Witches: The Absolutely True Tale of Disaster in Salem (12 page)

Boyer, Paul, and Stephen Nissenbaum.
Salem Possessed: The Social Origins of Witchcraft
. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1974.

———.
The Salem Witchcraft Papers: Verbatim Transcripts of the Legal Documents of the Salem Witchcraft Outbreak of 1692
. 3 vols. Transcribed in 1938 by the Works Progress Administration under supervision of Archie N. Frost. New York: Da Capo Press, 1977. Available online at http://etext.virginia.edu/salem/witchcraft/texts/transcripts.html

Burr, George Lincoln, ed.
Narratives of the Witchcraft Cases, 1648-1706
. New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1914. Available online at http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng//files/96/18/f9618/public/BurNarr.html

Calef, Robert.
More Wonders of the Invisible World
. In Burr,
Narratives of the Witchcraft Cases, 1648-1706
. Available online at http://etext.virginia.edu/toc/modeng//files/96/18/f9618/public/Bur5Nar.html

Demos, John Putnam.
Entertaining Satan: Witchcraft and the Culture of Early New England
. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.

Derks, Scott, and Tony Smith. “Currency in Colonial America: Slave Trades 1600-1749.”
The Value of a Dollar: Colonial Era to the Civil War, 1600-1865
. Amenia, NY: Grey House, 2005.

Discovery Education. “Salem Witch Trials: The World Beyond the Hysteria.” http://school.discoveryeducation.com/schooladventures/salemwitchtrials/

Fowler, Samuel Page.
An Account of the Life, Character, &c., of the Rev. Samuel Parris, of Salem Village, and of His Connection with the Witchcraft Delusion of 1692: Read before the Essex Institute, Nov’r 14, 1856
. Salem, MA: William Ives and George W. Pease, 1857. Available online at http://books.google.com/books?id=bAIERsPLjmIC&source=gbs_navlinks_s

Gildrie, Richard P.
Salem, Massachusetts 1626-1683: A Covenant Community
. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 1975.

Hale, John.
Modest Inquiry into the Nature of Witchcraft
. Boston: B. Green and J. Allen, 1702. Available online at http://etext.virginia.edu/salem/witchcraft/archives/ModestEnquiry

Hill, Frances.
A Delusion of Satan: The Full Story of the Salem Witch Trials
. New York: Doubleday, 1995.

———.
The Salem Witch Trials Reader
. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2000.

Historical Collections of the Essex Institute. Vol. 3. Ed. John S. Pierson, A. M. Salem, MA: G. M. Whipple & A.A. Smith, 1861. Available online at http://www.archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi03esseuoft

Hurd, Duane Hamilton, ed.
History of Essex County Massachusetts. Vol. 2, pt. 1
, Philadelphia: J. W. Lewis and Company, 1888.

Hutchinson, Thomas,
The History of Massachusetts Bay.
3 vols. “The Case of Margaret Jacobs.” London: John Murray, 1828. Available online at http://history.hanover.edu/courses/excerpts/244jacob.html.

Karlsen, Carol F.
Devil in the Shape of a Woman: Witchcraft in Colonial New England
. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1998.

Lawson, Deodat.
A Brief and True Narrative by Deodat Lawson, 1692
. In Burr,
Narratives of the Witchcraft Cases, 1648-1706
. Available online at http://etext.virginia.edu/toc/modeng//files/96/18/f9618/public/Bur1Nar.html

Letter of Thomas Brattle, F.R.S., 1692. In Burr,
Narratives of the Witchcraft Cases, 1648-1706
. Available online at http://etext.virginia.edu/toc/modeng//files/96/18/f9618/public/Bur1Nar.html

Linder, Douglas O. “Salem Witchcraft Trials, 1692.” University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law. Accessed 2009. http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/salem.htm

Madden, Matt. “Examination of Rebecca Nurse of Salem Village.” Undergraduate course paper, Salem Witch Trials Documentary Archive and Transcription Project, University of Virginia, 2001. http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/salem/people/nursecourt.html

Mather, Cotton.
The Wonders of the Invisible World: Being an Account of the Tryals of Several Witches
. London: J.R. Smith, 1862. Available online at http://www.archive.org/details/wondersofinvisib00mathuoft

Mather, Increase,
Cases of Conscience Concerning Evil Spirits Personating Men, Witchcrafts, Infallible Proofs of Guilt in Such as Are Accused with that Crime
. Boston: Benjamin Harris, 1693. Available online at http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/salem/witchcraft/speccol/mather/

Nevins, Winfield S.
Witchcraft in Salem Village in 1692: Together with a Review of the Opinions of Modern Writers and Psychologists in Regard to Outbreak of the Evil in America
. Salem, MA: Salem Press Co., 1916.

The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, April 1857, vol. XI
. “Danvers Church Records.” Ed. Samuel G. Drake. Andover, MA: Warren F. Draper, 1857. http://books.google.com/books?id=gWoFAAAAQAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s

The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, July 1858, vol. XII
. “Danvers Church Records.” Ed. Samuel G. Drake. Boston: H. W. Dutton & Son, 1858. Available online at http://books.google.com/books?id=q2oFAAAAQAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s

Norton, Mary Beth.
In the Devil’s Snare: The Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692
. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002.

The Public Records of the Colony of Connecticut
. J. H. Trumbull and C. J. Hoadly, eds. Hartford, CT: Brown & Parsons, 1850. Available online at http://www.archive.org/details/publicrecordsofc001conn

Roach, Marilynne K.
In the Days of the Salem Witchcraft Trials
. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1996.

———.
The Salem Witch Trials: A Day-by-Day Chronicle of a Community Under Siege
. New York: Cooper Square Press, 2002.

Rosenthal, Bernard.
Salem Story: Reading the Witch Trials of 1692
. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Scott, Richard T., “Salem Witch Trials: The 20 Victims,” Salem Focus. http://www.salemfocus.com/Victims.htm

Scottow, Joshua.
Narrative of the Planting of the Massachusetts Colony
. Boston: Benjamin Harris, 1694. Available online at http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/scottow/4/

Smith, Jillian, and Eliza Pollack. “Biography: Martha Cory.” Undergraduate course paper, Salem Witch Trials Documentary Archive and Transcription Project, University of Virginia, 2002/2006. http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/saxon-salem/servlet/SaxonServlet?source=salem/texts/bios.xml&style=salem/xsl/dynaxml.xsl&chunk.id=b35&clear-stylesheet-cache=yes

Upham, Charles W.
Salem Witchcraft: With an Account of Salem Village and a History of Opinions on Witchcraft and Kindred Subjects
. 2 vols. Boston: Frederick Ungar, 1867. Available online at http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17845/17845-h/salemcontents.html

Warren, Charles.
History of the Harvard Law School and of Early Legal Conditions in America
. Vol. 3. New York: Lewis Publishing Co., 1908.

Woodward, William Elliot.
Records of Salem Witchcraft: Copied from the Original Documents
. 2 vols. Roxbury, MA: W. Elliot Woodward, 1865. Available online at http://history.hanover.edu/texts/salem/gburroughs.html

Boldface
indicates illustrations.

A

Affliction

causes

overview of victims

symptoms

B

Baron, Benjamin

Bibber, Goodie

Bishop, Bridget

Brattle, Thomas

Burroughs, George

accusations against

arrest

execution

family

life of

removal of charges

testimony against

C

Calef, Robert

Carrier, Martha

Cheevers, Ezekiel

Churchill, Sarah

Cloyse, Sarah

Confessions

Confessions, recanted

Corwin, George

Corwin, Jonathan

Cory, Giles

Cory, Martha

Court of Oyer and Terminer

D

DeRich, Mary

Dogs, accused

Dustin, Lydia

E

Easty, Mary

English, Mary

English, Philip

G

Gedney, Bartholomew

Glover, Goody

Godman, Elizabeth

Good, Dorcas

Good, Sarah

accusations against

begging from Parris

execution

infant

in jail

trial

Gospel Women

Green, Joseph

Griggs, William

H

Hale, John

Hathorn, John

How, Elizabeth

Hubbard, Elizabeth

I

Invisible World

see also
Spectral evidence

J

Jacobs, George, Sr.

Jacobs, Margaret

Jail conditions & fees

John Indian

Jones, Margaret

Judges

K

Keney, Henry

L

Lacy, Mary, Jr.

Lewis, Mercy

M

Martin, Susanna

Mather, Cotton

Mather, Increase

Motivation for accusations

N

Natural World

Noyes, Nicholas

Nurse, Francis

Nurse, Rebecca

Nurse, Sarah

O

Osborn, Sarah

P

Parker, Alice

Parker, Mary

Parris, Betty

accusations by

affliction

after the trials

at the trials

Parris, Elizabeth

Parris, Samuel (Reverend)

after the trials

anger about black magic

witchcake

attending lecture

church services

fits as sign from God

forced to leave Salem

restitution offer

revenge

and Tituba

unpaid salary

Parris, Susannah

Parris, Thomas

Partridge, Jonathan

Phips, William

Pope, Mrs.

Porter family

Proctor, Elizabeth

Proctor, John

Proctor, William

Pudeator, Ann

Putnam, Ann, Jr.

accusations by

affliction

after the trials

apology for accusations

at the trials

Putnam, Ann, Sr.

Putnam, Edward

Putnam, Thomas

Putnam family

R

Redd, Wilmott

Restitution

Revenge

Richards, John

Ruck, Thomas

S

Saltonstall, Nathaniel

Scott, Margaret

Sergeant, Peter

Sewall, Samuel

Sewall, Stephen

Sheldon, Susanna

Sibley, Mary

Spectral evidence

Stoughton, William

T

Tituba (slave)

Toothaker, Mary

W

Walcott, Mary

Wardwell, Samuel

Warren, Mary

Watkins, Mary

Wildes, Sarah

Willard, John

Willard, Samuel

Williams, Abigail

accusations by

affliction

after the trials

at the trials

Winthrop, Wait-Still

Wonn (slave)

As I sifted through volume after volume of research for this story, I was astonished by the vivid imagery that leapt from the pages of each and every trial transcript, letter, book, sermon, list of confiscated property, and other pieces of original source material related to the Salem Witch Trials. By sprinkling quotations from these writings throughout my book, I hope to transport readers back through time, to evoke the sense of horror and dread and wonder that made Puritan witch hunters and their victims pen their terrible words. But 400 years is a long time, and a living language like English has a way of shifting shape through the ages. So in order to clarify the quoted material for modern readers while still retaining its tone, I have abridged many long-winded passages, updated much of the spelling, and clarified a small number of the most archaic terms. To find the original texts, please refer to the notes. Because this tale is so very dark in tone, and to echo 17th-century woodcuts, I decided to do the artwork in black and white with a few small red accents. I conjured up the pictures on Ampersand Scratchbord, a hard thin board covered with a layer of extremely white clay and then coated with black India ink. Making the artwork involves a labor-intensive process calling for a sharp pointed scratch knife that cuts away the black ink coating until a picture appears. The red accents are added by computer. To ensure the accuracy of my art, I referred to period works and photographs I took in and around Salem and Danvers, Massachusetts.

To see me working on the art for this book, scan this code or text Witches to 20583. To get a mobile scanner, text NatGeo to 20583. On your computer, go to YouTube.com and search for “Rosalyn Schanzer.”