Unfair (88 page)

Read Unfair Online

Authors: Adam Benforado

Royal Society.
Brain Waves Module 4: Neuroscience and the Law
. London: Royal Society, 2011.

Rucker, Derek D., Mark Polifroni, Phillip E. Tetlock, and Amanda L. Scott. “On the Assignment of Punishment: The Impact of General-Societal Threat and the Moderating Role of Severity.”
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
30, no. 6 (2004): 673–84.

Senior, Jennifer. “In Conversation: Antonin Scalia.”
New York
, October 6, 2013.

Shariff, Azim F., Joshua D. Greene, Johan C. Karremans, Jamie B. Luguri,
Cory J. Clark, Jonathan W. Schooler, Roy F. Baumeister, and Kathleen D. Vohs. “Free Will and Punishment: A Mechanistic View of Human Nature Reduces Retribution.”
Psychological Science
25 (2014): 1563–70.

Stevenson, Margaret C., and Bette L. Bottoms. “Race Shapes Perceptions of Juvenile Offenders in Criminal Court.”
Journal of Applied Social Psychology
39, no. 7 (2009): 1660–89.

Streater, Scott. “Yellowstone Bear Euthanized After DNA Evidence Links Two Fatal Attacks.”
New York Times
, October 7, 2011.

Sundby, Scott E. “The Capital Jury and Absolution: The Intersection of Trial Strategy, Remorse, and the Death Penalty.”
Cornell Law Review
83, no. 4 (1998): 1557–98.

Sweeney, Sarah. “On the Side of the Angels.”
Harvard Gazette
, November 10, 2011.

Taylor, Christy, and Chris L. Kleinke. “Effects of Severity of Accident, History of Drunk Driving, Intent, and Remorse on Judgments of a Drunk Driver.”
Journal of Applied Social Psychology
22 (1992): 1641–55.

Tyler, Tom R., and Robert J. Boeckmann. “Three Strikes and You Are Out, but Why? The Psychology of Public Support for Punishing Rule Breakers.”
Law and Society Review
31, no. 2 (1997): 237–65.

Volokh, Alexander. “
n
Guilty Men.”
University of Pennsylvania Law Review
146 (1997): 173–218.

Walster, Elaine. “Assignment of Responsibility for an Accident.”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
3 (1996): 73–79.

Warr, Mark, Robert F. Meier, and Maynard L. Erickson. “Norms, Theories of Punishment, and Publicly Preferred Penalties for Crimes.”
Sociological Quarterly
24 (1983): 75–91.

Webster, Russell J., and Donald A. Saucier. “Angels and Demons Are Among Us: Assessing Individual Differences in Belief in Pure Evil and Belief in Pure Good.”
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
39 (2013): 1455–70.

10. THROWING AWAY THE KEY ~ THE PRISONER

“A New Probation Program in Hawaii Beats the Statistics: Transcript.” PBS, February 2, 2014. Originally broadcast on November 24, 2013.
http://www.pbs.org/​newshour/bb​/law-iuly-dec13-hawaiihope​_11-24/
.

“The Abuse of Solitary Confinement.”
New York Times
, June 20, 2012.

Adams, William Lee. “Norway Builds the World's Most Humane Prison.”
Time
, May 10, 2010.

Alexander, Michelle.
The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness
, rev. ed. New York: New Press, 2010.

Amnesty International.
Death Sentences and Executions
, 2013. London: Amnesty International Publications, 2014.

Amnesty International. “Indonesian Government Must Repeal Caning Bylaws in Aceh.” May 22, 2011.
https://www.amnesty.org​/en/news-and-updates​/indonesian-government-​must-repeal-caning-​bylaws-aceh-2011-05-20
.

Amnesty International. “Saudi Arabia: Five Beheaded and ‘Crucified' Amid ‘Disturbing' Rise in Executions.” May 21, 2013.
http://www.amnesty.org/​en/news/saudi​-arabia-five-beheaded-and​-crucified-amid-disturbing-rise​-executions-2013-05-21
.

Apuzzo, Matt. “Holder Endorses Proposal to Reduce Drug Sentences in Latest Sign of Shift.”
New York Times
, March 13, 2014.

Baron, Jonathan, and Ilana Ritov. “Omission Bias, Individual Differences, and Normality.”
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
94 (2003): 74–85.

Boston Review. “Supermax Prison Cell Extraction.” YouTube video, 12:44. Posted December 16, 2010.
http://youtu.be/​3jUfK5i_lQs
.

Briggs, Chad S., Jody L. Sundt, and Thomas C. Castellano. “The Effect of Supermaximum Security Prisons on Aggregate Levels of Institutional Violence.”
Criminology
41 (2003): 1341–76.

Bureau of Justice Statistics. “FAQ Detail: What Is the Probability of Conviction for Felony Defendants?” Accessed May 25, 2015.
http://www.bjs.gov/​index.cfm​?ty=qa&iid=403
.

Butler, Paul. “On Trayvon Martin and Racial Profiling.”
Daily Beast
, March 26, 2012.
http://www.thedailybeast.com/​articles/2012​/03/26/paul-​butler-on-trayvon-​martin-and-racial-profiling.html
.

Cacioppo, John T., and Louise C. Hawkley. “Perceived Social Isolation and Cognition.”
Trends in Cognitive Sciences
13, no. 10 (2009): 447–54.

Cal. Penal Code § 1170.12 (West 2014).

Cannon, Carl M. “Petty Crime, Outrageous Punishment.”
Reader's Digest
, October 2005.

Caplan, Lincoln. “The Random Horror of the Death Penalty.”
New York Times
, January 7, 2012.

Carlsmith, Kevin M., and John M. Darley. “Psychological Aspects of Retributive Justice.”
Advances in Experimental Psychology
40 (2008): 193–236.

Carson, E. Ann. U.S. Department of Justice.
Prisoners in
2013. September 2014.

Carson, E. Ann, and Daniela Golinelli. U.S. Department of Justice.
Prisoners in
2012
: Trends in Admissions and Releases
, 1991
–
2012. December 2013.

Chemerinksy, Erwin. “Cruel and Unusual: The Story of Leandro Andrade.”
Drake Law Review
52 (2003): 1–24.

Chemerinsky, Erwin. “3 Strikes Reform in CA: ‘Victory for Common Sense.' ”
Crime Report
, December 6, 2012.
http://www.​thecrimereport.org/​viewpoints​/2012-12-three-strikes​-reform-in-california​-a-victory-for-hum
.

Darley, John, Sol Fulero, Craig Haney, and Tom Tyler. “Psychological Jurisprudence.” In
Taking Psychology and Law into the Twenty-First Century
, edited by James R. P. Olgoff. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.

Death Penalty Information Center. “Executions by Year Since 1976.” Accessed May 24, 2014.
http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/​executions-year
.

Devereaux, Ryan. “Prisoners Challenge Legality of Solitary Confinement Lasting More Than a Decade.”
Guardian
, May 31, 2012.

Dickens, Charles.
American Notes
. London: Chapman and Hall, 1842.

Donahue, John J., III. “Capital Punishment in Connecticut, 1973–2007: A Comprehensive Evaluation from 4866 Murders to One Execution.” Working Paper, Stanford Law School, National Bureau of Economic Research, June 8, 2013.

Eastern State Penitentiary. “Facade: Online 360 Tour.” Accessed May 25, 2014.
http://www.easternstate​.org/​explore/online-360-tour
.

Eastern State Penitentiary. “FAQ, Terror Behind the Walls.” Accessed May 13, 2014.
http://www.easternstate.org/​halloween/visit/faq
.

Eastern State Penitentiary. “History of Eastern State: General Overview.” Accessed May 16, 2014.
http://www.easternstate.org/​learn/research​-library/history
.

Eastern State Penitentiary. “Home, Terror Behind the Walls.” Accessed May 13, 2014.
http://www.​easternstate.org/​halloween
.

Eastern State Penitentiary. “Timeline.” Accessed May 15, 2014.
http://www.easternstate.org/​learn/​timeline
.

Eastern State Penitentiary. “2013 Schedule and Prices, Terror Behind the Walls.” Accessed May 13, 2014.
http://www.easternstate.org/​halloween/visit/​schedule-prices
.

Eastern State Penitentiary. “VIP Experiences, Terror Behind the Walls.” Accessed May 13, 2014.
http://www.easternstate.org/​halloween/eastern-state​-after-dark-vip-tour
.

“Eastern State Penitentiary.”
USHistory.org
. Accessed May 15, 2014.
http://www.ushistory.org/​tour/​eastern-state-penitentiary.htm
.

Ewing v. California
. 538 U.S. 11 (2003).

Federal Bureau of Investigation. “Offenses Cleared.” In
Uniform
Crime Report: Crime in the United States
, 2010. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2011.

Folger, Robert, and S. Douglas Pugh. “The Just World and Winston Churchill: An Approach/Avoidance Conflict About Psychological Distance When Harming Victims.” In
The Justice Motive in Everyday Life
, edited by Michael Ross and Dale T. Miller. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Fried, Barbara H. “Beyond Blame: Would We Be Better Off in a World Without Blame?”
Boston Review
, June 28, 2013.

Friends of HOPE. “Hope: Hawaii's Opportunity Probation with Enforcement.” Accessed May 25, 2014.
http://hopehawaii.net/​index.html
.

Gawande, Atul. “Hellhole: The United States Holds Tens of Thousands of Inmates in Long-Term Solitary Confinement. Is This Torture?”
New Yorker
, March 30, 2009.

Gayathri, Amrutha. “US Only Western Country to Carry Out Capital Punishment Last Year, Ranks 5th Worldwide.”
International Business Times
, March 27, 2012.

Gentleman, Amelia. “Inside Halden, the Most Humane Prison in the World.”
Guardian
, May 18, 2012.

Getty, J. Arch, Gabor Rittersporn, and Victor Zemskov. “Victims of the Soviet Penal System in the Pre-War Years: A First Approach on the Basis of Archival Evidence.”
American Historical Review
98 (Oct. 1993): 1017–49.

Gibbons, John J., and Nicholas de B. Katzenbach.
Confronting Confinement: A Report of the Commission on Safety and Abuse in America's Prisons
. New York: Vera Institute of Justice, 2006.

Glaberson, William. “For 3 Years After Killing, Evidence Fades as a Suspect Sits in Jail.”
New York Times
, April 15, 2013.

Glazek, Christopher. “Raise the Crime Rate.”
N
+
1 Magazine
, Winter 2012.

Goode, Erica. “Senators Start a Review of Solitary Confinement.”
New York Times
, June 19, 2012.

Goode, Erica. “U.S. Prison Populations Decline, Reflecting New Approach to Crime.”
New York Times
, July 25, 2013.

Gopnik, Adam. “The Caging of America.”
A Critic at Large
(blog).
New Yorker
, January 30, 2012.

“Grandstanding on Prisons in Texas.”
New York Times
, April 4, 2014.

Gregg v. Georgia
. 428 U.S. 153 (1976).

Guttel, Ehud, and Doron Teichman. “Criminal Sanctions in the Defense of the Innocent.”
Michigan Law Review
110 (2012): 597–645.

Harmon, Katherine. “Brain Injury Rate 7 Times Greater Among U.S. Prisoners.”
Scientific American
, February 4, 2012.

Hawaii State Judiciary. “HOPE Probation.” Accessed May 25, 2014.
http://www.courts.state.hi.us/​special_projects/hope​/about_hope_probation.html
.

Hawken, Angela, and Mark Kleiman.
Managing Drug Involved Probationers with Swift and Certain Sanctions: Evaluating Hawaii's Hope
. Washington, DC: National Criminal Justice Reference Services, 2009.

Hawkley, Louise C., and John T. Cacioppo. “Loneliness Matters: A Theoretical and Empirical Review of Consequences and Mechanisms.”
Annals of Behavioral Medicine
40 (2010): 218–27.

Heacock v. Commonwealth
. 323 S.E.2d 90 (Va. 1984).

Holt-Lunstad, Julianne, Timothy B. Smith, and J. Bradley Layton. “Social Relationships and Morality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review.”
PLOS Med
7 (2010): 1–23.

Hrenchir, Tim. “Sebelius' Son Sells Game Out of Cedar Crest.”
Topeka Capital-Journal
, January 26, 2008.

International Centre for Prison Studies. “Canada, World Prison Brief.” Accessed May 16, 2014.
http://www.prisonstudies.org/​country/canada
.

International Centre for Prison Studies. “Germany, World Prison Brief.” Accessed May 16, 2014.
http://www.prisonstudies.org/​country/germany
.

International Centre for Prison Studies. “Highest to Lowest.” Accessed May 18, 2014.
http://www.prisonstudies.org/​highest-to​-lowest
(filtered by Prison Population Rate).

International Centre for Prison Studies. “Iran, World Prison Brief.” Accessed May 18, 2014.
http://www.prisonstudies.org/​country/iran
.

International Centre for Prison Studies. “United States, World Prison Brief.” Accessed May 16, 2014.
http://www.prisonstudies.org/​country/united-​states-america
.

Internet Movie Database.
“The Shawshank Redemption
(1994): Quotes.” Accessed May 24, 2014.
http://www.imdb.com/​title/tt0111161​/quotes?item=qt0470719
.

James, Doris J., and Lauren E. Glaze. U.S. Department of Justice.
Mental Health Problems of Prison and Jail Inmates
. September 2006.

John Sebelius Art & Design. “Don't Drop the Soap.” Accessed May 24, 2014.
http://www.johnsebelius.com/​dontdropthesoap.html
.

Johnston, Norman.
Eastern State Penitentiary: Crucible of Good Intentions
. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art for the Eastern State
Penitentiary Task Force of the Preservation Coalition of Greater Philadelphia, 1994.

Justice Center: The Council of State Governments.
Improving Outcomes for People with Mental Illnesses Involved with New York City's Criminal Court and Correction Systems
. December 2012.

Other books

The Empty Copper Sea by John D. MacDonald
Dear Mr. M by Herman Koch
Himiko: Warrior by CB Conwy
No Way Out by Franklin W. Dixon
To Probe A Beating Heart by Wren, John B
Horoscopes for the Dead by Billy Collins
Canadians by Roy MacGregor
An Infidel in Paradise by S.J. Laidlaw