Your Brain and Business: The Neuroscience of Great Leaders (42 page)

worry,
39–40

empathy

fairness and,
68
neuroscience of,
61–65
perspective-taking versus,
65–67

enrollment
,
138

errors.
See
leadership errors

executive environment, enhancing with brain science

decreasing threat,
6
developing coaching protocols and tools,
8
providing insights and evidence,
8
providing system for targeted interventions,
8
repackaging,
5
uncovering myth,
6–7

expert performance
,
79–80
,
111–113

F

 

failure, fear of
,
28

fairness
,
67–71

fear
,
13–15
,
75

conscious fear,
28–29
in contextual conditioning,
133
displacing as primary emotion being processed,
32–33
effect on decision making,
31–32
effect on memory consolidation,
168
of failure,
28
fear response in people with cortical blindness,
31
neuroscience of,
104–105
recognizing effects of,
33–35
unconscious fear,
30–31

flexibility
,
238–241

fMRI
,
4
,
142

focusing on positive
,
201–202

framing trap
,
18

fronto-parietal cortex
,
112

G

 

geographic control
,
219

glia
,
109

goals, breaking into component parts
,
210

Goleman, Daniel
,
59

H

 

Habermacher, Andy
,
1

habit memory systems
,
128–130

Hamel, Gary
,
77
,
92

heteromodal association areas
,
100

hierarchical social relations, preference for
,
68

hippocampus

change and,
124
contextual conditioning,
132
explained,
188
imagery versus observation,
142
long-term memory,
129–130
novelty seeking,
108
targeted interventions,
207–208

Hippocrates
,
4

honeymoon-hangover effect
,
128

hot reasoning
,
11–12

HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis

attachment anxiety,
81
resilience,
110

I

 

imagery
,
142–144

Impostor Syndrome
,
104–105
,
230–232

increasing innovation
,
227–230

inequity,
67–71

inferior frontal gyrus
,
113

inferior parietal cortex

deliberative reasoning,
99
in perspective-taking,
66
voice training,
111

information overload
,
123

inhibition
,
93

innovation

increasing,
227–230
neuroscience of,
92–98
processes in,
92

insecure attachment
,
80–82

insights, providing with brain science
,
8

insula

explained,
190
in inequity,
68
intuitive reasoning,
99
insula mapping,
212–214
motivated reasoning,
134
targeted interventions,
211–214

intangibles, coaching interventions on
,
114–115

intentions, mirroring
,
63–65

intraparietal sulcus

advice-giving,
113
imagery versus observation,
142

intuition

in mathematical ability,
111
neuroscience of,
98–101

ironic process theory
,
167–169

isolated leaders
,
9–11

isolation
,
34

K—L

 

Katzenbach, Jon
,
61

Knoblauch, Chuck
,
167

language, action-oriented
,
144–147

lateral
,
125

lateral orbital cortex
,
134

layoffs, fear of
,
28

leadership errors

anxiety,
13–15
attachments to people/places/things that affect decisions,
16–17
cold reasoning,
11–12
conflicts of interest,
15–16
discomfort with change,
12–13
isolation,
9–11
misleading memories,
17–18
psychological traps,
18–19
table of common assumptions,
19–20

left angular gyrus
,
112

left anterior insula
,
68

left frontal cortex

action-oriented questions,
144–147
commitment to change,
140
semantic distance,
94

left inferior frontal gyrus
,
146

left lateral orbital cortex
,
95

lingual gyrus
,
95

loneliness
,
77–78

long-term memory
,
123
,
129–130

LTP (long-term potentiation)
,
130–131

M

 

Mackey, John
,
175

managerial problems, relevance of brain science to
,
5

managing

ambiguity,
244–249
breach of trust,
241–244
cognitive flexibility,
238–241
emotions,
233–237

mathematical ability
,
111

Mayer, Marissa
,
175

medial
,
125

medial occipital gyrus
,
113

medial posterior cortex
,
66

medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)
,
13
,
62

median OFC
,
99

memory

consolidation,
165–170
misleading memories,
17–18
short-term memory center
explained
,
186
managing emotions
,
234
targeted interventions
,
193–195
short-term memory training,
194

Mendonca, Lenny
,
175

middle frontal gyrus
,
99

middle temporal gyrus
,
113

mindfulness
,
48–51

mirror neurons

body language,
101–103
in empathy,
62–65
intuition,
101
mirror neuron interventions,
218–222
in persuasion,
79

mirrored self-misidentification
,
105–106

misleading memories
,
17–18

monetary incentives
,
68
,
209

motivated reasoning
,
134–136

motor cortex

change and,
124
explained,
189
managing emotions,
236
targeted interventions,
210–211

movement, thought and
,
102–103

mPFC (medial prefrontal cortex)
,
13
,
62

MRI
,
4

myths, debunking
,
6–7

N

 

NA (nucleus accumbens)
,
188

naps
,
168

Navar, Vineet
,
176

negative emotions, impact on brain

conscious fear,
28–29
displacing fear as primary emotion being processed,
32–33
effect on decision making,
31–32
explained,
27–28
fear response in people with cortical blindness,
31
recognizing effects of fear and anxiety,
33–35
unconscious fear,
30–31

negative thinking

decreasing “brain pain” by focusing attention elsewhere,
36–37
focusing on support rather than social pain,
37–38
impact on brain,
35–40
negative mood states and increase in pain,
39
worry, impact on decision making,
39–40

neurons

defined,
130
relationship to brain change,
158–159

neuroplasticity
,
158–159
,
192

neuroscience,
1–3
.
See also
brain science

noise reduction
,
147
,
194

novelty-seeking people
,
108–109

nucleus accumbens (NA)
,
188

O

 

observation
,
142–144

occipital area
,
112

optimism
,
206

benefits of,
40–41
correlation with placebo response,
41–42
impact on amygdala and ACC,
42–46

organizational context for change
,
156

organizational problems, relevance of brain science to
,
5

oxytocin
,
73

P

 

PAG (periaqueductal gray)
,
196

pain

decreasing by focusing attention elsewhere,
36–37
focusing on support rather than social pain,
37–38
negative mood states and increase in pain,
39

paracingulate cortex, trust activation of
,
73

parietal cortex
,
98

pasticity of brain
,
158–159

pattern recognition
,
98

periaqueductal gray (PAG)
,
196

personal problems, relevance of brain science to
,
5

perspective

changing,
206
cognitive perspective-taking,
65–67
,
223–227

persuasion
,
79–80

pessimism.
See
negative thinking

PFC (prefrontal cortex)
,
31–32

placebo response
,
41–42

place attachments that impact decisions
,
16–17

planning for crisis
,
205

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