Trotsky (52 page)

NKVD (Soviet secret police,
formerly
GPU), 7, 37, 39, 53, 62–63, 70, 82, 93–94, 98–100.
See also specific individuals and operations

arrests of agents by Stalin, 178

art and culture and, 161

death of Lyova and, 139–43

defectors murdered abroad by, 124, 140–43

FBI and, 298

French Trotskyists and, 141, 204–5

“Horse” network of, and Siqueiros May 1940 attempt on Trotsky, 246–55

infiltrates Trotsky Mexican residence as security, 244

“Mother” network of, and August 1940 assassination of Trotsky, 206–7, 244–46, 266–71, 273, 290, 292

murder of Nin and POUM and, 249

Orlov’s defection from, 144–46

Orlov’s revelations about, 299

Orlov warns Trotsky of assassination attempt by, 198–200

poisonings by, 197

purges of, 133

Rivera and, 172

Spanish civil war and, 10, 122–24, 172, 206–7, 251, 257

Trotsky assassination planned by, on order from Stalin, 137, 174–78, 200, 229, 244–61, 274

Trotsky inner circle penetrated by, 111–15, 117–18, 120

Noguchi, Isamu, 64

Norway, 8–9, 13–14, 43, 58, 86, 91, 109–10, 120, 181, 195

Novack, George, 15–17, 20, 29–30, 220

Obregón, Alvaro, 79, 246

O’Brien, Fanny, 202

O’Brien, Irish, 202

October
(Eisenstein film), 82

October Revolution.
See
Russian Revolution of October 1917

O’Gorman, Juan, 168–70, 172

Mexico City airport murals, 169–70

oil nationalization, 169, 251

On Lenin
(Trotsky), 148

Orlov, Alexander (“Stein”), 143–46, 198–200, 249–50, 299–300

Orozco, José Clemente, 79, 162–64, 246, 297

Creative Man
mural, 163

Rebellion of Man
mural, 163–64

Spanish Conquest of Mexico
mural, 163

Orr, Charles, 272–73

Orr, Mrs. Charles, 272–73

Orwell, George, 125, 301

Our Political Tasks
(Trotsky), 215

pacifism, 282

Pan-American committee, 172–73

Paris.
See also
France

Lyova flees to exile in, 108

Rivera in, 78–79

Trotskyist movement in, 8

Partisan Review,
152–57, 166, 221–22, 282–83, 300–301

Party of Workers and Peasants (Mexican), 171

perestroika,
303

permanent revolution, theory of, 45–46

Petersburg
(Bely), 150

Petrograd Soviet, 180, 215

Petrograd (St. Petersburg, Russia)

Russian civil war and, 23, 27–28, 232

Russian Revolution and, 8, 75–77, 179–80, 215–16, 218

“petty bourgeois,” 223, 225–27, 272

“Petty-Bourgeois Opposition in the Socialist Workers Party, A” (Trotsky) 223

Philby, Kim, 144

Phillips, William, 152–55

Picasso, Pablo, 78

“Pit and the Pendulum, The” (Poe), 35

Planet without a Visa
(French Surrealist political tract), 148

Poe, Edgar Allan, 35

pogroms, 25

Poland, 133

Nazi invasion of, 2, 197, 202, 211–12

Soviet invasion and occupation of, 211–13, 222

Politburo, 9, 187–88 (Communist Party of the Soviet Union).
See also
Central Committee

succession struggle after death of Lenin and, 191–92, 197

Trotsky’s expulsion from, 9, 96–97

Pollock, Jackson, 247

Popocatépetl (El Popo), 91, 161, 269

Popular, El
(Mexican daily), 257, 274, 283

Popular Front, 16, 19, 37, 122–23, 152–53, 158, 206

POUM (Workers’ Party of Marxist Unification, Catalonia), 123, 125, 144, 249, 272

“Pour un Art Révolutionnaire Indépen-dant” (Breton and Rivera), 165

pragmatism, 220–21

Pravda,
31–32, 133, 192

pre-Columbian sculpture, 161

press, 14, 30, 34, 41, 47–48, 50, 53, 240–41, 250–51, 257, 274–76

proletarian culture, 149–50, 152

Proletcult (literary group), 149

Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The,
25–26

Proust, Marcel, 152

psychoanalysis, 158–60

Public Interest, The,
154

Pujol, Antonio, 248, 252

Pushkin, Alexander, 149

Pyatakov, Yuri, 32, 43, 97

Radek, Karl, 33, 89

radicals, 152–56, 218.
See also
left

Rahv, Philip, 152–55, 157

Rainbolt, Ray (“Rainman”), 277–78, 280, 298

Rakovsky, Christian, 31

Ray, Man, portrait of Breton, 166

Reagan, Ronald, 301

Red Army, 100

civil war and, 8, 22–28, 52, 151, 213, 232

Kronstadt rebellion and, 52–53

purges of, 51, 177

WW II and, 2, 213, 222–24

Red Book on the Moscow Trial, The
(Sedov), 110

Red Guards, 23, 216

Red Terror, 51

Reed, John, 75, 216, 218

Reiss, Ignace, 113–15, 124, 140–43, 145

retablos
(votive offerings), 161–62, 167

“retreat of the intellectuals,” 156, 173, 222

revisionism, 129, 211, 220–22, 294

Revolution Betrayed, The
(Trotsky), 139, 181–82, 211, 221

“revolution from above,” 46

Révolution surréaliste, La
(journal), 148

Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 201

“Right Danger” campaign, 83

“Right-Trotskyist Bloc,” 133

Rivera, Diego, 9, 14, 57,
169,
246

affair with Cristina Kahlo, 61

arranges asylum for Trotsky, 17–20, 29–30, 71, 73–74, 84, 86

assassination attempt vs., 20, 92

becomes Trotskyist, 83

Breton visit to Trotsky and, 159, 161–65

death of Trotsky’s son Lyova and, 94–95

Detroit Industry
mural, 83

financial support and aid to Trotsky, 92–95, 121, 126, 132, 181, 185

first wife of, 65

Frida Kahlo and, 59

Frida Kahlo’s affair with Trotsky and, 60–61, 64

friendship and tensions with Trotsky, 87–89, 91–93

friendship with Trotsky unravels, 147, 167–73, 195

History of Mexico, The,
mural, 82–83

life of, after Trotsky’s death, 296–97

Man at the Crossroads
mural, 85–86

meets Stalin, 82

MOMA show of 1931, 83

Orozco and, 163

Portrait of America
mural, 85

Rockefeller Center murals of, destroyed, 83–86, 157, 169–70

Siqueiros and, 247

Trotsky and artwork of, 86, 157

works and revolutionary themes of, 59, 78–86,
80

Robespierre, 215

Robins, Harold, 5, 228–29, 241–43, 253–54, 257, 264, 272, 276, 278, 284, 286, 288, 290, 302–3

Robins, Mrs., 242–43

Rochfort, Desmond, 248

Rockefeller, Nelson, 84

Rockefeller Center, Rivera murals destroyed, 83–86, 157, 169–70

Rolland, Romain, 62

Romanovs, fall of, 45, 75, 179

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 16–17, 20, 152, 204, 240

Rorty, James, 153

Rosenthal, Gérard, 141

Rosmer, Alfred, 49, 201, 204, 242, 245, 254, 266–69, 280

Rosmer, Marguerite, 201, 242, 245, 254, 266–69, 280

Ross, Edward Alsworth, 49–50

Rubio, Pascual Ortiz, 16

Rudzutak, Yan, 194

Rühle, Otto, 41, 49

Russia, czarist, 25–26.
See also
Russian Revolution of October 1917; Soviet Union

Revolution of 1905, 215

Revolution of February 1917 and Provisional Government of, 22, 45, 180, 215–16

WW I and, 22–23

“Russian question,” as workers’ state, 210–13

Russian Revolution of October 1917 (Bolshevik Revolution), 8, 26, 44–47, 53, 73–78, 156, 179–80, 204, 210, 213, 216–18, 231–32.
See also
Bolsheviks; Mensheviks; Soviet Union;
and specific organizations and individuals

civil war following, 21–28, 46, 51, 213, 232, 294

Lyova and, 99

Trotsky as hero of, 2, 21–22, 75–77

Trotsky history of, 1–2, 156, 179–81

WW I and, 10, 21–22

Russian Social Democrats 2nd congress of (Brussels, London) and Bolshevik-Menshevik split, 214–15, 227

Ruth
(oil tanker), 13–14

Sacco and Vanzetti, 38, 41

St. Louis Post-Dispatch,
240

St. Petersburg, Russia.
See
Petrograd

Salazar, Leandro Sánchez, 7, 254–55, 257–61, 290–92, 296

Samara, Battle of, 22

San Francisco

Art Institute (
formerly
California School of Fine Arts), Rivera murals, 83

Stock Exchange Tower Rivera murals, 83

maritime strikes, 126

Schapiro, Meyer, 148

Schultz, Ann, 268–69

Schultz, Dorothy, 264, 268–71, 292, 298

Schultz, Hank, 264, 268–69, 277–78, 285, 292, 298

Schüssler, Otto, 241–42, 245, 253, 256–57, 272

Schüssler, Trude, 241–42, 245

Schwartz, Delmore, 154

Second International (Socialist), 155

Secret History of Stalin’s Crimes, The
(Orlov), 299

Sedition Act (U.S., 1918), 218

Sedov, Leon (grandson), 109

Sedov, Lev “Lyova” (son), 43, 56, 61–62, 78

affair with Jeanne Molinier, 102, 109

death of, 94–99, 111–19, 132, 139, 142, 182, 186, 197, 276, 300

death of Lenin and, 194

edits
Bulletin of the Opposition,
101

exile of, in Berlin, 102–3

exile of, in France, 109–15, 124

exile of, in Turkey, and denial of Soviet visa to return, 99–103

Fourth International and, 204

Moscow show trials and, 110–11, 133–34

nephew Seva and, 109, 198

relationship with Trotsky, 276–77

spied on, by GPU, 124

stepsister Zina and, 104–5

Trotsky’s autobiography and history and, 101

Trotsky’s exile in Mexico and, 120–21

wife Anna left in USSR, 101

wife Anna arrested and murdered, in USSR, 108–9

writes
Red Book on Moscow Trial,
110

Zborowski befriends in Paris, and spies on, 139–43

Sedov, Sergei (brother-in-law), 108

Sedov, Sergei “Seryozha” (son), 61–62, 69, 99–101

arrest and death of, 62–63, 77–78, 177, 197, 276, 294, 302

daughterYulia, emigrates to U.S., 302

rehabilitated by Gorbachev, 304

Sedova, Anna (Lyova’s wife), 108–9

Sedova, Natalia Ivanovna (Lyova’s second wife),
29, 110
, 242,
274

alleged early affair of, 65–66, 68–69

assassination attempt and, 4–7, 253–55, 258–60

assassination witnessed by, 282–92

children of, 42

death of, 295

Dewey hearings and, 41

exile of, in Turkey, France, and Norway, 9, 109–10, 217

Frida Kahlo and, 59–60, 71

grandson Seva and, 118, 201

“Jacson,” or Ramon, and, 267–71, 280–81

life of, after death of Trotsky, 293–94, 305

life of, in Mexico, 2, 9, 13–15, 28–29, 58, 73–74, 127–32, 160, 162–64, 170–71, 182, 189, 243, 275–76

life with Trotsky in Russia and, 97, 178, 191–92, 194

meets and marries Trotsky, 66–70

resigns from Fourth International, 293–94

security in Mexico and, 93–94, 134–36, 138, 199, 241–43, 265, 277, 280

son Lyova and, 94–101, 111–12, 114–18, 139

son Seryozha’s uncertain fate and, 61–63, 77–78

stepdaughter Zina and, 104–6

stepson Seva and, 105

stormy relationship of, with Trotsky, 64–65, 67–70, 89–91, 118–19

Trotsky’s affair with Frida and, 60–61, 63–65, 67–68, 70–71

Trotsky’s will and, 230, 234–35

Serge, Victor, 111, 142–43, 156

Serrano, David, 275

Shachtman, Max, 14, 16–17, 19–20, 31, 36, 204, 209–10, 213, 220, 222–23, 226–28, 271–72, 280, 301, 305

Shaw, George Bernard, 62, 180

Shields, Bob.
See
Harte, Robert Sheldon

Simbirsk, Battle of, 22–23, 232

Siqueiros, Angelique Arenal, 248

Siqueiros, David Alfaro, 79, 81, 86, 163

assassination attempt by, on Trotsky, 252–55, 257, 259, 264–66, 275, 278, 281

Chapultepec Castle mural,
From the Dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz to the Revolution,
297

L.A. Plaza Arts Center
Tropical America
mural, 247

Mexican Electricians’ Union mural
Portrait of the Bourgeoisie,
248–49