Vanished Kingdoms: The Rise and Fall of States and Nations (134 page)

(2010).
107
. ‘Le Palais des Ducs de Bourgogne’,
http://dijon.free.fr/visite/palais1.htm
(2010).
108
. Richard Vaughan,
John the Fearless: The Growth of Burgundian Power
(London, 1966).
109
. Richard Vaughan,
Philip the Good: The Apogee of Burgundy
(Woodbridge, 2002).
110
. Edward Tabri, ‘The Funeral of Duke Philip the Good’,
Essays in History
, 33 (1990–91).
111
. Richard Vaughan,
Charles the Bold: The Last Duke of Burgundy
(Woodbridge, 2002); Henri Dubois,
Charles le Téméraire
(Paris, 2004).
112
. Philippe de Commynes,
The Universal Spider: The Life of Louis XI of France
, trans. and ed. Paul Kendall (London, 1973), p. 212.
113
. Ibid., p. 213.
114
. Ibid., pp. 198  ff. See also Musée Historique de Berne,
Le Butin des guerres de Bourgogne et œuvres d’art de la cour de Bourgogne
, catalogue raisonnée (Berne, 1969).
115
. Luc Hommel,
Marie de Bourgogne ou le grand héritage
(Brussels, 1945); G. Dumont,
Marie de Bourgogne
(Paris, 1982).
116
. Martyn Rady,
The Emperor Charles V
(London, 1988).
117
. See
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/reichskreis
.
118
. See Pieter Geyl,
The Revolt of the Netherlands
(London, 1988).
119
. Jean Schneider,
L’Histoire de la Lorraine
(Paris, 1961).
120
. Francisco Elías de Tejada y Spínola,
El Franco-condado hispánico
(Seville, 1975); François Pernot,
La Franche-Comté espagnol
e (Besançon, 2003).
121
. See
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/anciennes_provinces_de_france
(2008).
122
.
http://regionsdefrance.wikispaces.com/
(2008).
123
.
www.rhonealpes.fr/
(2008).
124
. Apparently a transposition of the French motto ‘
Autre n’auray
’, also used by the dukes; see R. Prosser,
The Order of the Golden Fleece
(Iowa City, 1981), p. 5.

III

125
. ‘Burgundy’,
www.answers.com
(2009).
126
. ‘Burgundy (region)’,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/burgundy_(region)
(2008). Some of the problems are sorted out at
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/bourgogne_(homonymie)
.
127
.
www.burgundynet/history-burgundy.html
.
128
.
Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
(Oxford, 2000), vol. 1, p. 253.
129
.
Oxford English Dictionary
, compact edn. (Oxford, 1971), vol. 1, p. 1187.
130
. Dictionaries listed above include:
www.meriam-webster.com
. Émile Littré (Paris, 1956); Paul Robert (Paris, 1966); Paul lmbs (Paris, 1975);
New Encylopaedia Britannica
, macropedia, vol. 3, p. 497; and
Nouveau petit Larousse
(Paris, 1969).
131
.
Brockhaus: die Encyclopädie
(Leipzig, 1996), vol. 4, pp. 196–8.
132
.
Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN
(Warsaw, 1973), vol. 1, pp. 379–80.
133
. Saul Cohen (ed.),
The Columbia Gazetteer of the World
(New York, 1998), vol. 1, pp. 470–71.
134
. Andrew Dalby,
The World and Wikipedia: How We Are Editing Reality
(Draycott, 2009).
135
. To be fair, the chapter closes with ‘the history of the various Burgundian regions was far from simple’;
New Cambridge Medieval History
(Cambridge, 1999), vol. 3, pp. 328, 345.
136
. Robert J. Casey,
The Lost Kingdom of Burgundy
(London, 1924), pp. 3, 6, 8.

CHAPTER 4. ARAGON

Bibliographical Note
. Library catalogues contain more entries on the writer Louis Aragon than on the Crown of Aragon. Apart from Thomas Bisson’s
The Medieval Crown of Aragon: A Short History
(Oxford, 1986), there is no satisfactory work in English on the overall subject. Henry Chaytor’s
History of Aragon and Catalonia
(London, 1933), which is now available online, starts with ‘the grand-sons of Noah’ and is far too densely detailed for comfort. Numerous documentary sources have been collected and translated, such as the
Llibre dels Fets
of James the Conqueror (see note 51 below) or
The Chronicle of Muntaner
(see note 37). And it is not difficult to find excellent monographs or academic articles on particular aspects and episodes. But the inclusive approach is signally lacking, especially in work inspired by national Catalan or regional Aragonese perspectives. Readers seeking introductory matter need to explore books on the Iberian peninsula as a whole, such as Jocelyn Hillgarth’s
The Spanish Kingdoms
,
1250
–
1516
(Oxford, 1976) or Stanley Payne’s ‘The Rise of Aragón-Catalonia’, in his
A History of Spain and Portugal
, 2 vols. (Madison, 1973), vol. 1, ch. 5.

I

1
.
www.perpignan.cci.fr/2-13674-accueil.php
(2007).
2
. ‘Office de Tourisme de la Ville de Perpignan’,
www.mairie-perpignan.fr
(2007).
3
.
http://france-for-visitors.com/pyrenees/roussillon/perpignan.html
(2007).
4
.
http://www.usap.com
(2010).
5
. Marcel Durliat,
L’Histoire du Roussillon
(Paris, 1962), pp. 6, 40.
6
.
http://www.estivales.com
(2010).
7
.
http://www.villagesdefrance.free.fr
(2010).
8
. Horace Chauvet,
Folklore du Roussillon
(Perpignan, 1943).
9
. Festival of Amélie-les-Bains:
http://www.kadmusarts/festivals/932.htm
(2010).
10
. Alicia Marcet i Juncosa,
Abrégé d’histoire des terres catalanes du nord
, traduction du catalan (Canet, 1994).
11
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/el_gran_carlemany
(2010). See also A. Degage and A. Duro i Arajol,
L’Andorre
(Paris, 1998).

II

12
.
The Song of Roland
, trans. Glyn Burgess (London, 1990), lines 1–9.
13
. Barton Sholod, ‘The Formation of a Spanish March’, in his
Charlemagne in Spain: The Cultural Legacy of Roncesvalles
(Geneva, 1966), pp. 44  ff.
14
. Ralph Giesey,
If Not, Not: The Oath of the Aragonese and the Legendary Laws of Sobrarbe
(Princeton, 1968).
15
. A. Ferreiro, ‘The Siege of Barbastro, 1064–5: A Re-assessment’,
Journal of Medieval History
, 9/2 (1983), pp. 129–44.
16
. Ibn Bassam, quoted by Christopher Dawson, ‘The Origins of the Romantic Tradition’, in his
Mediaeval Religion and Other Essays
(London, 1934), p. 146.
17
. Gerald Bond (ed. and trans.),
The Poetry of William VII, Count of Poitiers, and IX Duke of Aquitaine
(New York, 1982).
18
. Richard Fletcher,
The Quest for El Cid
(Oxford, 1991); David Nicolle,
El Cid and the Reconquista
(London, 1988); Ramón Pidal,
The Cid and his Spain
(London, 1924).
19
.
The Poem of the Cid: A New Critical Edition
, ed. Ian Michael, trans. Rita Hamilton and Janet Perry (Manchester, 1975), ll. 1  ff.
20
. Ibid., ll. 955–61  ff. See T. Montgomery, ‘The Cid and the Count of Barcelona’,
Hispanic Review
, 30/1 (1962), pp. 1–11.
21
. R. W. Southern,
The Making of the Middle Ages
(London, 1953), p. 129.
22
. George Beech,
The Brief Eminence and Doomed Fall of Islamic Saragossa
(Zaragoza, 2008). See
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/taifa_of_zaragoza
(2008).
23
. J. Boutière and A. H. Schutz (eds.),
Biographies des troubadours
(Paris, 1964).
24
. From the Provençal poem
Sainte Foy
, quoted by Chaytor,
History of Aragon and Catalonia
, ch. 4. See also H. J. Chaytor,
The Provençal Chanson de Geste
(London, 1946).
25
. Dawson,
Mediaeval Religion and Other Essays
, pp. 125, 128.
26
. John Shideler,
A Medieval Catalan Noble Family: The Montcadas, 1000
–
1230
(Berkeley, 1983).
27
. Attributed to Ferdinand the Catholic. On Aragonese constitutional matters, see J. M. Mas i Solench,
Les Corts a la Corona Catalono-Aragonesa
(Barcelona, 1995); Xavier Gil, ‘Parliamentary Life in the Crown of Aragon’,
Journal of Early Modern History
, 6/4 (2002), pp. 362–95.
28
. Georges de Manteyer,
La Provence, du premier au douzième siècle
(Paris, 1908).
29
. E. Le Roy Ladurie,
L’Histoire du Languedoc
(Paris, 1962).
30
. Bernard Reilly,
The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VII
(Philadelphia, 1998).
31
. Southern,
The Making of the Middle Ages
, pp. 122–7; ‘The Family of the Counts of Barcelona’, Genealogical Table, ibid., p. 125. Count Wilfred is buried at his foundation, Santa Maria di Ripoll.
32
. Peter Sahlins,
Boundaries: The Making of France and Spain in the Pyrenees
(Berkeley, 1989).
33
. Norman Davies,
Europe: A History
(Oxford, 1996), pp. 427–8.
34
. Jocelyn Hillgarth, ‘The Problem of a Catalan Mediterranean Empire’,
English Historical Review
, 90 (1975), pp. 3  ff.
35
. J. H. Elliott,
The Revolt of the Catalans: A Study in the Decline of Spain, 1598
–
1640
(Cambridge, 1963), p. 3. See also his ‘A Europe of Composite Monarchies’,
Past and Present
, 137/1 (1992), pp. 48  ff.
36
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/lista_de_reis_d’aragon
(Catalan). In the present study, the Aragonese style will be followed, but the Catalan form is equally correct.
37
. Pass of Manzana, from
The Chronicle of Muntaner
, trans. from the Catalan by Lady Goodenough (London, 1921).
38
. Philippe III le Hardi, during the ‘Aragonese Crusade’. See Ivan Gobry,
Philippe III, fils de Saint Louis
(Paris, 2004).
39
.
The Chronicle of Muntaner
, vol. 1, pp. 16–17.
40
. K. L. Reyerson, ‘Flight from Prosecution: The Search for Religious Asylum in Mediaeval Montpellier’,
French Historical Studies
, 17/3 (1992), pp. 602–26.
41
. See Y. Baer,
A History of the Jews in Christian Spain
, 2 vols. (Philadelphia, 1961).
42
. Francesca Español, ‘El salterio y libro de horas de Alfonso el Magnánimo y el cardenal Joan de Casanova 28962 (British Library, Add. 28962)’,
Locus Amoenus
, 6 (2002–3).
43
. Coronation of Alfonso El Benigno, 1328, from,
The Chronicle of Muntaner
, vol. 2, pp. 722–8.
44
. Dawson,
Mediaeval Religion and Other Essays
, p. 135.
45
. John Boswell,
The Royal Treasure: Muslim Communities under the Crown of Aragon
(New Haven, 1977).
46
.
Gesta Comitum Barcinonensiam
, ed. L. Barrau Dihigo and J. MassÓ i Torrents. (Barcelona, 1925).
47
. Ana Isabel Lapeña Paúl,
Selección de documentos del monasterio de San Juan de la Peña, 1195
–
1410
(Zaragoza, 1995), p. 388.
48
. Felipe Fernández-Armesto,
Barcelona: A Thousand Years of the City’s Past
(London, 1991).
49
. Susan Rose, ‘Christians, Muslims and Crusaders: Naval Warfare in the Mediterranean at the Time of the Crusades’, in her
Medieval Naval Warfare
(London, 2002), ch. III.
50
.
The Chronicle of Muntaner
, vol. 1, pp. 50–52; J. A. Robson, ‘The Catalan Fleet and Moorish Sea-power (1337–1344)’,
English Historical Review
, 74 (1959), pp. 386–408.
51
.
The Book of Deeds of James I of Aragon: A Translation of the Medieval Catalan
Llibre dels Fets, Crusade Texts in Translation, 10, trans. Damian Smith and Helena Buffery (Aldershot, 2003), pp. 78–81.
52
. Ibid., p. 84.
53
. Ibid., p. 86.
54
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/valencian
(2007); see also
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/kingdom_of_valencia
(2008).
55
. R. I. Burns, ‘Muslims in the Thirteenth-Century Realms of Aragon’, in J. Powell (ed.),
Muslims under Latin Rule, 1100
–
1300
(Princeton, 1990).
56
.
Spain
, Dorling Kindersley series (London, 2000), pp. 240–43.
57
. J. L. Sotoca García,
Los amantes de Teruel: la tradición y la historia
(Zaragoza, 1979).
58
. Marta VanLandingham, ‘The Domestic Influence of the Queen’, in her
Transforming the State: King, Court and Political Culture in the Realms of Aragon (1213
–
1387)
(Leiden, 2002), pp. 187–94.
59
. See Chaytor,
History of Aragon and Catalonia
, ch. 8.
60
. Denis Mack Smith,
Mediaeval Sicily
(London, 1968); Clifford Backman,
The Decline and Fall of Medieval Sicily: Politics, Religion and Economy in the Reign of Frederick III, 1296
–
1337
(Cambridge, 1995).
61
. Steven Runciman,
The Sicilian Vespers
(Cambridge, 1958).
62
. Lawrence Mott,
Sea Power in the Medieval Mediterranean: The Catalan-Aragonese Fleet in the War of the Sicilian Vespers
(Gainesville, Fla., 2003).
63
. ‘Roger of Loria’,
Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia
,
www.education.yahoo
(2011).
64
. Michele Amari,
History of the War of the Sicilian Vespers
(London, 1850), vol. 2, pp. 231–3.
65
. Dante Alighieri,
Purgatorio
, canto III, ll. 114–17 (translation by author).
66
. Ibid., canto VII, ll. 70–129.
67
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/category:kings_of_sicily
(2008).
68
. See Neil Wilson,
Malta
(London, 2000).
69
.
The Chronicle of Muntaner
, vol. 2, pp. 507–9.
70
. K. M. Setton,
The Catalan Domination of Athens, 1311
–
88
(London, 1975).
71
. Ibid.
72
. David Abulafia, ‘The Aragonese Kingdom of Albania: An Angevin Project of 1311–16’, in B. Arbel (ed.),
Intercultural Contacts in the Medieval Mediterranean
(London, 1996), pp. 1–13.
73
. See Paul Kennedy,
The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers
(London, 1988).
74
. Burns, ‘Muslims’, pp. 67  ff.
75
. David Abulafia,
A Medieval Emporium: The Catalan Kingdom of Majorca
(Cambridge, 1994).
76
. Ibid.
77
. A. L. Isaacs,
The Jews of Majorca
(London, 1936).
78
. E. A. Peers,
Ramon Lull: A Biography
(London, 1929).
79
.
The Chronicle of Muntaner
, vol. 2, p. 661.
80
. Pere III of Catalonia (Pedro IV of Aragon),
Chronicle
, trans. Mary Hillgarth (Toronto, 1980).
81
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/james_iii_of_majorca
(2008).
82
. T. N. Bisson,
Tormented Voices: Power, Crisis and Humanity in Rural Catalonia
,
1140
–
1200
(Cambridge, Mass., 1998).
83
. In his will, Pedro IV had appointed his daughter and only child, Constanza, as his successor. His temerity in this matter was seen by many nobles as a direct threat to their own, more normal practice of male primogeniture.
84
.
www.1902encyclopedia.com/s/spa/spain-24htm
(2010).
85
. Pere III (Pedro IV),
Chronicle
, pp. 431–9.
86
. J. N. Hillgarth, ‘The Royal Accounts of the Crown of Aragon’, in her
Spain and the Mediterranean in the Later Middle Ages
(Aldershot, 2003), study III, p. 15.
87
. Josep Brugada i Gutiérrez-Ravé,
Nicolau Eimeric (1320–1399) i la polèmica inquisitorial
(Barcelona, 1998).
88
. Mack Smith,
Mediaeval Sicily
, ch. VII, ‘The New Feudalism’.
89
. Bianca Pitzorno,
Vita di Eleonora d’Arborea: principessa medioevale di Sardegna
(Brescia, 1984).
90
. Eleonora d’Arborea,
Carta de Logu
(Sassari, 2002, facsimile of the 1805 edn.).
91
. VanLandingham,
Transforming the State
, ‘Introduction’.
92