1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed (Turning Points in Ancient History) (48 page)

Greek Dark Age(s),
147

Hala Sultan Tekke,
135
,
146

Halikarnassus,
88

Hammurabi,
13
,
19
,
35
,
124
,
178
,
180

Hanigalbat,
30
,
61

Hanutti,
67

Harem Conspiracy,
136

Hatshepsut,
13
,
17
,
20
,
23
–
24
,
26
–
28
,
42
,
46
,
48
,
62
,
136
,
171
,
178
,
180

Hatti,
54
,
66
,
80
–
83
,
92
,
106
,
143

Hattusa,
xvi
,
31
–
32
,
34
,
36
–
37
,
40
,
68
,
82
,
84
,
89
,
96
,
99
,
125
–
26
,
141
,
155
,
161
,
173

Hattusili I,
13
,
34
–
35

Hattusili III,
13
,
82
–
84
,
98
,
178

Hazor,
92
,
94
–
95
,
118
,
121
,
148

Hebrews,
33
,
89
–
90
,
92
,
95

Hector,
41

Helen,
41
,
70
,
85

Heliopolis,
7

Heracles,
41

Heraklion,
21

Herodotus,
149

Hesiod,
59

Hisarlik,
37
,
86

Hittite(s),
2
,
3
,
13
,
25
,
30
–
37
,
39
–
42
,
44
,
48
,
52
–
53
,
55
,
59
,
61
,
63
,
65
–
68
,
70
–
71
,
80
–
88
,
96
–
100
,
103
–
4
,
106
–
8
,
125
–
26
,
132
–
33
,
135
,
143
–
44
,
150
–
51
,
155
–
56
,
161
–
62
,
164
,
166
,
168
,
171
,
174
,
175

Hittite Empire,
32
,
34
–
35
,
80
,
86
,
100
,
126
,
143

Hittite viceroy of Carchemish,
150

Hiyawa,
12
,
40
,
107

Hoffner, Harry, Jr.,
125

Holy Land,
10

Homer,
3
,
8
,
33
,
40
,
43
,
59
,
78
,
85
–
86
,
127
,
162

House of Rapanu,
105
,
151
.
See also
Rapanu

House of Urtenu,
106
,
108
,
109
,
144
,
155
.
See also
Urtenu

House of Yabninu,
105
.
See also
Yabninu

Hurri,
30

Hurrian,
30
,
88
,
103

Hurru,
92

Hyksos,
8
,
13
–
17
,
21
,
39
,
42
,
90

Hymn of Victory,
28

Iakovidis, Spyros,
130

Ibnadushu,
155

Idadda,
67
,
178

Iliad
,
40
–
41
,
43
,
59
,
127

Ilios,
36
,
41

Indo-European,
30
,
34

Industrial Revolution,
xviii

Indus Valley,
161

Institute of Nautical Archaeology,
73

internal rebellion,
11
,
95
,
130
,
147
–
49
,
165
,
167
.
See also
rebellion

invasion,
15
,
99
–
100
,
113
,
130
–
31
,
148
–
49
,
156
,
160
,
163
,
167
,
172
,
174

Iran,
xv
,
5
,
97
,
123

Iraq,
xv
,
xvi
,
3
,
19
,
22
,
78

Iria,
128

Iron Age,
116
,
143
,
146
,
149
,
152
–
53
,
157
,
159
,
166
,
169
,
171
–
72
,
175

Islands in the Midst of the Sea,
23

Israel,
1
,
5
–
7
,
14
–
15
,
17
,
22
,
33
,
60
,
74
,
92
,
114
–
15
,
118
,
141
,
146
–
47
,
157
–
58

Israelites,
7
,
33
–
34
,
90
–
96
,
118
,
121
,
148
,
175
–
76

Israel Stele,
92

Issus,
155

Isy,
12
,
28
,
31

Italy,
xv
,
1
,
8
,
77
,
114
,
142
,
172

ivory (-ies),
22
,
28
,
75
,
77
–
78
,
88
,
116
–
18
,
131
,
149

Japan,
xvi

Jerusalem,
52
,
91
,
116
,
118
,
122
,
148

Jezreel Valley,
29
,
115

Johnson, Neil,
166

Jordan,
xv
,
15
,
22
,
33
,
114

Jubilee,
23

Jung, Reinhard,
114

Kabri.
See
Tel Kabri

Kadashman-Enlil I,
13
,
56
,
178

Kalavasos-
Ayios Dhimitrios
,
132

Kamose,
14
,
16
–
17
,
178

Kaniewski, David,
145
,
163

Kantor, Helene,
41

Kaptaru,
12
,
19

Karageorghis, Vassos,
132
–
34

Karaoglan,
126

Karnak,
7
,
25
,
29
,
80
,
82

Kashka,
34
,
125
–
26
,
161

Kashtiliashu IV,
13
,
97
,
178

Kassite(s),
35
,
42
,
48
,
54
,
56
–
57
,
61
,
70
,
97
,
123
–
24
,
162

Katsamba,
21

Katsingri,
128

Keftiu,
12
,
19
,
22
–
25
,
28
,
44
,
46
–
47

Kelu-Hepa,
53
–
55

Kephala Hill,
20

Khatte,
2
–
3
,
9
,
125

Khyan,
13
,
21
,
178

Kikkuli,
31

Kilian, Klaus,
131
,
153

Kitchen, Kenneth,
46

Kition,
132
–
33

Kizzuwadna,
3

Knapp, A. Bernard,
134

Knidus,
88

Knossos,
20
–
22
,
38
–
39
,
44
,
47
,
51
,
74
,
88
–
89

Kom el-Hetan,
43
,
46
,
71

Kommos,
74

Korakou,
128
,
141

Korfmann, Manfred,
86
,
127

Krisa,
128

Kukkuli,
13
,
36
,
178

Kula Ring,
58

Kultepe Kanesh,
34

Kurigalzu I,
13
,
56
,
123
,
178

Kurigalzu II,
13
,
61
,
178

Kushmeshusha,
106
,
178

KV 11,
136

KV 20,
28

KV 60,
28

Kydonia,
44
,
47

Kynos,
128
,
141

Kyrenia,
76

Kythera,
44
,
47

Lachish,
94
,
114
–
15
,
118
–
21
,
165

Lake Voulkaria,
146

Lakonia,
128

Land of Palistin,
157

Lang, Mabel,
128

Langgut, Dafna,
147

lapis lazuli,
19
,
22
,
28
,
61
,
77
,
97

large-scale wildfire,
176

Larnaca Salt Lake Complex,
146

Larnaka,
135

Late Bronze Age,
xv
–
xvii
,
9
,
11
–
13
,
20
,
22
,
25
,
35
,
40
,
42
,
59
–
61
,
63
,
74
,
86
,
89
–
90
,
94
,
96
–
98
,
102
,
113
,
121
–
23
,
134
,
138
–
43
,
145
–
50
,
152
,
154
,
156
,
158
–
76

Late Helladic,
39

Lattakia,
113

Lebanon,
1
,
15
,
24
,
27
,
33
,
84
,
137
,
144
,
158

Lefkandi,
128
,
141

Levant,
34
,
74
,
113
,
134
,
138
,
141
,
147
,
152
,
155
,
165
–
66
,
173
,
176

Libya,
xv
–
xvi
,
7
,
8

Libyan,
9

Linear A,
21

Linear B,
21
,
39
,
88
,
89
,
129
,
159

Lion Gate,
38
,
87

Litt, Thomas,
147

Liverani, Mario,
162
–
63

Louvre,
53
,
124
,
138

Lower Egypt,
14
,
16
,
23

Lukka,
7
–
9
,
106
,
167

Luxor,
7
,
43
,
80
,
92

Lycia,
8
,
41
,
107
,
167

Lydia,
88

Maa-Palaeokastro,
132
,
134

Macedonians,
175

Mackenzie, Duncan,
21

mainland Greece,
12

Malinowski, B.,
58
–
59

Man E,
137

Manatt, James,
38

Manetho,
15
,
178

Maran, Joseph,
131
,
173

Mari,
13
,
18
–
20
,
53
,
104

Maroni,
132

Marsa Matruh,
25

Martin, Steve,
62

Maryannu,
30

Masat Höyük,
126

Maspero, Gaston,
11

Maya,
xvi
,
161

Medinet Habu,
2
–
6

Mediterranean,
xv
,
4
,
9
–
11
,
14
,
19
,
22
,
42
,
49
,
71
,
74
–
76
,
78
,
86
,
96
,
101
,
113
–
14
,
132
,
137
,
142
–
47
,
156
,
159
–
60
,
162
,
171
,
173
–
75