Vanished Kingdoms: The Rise and Fall of States and Nations (143 page)

CHAPTER 13. RUSYN

Bibliographical Note
. Thanks to the work of American and Canadian Ukrainians, the history of Carpatho-Ruthenia is reasonably accessible in English. The principal scholar in the field is Paul Robert Magocsi, whose titles include
The Rusyn-Ukrainians of Czechoslovakia
(Vienna, 1983),
Carpatho-Rusyn Studies: A Bibliography
(New York, 1988), and
Our People: Carpatho-Rusyns and their Descendants in North America
(Toronto, 1994). The region also attracted a number of Western travellers with a taste for the exotic, notably Henry Baerlein,
In Czechoslovakia’s Hinterland
(London, 1938).

I

1
. Anthony Hope,
The Prisoner of Zenda
(London, 1894).

II

2
. Paul Magocsi, ‘National Assimilation: The Case of the Rusyn-Ukrainians of Czechoslovakia’,
East Central Europe
, 11/2 (1975), pp. 101–31.
3
. Michael Winch,
Republic for a Day: An Eye-witness Account of the Carpatho-Ukraine Incident
(London, 1939), pp. 275  ff.
4
. Ibid.
5
. Ibid.
6
.
www.ucrdc.org/hi-augustyn-voloshyn.html
.
7
. Yuri Snegirev, ‘A New Republic is Close to Appearing in Transcarpathia’,
Izvestiya
(14 Nov. 2008), trans. at
www.robertamsterdam.com/2008/11/when_in_ruthenia.htm
.

III

8
. Immanuel Wallerstein,
Modern World Systems: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World Economy
(New York, 1974).
9
. Hans Kohn,
The Idea of Nationalism: A Study of its Origin and Background
(New York, 1944).
10
. Ernest Gellner,
Nations and Nationalism
(Oxford, 1983).
11
. John Plamenatz,
Man and Society: A Critical Examination of Some Important Social and Political Theories
(London, 1963).
12
. Ibid., quoted by Norman Davies,
Europe East and West
(London, 2006), pp. 29–32.
13
. Ibid.
14
. Vesna Goldsworthy,
Inventing Ruritania: The Imperialism of the Imagination
(London, 1998), p. xi. See also Norman Davies, ‘Fair Comparisons and False Contrasts’, in his
Europe East and West
, pp. 22–45.

CHAPTER 14. ÉIRE

Bibliographical Note
. Despite an enormous literature, Ireland’s twentieth-century history is not particularly accessible. Many authors are manifestly partisan, and others assume exacting levels of knowledge that their readers may not possess. General surveys of the subject have been published by Mary Collins (London, 1970), Edward Norman (London, 1971), J. J. Lee (Cambridge, 1989), Tony Gray (London, 1996), Alvin Jackson (Oxford, 1999), Richard Killeen (Dublin, 2003) and Tim Pat Coogan (London, 2004). Roy Foster, who brings strong cultural insights into his political analysis, is the acknowledged authority. Senia Pašeta,
Modern Ireland: A Very Short Introduction
(Oxford, 2003) provides a good entry point.
The Oxford Companion to Irish History
, ed. S. J. Connolly (Oxford 1998), offers a mine of reliable information. Recordings of all the songs in this chapter can be found on the website of
www.youtube.com
.

I

1
.
Irish Times
(4 April 2011).
2
. Ray MacManais,
The Road from Ardoyne: The Making of a President
(Dingle, 2004).
3
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/amhran_na_bhfiann
(2008).
4
.
www.visitdublin.com/seeanddo/historicsites/dublin.aspx
(2008).
5
.
www.fiannafail.ie
(2010).
6
.
www.finegael.org
(2010).
7
. ‘Worldwide Quality of Life Index, 2005’,
www.economist.com/media/pdf/quality_of_life.pdf
(2008). Interestingly, a rival index produced by the Irish-based organization International
Living.com
placed France in first place, and Ireland in 57th;
www.il-ireland.com/qofl2008/
(2009).
8
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/list_of_high_kings_of_ireland
(2009).
9
. M. Mahoney,
Brian Boru: Ireland’s Greatest King
(Stroud, 2002).
10
. See Cecelia Holland,
The Kings in Winter
(New York, 1968) and Morgan Llywelyn,
Lion of Ireland
(New York, 1980), historical novels; also
www.doyle.com.au/battleclontarf.htm
.
11
. Philip Robinson,
The Ulster Plantation: British Settlement in an Irish Landscape, 1600
–
1607
(Belfast, 2005); Cyril Falls,
The Birth of Ulster
(London, 1996).
12
. R. Dunlop (ed.),
Ireland under the Commonwealth
(Manchester, 1913).
13
. P. B. Ellis,
The Boyne Water
(London, 1976).
14
. M. Wall,
The Penal Laws, 1691
–
1760
(Dundalk, 1961).
15
. ‘Let Erin Remember’, Thomas Moore,
Poetical Works
(Edinburgh, n.d), pp. 440–41.
16
. As recounted by Mary Kenny,
The Crown and the Shamrock: Love and Hate between Ireland and the British Monarchy
(Dublin, 2009).
17
. Roy Foster,
Charles Stuart Parnell: The Man and his Family
(Hassocks, 1979); Paul Bew,
Parnell
(Dublin, 1991).
18
. R. V. Comerford,
The Fenians in Context, 1858
–
82
(Dublin, 1998).
19
. D. O’Corrain and T. O’Riordan,
Ireland, 1815–70: Emancipation, Famine, and Religion
(Dublin, 2011).
20
. Diarmaid Ferriter, ‘Ireland in the Twentieth Century’,
www.gov.ie/en/essays/twentieth.html
(2009).
21
. Roy Foster, ‘The “New” Nationalism’, in his
Modern Ireland, 1600
–
1972
(London, 1988), pp. 450, 454.
22
.
www.ireland-information.com/irishmusic/thewearingofthegreen.shtml
(2010).
23
. ‘When Irish Eyes Are Smiling’, from
The Isle O’ Dreams
(1912) by Chauncey Olcott,
www.contemplator.com/ireland/irisheye.html
(2009).
24
. W. S. Churchill,
My Early Life
(London, 1930).
25
. Michael O’Riain, ‘Queen Victoria and her Reign at Leinster House’,
Dublin Historical Record
, 1 (1999), pp. 75–86.

II

26
. Full text in Foster,
Modern Ireland
, pp. 596–7.
27
. Brian Barton and Richard Foy,
The Easter Rising
(Stroud, 1999).
28
.
www.triskelle.eu/lyrics/bloodstainedbandage.php?index
(2009).
29
.
www.firstworldwar.com/audio/itsalongwaytotipperary.htm
(2009).
30
. Foster,
Modern Ireland
, p. 489.
31
.
www.loyalist.lyrics.co.uk/index-s.html
(2009).
32
. Foster,
Modern Ireland
, p. 489.
33
. Ibid., p. 490.
34
. ‘Sinn Fein’s ‘Declaration of Independence’,
Manchester Guardian
(22 Jan. 1922).
35
. ‘The Rifles of the IRA’,
http://ingeb.org/songs/inninet.htm
(2009).
36
. C. L. Mowat,
Britain between the Wars
(London, 1968), pp. 84–5.
37
. See Ronan Fanning, ‘De Valera’, in
Dictionary of Irish Biography
(Cambridge, 2009).
38
. Tim Pat Coogan,
Michael Collins: A Biography
(London, 1990).
39
. R. Davis,
Arthur Griffith
(Dundalk, 1976).
40
. See Arthur Griffith,
The Resurrection of Hungary: A Parallel for Ireland
(Dublin, 1904).
41
. Calton Younger,
A State of Disunion
(London, 1972).
42
. See Thomas Jones,
Diary with Letters
(London, 1954).
43
. See Frank Pakenham (Lord Longford),
Peace by Ordeal
(London, 1962).
44
. Kevin O’Higgins, quoted in J. Cannon (ed.),
The Oxford Companion to British History
(Oxford, 1997), p. 515.
45
. Foster,
Modern Ireland
, p. 509.
46
. Ibid., p. 506.
47
. Tom Cox,
The Damned Englishman: A Study of Erskine Childers
(Hicksville, NY, 1975).
48
. See Tim Pat Coogan,
De Valera: Long Fellow, Long Shadow
(London, 1993).
49
. ‘Take it down from the Mast’,
www.free-lyrics/thedubliners/274859.html
.
50
. Jeremy Dibble,
Charles Villiers Stanford: Man and Musician
(Oxford, 2002); C. V. Stanford,
Pages from an Unwritten Diary
(London, 1914).
51
. ‘A Fire of Turf’, op. 139, nr. 1 (1913), words by Winifred Letts, from
An Irish Idyll
.
52
. e.g. George VI, ‘the last King of Ireland’,
www.answers.com/topic/king-george-vi
(2009).
53
. Text of the Anglo-Irish Treaty 1921: National Archives of Ireland,
Documents on Irish Foreign Policy
, vol. 1:
1919
–
21
(Dublin, 1998), also online.
54
. ‘God Save Ireland’,
www.celtic-lyrics.com>forum>lyrics
.
55
. By Mary Kenny, in
The Crown and the Shamrock
. See also N. Browne,
Church and State in Modern Ireland
(Belfast, 1991).
56
. Foster,
Modern Ireland
, p. 518.
57
. Enda Macdonagh, ‘Church–State Relations in Independent Ireland’, in James Mackey (ed.),
Religion and Politics in Ireland
(Dublin, 2003).
58
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/monarchy_of_ireland
(2009).
59
.
www.iol.ie/~dluby/anthem.html
(2009).
60
. Brendan Sexton,
Ireland and the Crown, 1922
–
36
:
The Governor-Generalship of the Irish Free State
(Dublin, 1989).
61
. ‘
Bunreacht na hÉireann
’,
www.constitution.ie/constitution-of-ireland/default.asp
(2009).
62
. J. E. and G. W. Donleavy,
Douglas Hyde: A Maker of Modern Ireland
(Oxford, 1991).
63
. Coogan,
De Valera
.
64
. Ian Wood,
Ireland during the Second World War
(London, 2002); E. O’Halpin (ed.),
MI5 and Ireland, 1939
–
45
(Dublin, 2003); Brian Girvin,
The Emergency: Neutral Ireland
(London, 2006); Clair Wills,
That Neutral Island: A Cultural History of Ireland during the Second World War
(London, 2007).
65
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/republic_of_ireland_act_1948
(2009), with text.
66
. Foster,
Modern Ireland
.
67
. ‘Ireland Act, 1949, c41, 12 and 13 Geo 6’, full text at
http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/ireland_act_1949
(2009).
68
. ‘Crown of Ireland Act, 1542, c. 1 33 Hen. 8’, full text at
www.opsi.gov.uk/revisedstatutes/acts/aip/1542/caip_15420001_en_1
(2009). This Act, including the clause on ‘High Treason’, still applies in Northern Ireland.
69
.
www.thebards.net/music/lyrics/patriot_game.shtml
(2010).
70
. Paul Bew
et al.
,
Northern Ireland, 1921–2001: Political Forces and Social Classes
(London, 1995).
71
.
www.loyalistlyrics.co.uk/index-h.html
(2009).
72
. Mary E. Daly and Margeret O’Callaghan (eds.),
1916 in 1996: Commemorating the Easter Rising
(Dublin, 2007).
73
. Patrick Bishop and Eamonn Mallie,
The Provisional IRA
(London, 1987).
74
. Eamonn McCann,
Bloody Sunday in Derry
(Dingle, 1998); idem,
The Bloody Sunday Enquiry
(London, 2006).
75
. Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN) Webservice, ‘The Sunningdale Agreement’:
http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/sunningdale/agreement.htm
(2009).
76
. Mairead Corrigan and Betty Williams, Nobel Prize Winners, 1976:
www.peacepeople.com/pphistory.htm
(2009).
77
. Paul Routledge,
The Elusive Life and Violent Death of Airey Neave
(London, 2003).
78
. Philip Ziegler,
Mountbatten: The Official Biography
(London, 2001).
79
. J. M. Feehan,
Bobby Sands and the Tragedy of Modern Ireland
(Sag Harbor, NY, 1985).
80
. ‘The Men behind the Wire’, composed by Paddy McGuigan of the Barleycorn group, who was himself interned as a reward for writing the song. See
http://unitedireland.tripod.com/id110.htm
(2009).
81
. ‘Go home, British soldiers’ (1972), composed by Tommy Skelly of the South Dublin Union. See R. Daly and D. Warfield,
Celtic and Ireland in Song and Story
(Glasgow, 1990), pp. 38, 150–55.
82
. From
The Wolfe Tones Song Book
, vol. 2 (1990).
83
. Pašeta,
Modern Ireland: A Very Short Introduction
, p. 146.
84
.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j61grao2x9g
(2011).
85
. Ed Moloney,
The Secret History of the IRA
(London, 2002).
86
. Ian Paisley, MP,
www.allgreatquotes.com/ian_paisley_quotes.shtml
(2010).
87
. Kevin Bean,
The New Politics of Sinn Fein
(Liverpool, 2007).
88
.
www.nio-gov.uk/theagreement/politicalbackground_8_august_2004
(2009).
89
. BBC News, 16 August 1998,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/h/events/northern_ireland/latest_events/152156.stm
(2009).
90
. Dean Godson,
Himself Alone: David Trimble and the Ordeal of Unionism
(London, 2005); Frank Millar,
David Trimble: The Price of Peace
(Dublin, 2008); George Drower,
John Hume: Man of Peace
(London, 1996); Paul Routledge,
John Hume: A Biography
(London, 1998).
91
. Steve Bruce,
God Save Ulster: The Religion and Politics of Paisleyism
(Oxford, 1986); idem,
Paisley: Religion and Politics in Northern Ireland
(Oxford, 2007).
92
. L. Clarke and M. Johnston,
Martin McGuinness: From Guns to Government
(Edinburgh, 2003); see also Gerry Adams,
Hope and History: Making Peace in Ireland
(Dingle, 2003).
93
. Officially the British-Irish Council first convened in 1999; see
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/british%e2%80%93irish_council
.
94
. ‘A Day of Justice Dawning’ or ‘The Winds are Singing Freedom’, by Terry Makem,
http://merryploughboys.com/cd-lyrics/3_01twasf.html
(2009).
95
. ‘A Nation Once Again’, composed by Thomas Osborne Davis (1814–45),
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/a_nation_once_again
(2009); see also
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/us/features/topten
(2009), with audio recording by the Wolfe Tones.
96
. Fintan O’Toole,
Ship of Fools: How Stupidity and Corruption Killed the Celtic Tiger
(London, 2009).
97
. Damien Dempsey, ‘Celtic Tiger’,
http://www.justsomelyrics.com/1511874
(2011).
98
. Michael Cox
et al.
,
A Farewell to Arms: Beyond the Good Friday Agreement
, 2nd edn. (Manchester, 2006).
99
. Mary MacAleese, ‘Changing History’, Longford Lecture, 23 November 2007, quoted Margaret Macmillan,
The Uses and Abuses of History
(London, 2009), p. 72.
100
. Ian Paisley, 8 May 2007,
www.allgreatquotes.com
.
101
. Gerry Adams, 4 December 2009,
http://www.leargas.blogspot.com/2009/12/lesson-of-history.html
(2010).
102
. ‘No MPs and no Empey’,
Guardian
(10 Aug. 2010).
103
.
http://noplaceinthesun.com/page15.htm
(2011).
104
. Quoted in ‘After the Race’,
The Economist
(19 Feb. 2011).
105
. Peter Topping, ‘Ireland’s 2010 Deficit Largest in the EU’,
Inside Ireland
(27 June 2011).
106
.
http://fairocracy.com/general_election_results_2011/irish_general_election_full_results.html
(28 Feb. 2011).
107
. Diarmaid Ferriter, ‘The People’s Act of Revenge’,
Guardian
(24 Feb. 2011).
108
.
http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-us/whatwe…/state-visit-ireland-2011