League of America (original American Trotskyist group), 126, 209

Communist Manifesto
(Marx and Engels), 219, 300

Communist parties (international)

anti-Trotsky propaganda and, 3, 30–31

support progressive and antifascist causes, 16

Spanish civil war and, 122–23

Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
See also
Central Committee; Politburo

20th Congress of 1956, 294

art and literature and, 149–50

Bukharin and right wing of, 133

economic experiment and NEP, 46 end of WW I and, 22

Trotsky expelled from, 8, 28

Trotsky vs. political enemies in, 26–27, 34–35

Communist Party of the United States, 16, 39, 43, 152–53, 205, 209, 219–20, 250, 298

Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM), 19, 43, 257

Contreras, Carlos (nom de guerre of Vittorio Vidali), 247–49, 251

“Conversations in Pátzcuaro” (proposed book), 164–65

Cooper, Jake, 5, 253, 298

Cornell, Charles, 5, 241, 253–54, 256–57, 260, 266, 284, 286–88, 290

Crane, Hart, 247

Cuba, 295

Cubism, 78, 158, 246

Cuernavaca, 161, 276

Czechoslovakia, 22, 295

Nazi occupation of, 177, 202, 228

Dadaism, 147, 158

Daily Worker, The,
157

Dalí, Salvador, 159

Metamorphosis of Narcissus,
159

Dandy, Dr. Walter, 290

Darkness at Noon
(Koestler), 35

Dartmouth College, Orozco mural cycle, 163

Day of the Dead celebration, 74

Dead Souls
(Gogol), 148

“Death Agony of Capitalism and the Tasks of the Fourth International, The” (Trotsky), 204

“Degenerate Art” exhibition, 160

democracy, 53

Detroit Institute of Arts, Rivera frescoes, 83, 86

Dewey, John, 17, 38–40, 49–51, 53–54, 134, 153, 218, 219–20

Dewey Commission (Commission of Inquiry into the Charges Made Against Leon Trotsky in the Moscow Trials), 37–40

hearings in Mexico, 40–49,
42
, 55, 57, 61, 111, 122, 155, 207, 250, 305

European branch of, 148

Lyova and, 111–12, 116

New York hearings, 49–53

proceedings published, 182

verdict of, 53–54, 98, 116, 134

dialectical materialism, 217–23, 225–27, 234, 270, 272, 283

Díaz, Porfirio, 78

dictatorship of the proletariat, 44–46, 53

Dies, Martin, 250–51

Dissent,
154

Dobbs, Farrell, 228, 239, 243–44, 262, 264–66, 269–70, 275, 278, 291–92, 297–98

Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 148, 149, 163

Dreyfus, Alfred, 38–39, 50

Duck, Operation (Utka), 174–78, 200, 245, 250, 271, 295

Dunne brothers, 135

Dupee, F.W., 154

Duranty, Walter, 36, 193

Dutren, Dr., 287–88

Dzerzhinsky, Felix, 194

Eastern Europe, 293

Eastern Review,
148

Eastman, Crystal, 218

Eastman, Eliena, 234

Eastman, Max, 49, 90–91, 130, 139, 150, 156, 168, 184, 193, 233–34, 238, 301

dispute over Marxist theory and split in Trotskyists, 216–22, 234

Ehrenburg, Ilya, 87

Eisenstein, Sergei, 76, 82

Eitingon, Leonid, 200, 206, 245, 250, 271, 287, 295

Eliot, T. S., 152

Emil.
See also
Hansen, Emil

Encounter,
154

“End of Socialism in Russia, The” (Eastman), 156

“end justifies the means” idea, 54.
See also
Marxism

Engels, Friedrich, 77, 85, 129, 166, 219, 298

Enjoyment of Poetry
(Eastman), 218

En Route
(newspaper), 24

Estonia, 2, 222

Étienne.
See
Zborowski, Mark

Eugene Debs Column, 134

Excelsior
(Mexican daily), 172

Extraordinary Adventures of Julio Jurenito and His Disciples, The
(Ehrenburg), 87

Farrell, James T., 61, 89–90, 153–55

fascism, 157, 211–12, 248, 282–83.
See also
Germany, Nazi

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 265, 282, 297–300

Felipe.
See
Grigulevich, Iosif

“fellow travelers,” 150, 154–55

Fernández, Carlos, 131

Fernández, Graciela, 131

Fernández, Mama, 131

Fernández, Mario, 131

Fernández, Octavio, 131

Fernández, Ofelia, 131

Fernández family, 127, 131, 138

Finerty, John, 41, 47

Finland, 2

Soviet invasion of, 223–27

Five-Year Plans, 150

Flaubert, Gustave, 154

Ford, Edsel, 83

Formalism, 149

Fourth International (Trotskyists), 10, 73, 85, 87, 114, 139, 141–42, 157, 203–4, 207–9, 291, 293–94

founding congress (1938), 168, 204, 206–9

Natalia resigns from, 294

Rivera resigns from, 171–73

France, 2, 14, 18, 56

Lyova’s exile and death in, 109–19

Russian civil war and, 22

Spanish civil war and, 123, 153

Trotsky’s exile in, 8, 33, 58, 91, 109, 120, 139, 148, 181, 195

WW I and, 21

WW II and, 202, 269

Franco, Gen. Francisco, 10, 122, 123, 203, 206

Frankel, Jan, 40, 42, 56–58, 63–64, 93, 120–22,
121,
125–26, 137, 144–46, 168, 173, 182, 184–85, 195, 200, 228, 292

French Communist Party, 49, 148, 201

French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 158

French Trotskyists, 102, 118, 141, 203

Freud, Sigmund, 158, 160, 166

Futurism, 149, 158