1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed (Turning Points in Ancient History) (49 page)

Megiddo,
5
,
29
–
30
,
52
,
91
,
94
,
114
–
18
,
120
–
21
,
141

Memnon,
43

Menelaion,
128
,
141

Menelaus,
85

Menkheperreseneb,
25

merchant(s),
15
,
19
,
23
,
47
–
48
,
50
,
54
,
58
–
59
,
75
,
78
–
80
,
98
,
103
–
5
,
108
,
152
–
54
,
163
,
167
,
179

Merneptah,
6
–
8
,
13
,
92
,
104
,
107
,
114
,
133
,
136
,
143
–
44
,
154
,
171
,
174
,
178

Mesopotamia,
xv
–
xvi
,
9
,
18
–
19
,
22
,
35
,
42
,
49
,
66
,
77
,
86
,
89
,
96
,
104
,
123
–
24
,
145
,
172
,
174

Mesopotamian,
19

Messenia,
47
,
128

Middle Ages,
10

Middle Bronze Age,
122

Middle East,
xvi
,
33
,
165

Middle Kingdom,
15
,
27

Middleton, Guy,
128
,
143

Midea,
128
,
131
,
141

Milawata Letter,
99

Miletus,
84
,
88
,
99

Minet el-Beida,
102
–
4

Minoan(s),
14
–
15
,
17
–
23
,
25
,
39
,
42
,
47
–
48
,
50
–
51
,
61
,
71
,
78
,
87
,
162
,
164
,
166
,
171

Minoan Thalassocracy,
22

Minos, King,
21

Misraim,
12

Mitanni,
xvii
,
13
,
30
–
31
,
53
–
57
,
61
–
62
,
67
,
84
,
97

Mitannian(s),
30
,
31
,
42
,
61
,
70
,
96
,
162
,
171

Mongols,
xvi
,
175

Monroe, Christopher,
150
,
163
,
175

Moses,
33
,
90

Mountjoy, Penelope,
127

Mount Sinai,
90

Muhly, James,
125
,
154

Mursili I,
13
,
35
,
178

Mursili II,
13
,
66
–
68
,
70
,
179

Musmus Pass,
29
.
See also
Nahal Iron
;
Wadi Ara

Muwattalli II,
13
,
80
,
82
,
84
,
179

Mycenae,
37
–
39
,
44
,
47
–
49
,
71
,
74
,
78
,
85
–
87
,
100
,
116
,
128
,
130
–
32
,
141
–
42
,
149
,
159
,
169

Mycenaean(s),
2
,
8
,
20
–
21
,
36
–
42
,
47
–
48
,
51
,
61
,
70
–
71
,
75
,
78
–
79
,
83
–
89
,
97
,
99
–
100
,
104
,
107
,
114
,
116
,
122
,
127
–
28
,
132
,
134
,
137
–
38
,
143
,
147
–
49
,
153
,
157
,
159
,
162
,
164
–
66
,
168
,
171
,
173

Mycenaean IIIC1b,
137

Mykenai,
38

Myth of Kumarbi
,
59

Nahal Iron,
29
.
See also
Musmus Pass
;
Wadi Ara

Naharin,
30

Naharina,
30

Nauplion,
44
,
47

Near East,
xv
,
5
–
6
,
9
,
11
,
13
,
15
,
18
–
21
,
26
,
28
,
30
,
32
,
35
,
39
–
40
,
42
,
44
,
47
,
50
–
51
,
55
,
59
–
61
,
74
–
75
,
77
,
84
,
87
–
89
,
91
,
96
–
97
,
101
,
118
,
155
,
158
,
162
,
164
,
166
,
171
,
173
,
175

Nefertiti,
27
,
62
,
69
,
77
,
78
,
179

Neo-Assyrians,
174
–
75

Neo-Babylonians,
175

Neo-Hittites,
34
,
175

Nesha,
34

Neshians,
34

Neshites,
34

network(s),
23
,
150
–
51
,
163
,
168
–
69
,
173
–
74

Neve, Peter,
34

New Kingdom,
8
–
9
,
17
–
18
,
23
,
25
,
35
,
42
,
44
,
137

Nichoria,
128

Nile,
43
,
92

Nile delta,
1
,
8
,
14
,
15
,
25
,
172

Nimrud,
78

Nineteenth Dynasty,
17
,
109

Niqmaddu II,
13
,
103
,
179

Niqmaddu III,
13
,
105
,
107
,
179

Niqmepa,
13
,
79
–
80
,
179

North Sinai,
92

North Syria,
108

Nubia,
8
,
23
,
57
,
77

Odoacer,
172

Odyssey
,
43
,
59

oil(s),
xvi
,
54
,
71
,
77
–
79
,
88
,
104
–
5
,
149
.
See also
olive oil

old-growth forest,
176

Old Kingdom,
15
,
35
,
161

olive oil,
71
,
79
,
88
,
104

Onomasticon of Amenemope,
157

Orchomenos,
128

Oriental Institute,
4
,
116

Ostragoths,
172

Ottomans,
175

Ozymandias,
91

Pa-ka-na-na,
12
,
17

Palace of Nestor,
139
,
173

Palistin.
See
Land of Palistin

Paris,
53
,
85
,
124

Passover,
90

Pausanias,
149

Peleset,
1
,
3
–
4
,
6
,
157

Pendlebury, John Devitt Stringfellow,
22

Pentapolis,
122

perfume(s),
22
,
54
,
75
,
78
,
149

Pernicka, Ernst,
86

Persian(s),
175

Peru-nefer,
14
,
17

Petrie, Sir William Matthew Flinders,
92

Philistine(s),
4
,
95
,
122
,
123
,
157
–
60
,
175

Phoenicia,
27
,
158

Phoenician(s),
89
,
96
,
103
–
4
,
175
–
76

Phokis,
128

Pithom,
90
,
92

Piyamaradu,
84

Plague Prayers
,
66
,
68
,
70

Poetic Stele,
28

Point Iria,
100

Poirot, Hercule,
xvii

Priam,
41
,
85
–
86

Prosymna,
128

Pulak, Cemal,
77

Punt,
23
,
27

Pyla-Kokkinokremos,
133
–
34

Pylos,
39
,
74
–
75
,
78
,
88
,
128
–
29
,
139
–
41
,
149
,
173

Pyrrhic victory,
9

Qadesh,
25
,
80
–
82

Qatna,
14
,
60
,
67
.
See also
Tell Mishrife

Qode,
2
,
3

Rameses (city),
90
,
92

Ramesseum,
80
,
82
,
91

Ramses II,
13
,
80
–
83
,
90
–
92
,
143
,
178
–
79

Ramses III,
1
,
4
,
8
–
9
,
13
,
65
,
109
,
112
–
13
,
116
–
18
,
120
–
22
,
125
,
127
,
133
,
136
–
37
,
154
,
158
,
172
,
179

Ramses VI,
64
,
116
,
118
,
158

Ramses XI,
137

Rapanu,
105
–
6
,
108
,
152
.
See also
House of Rapanu

Ras Bassit,
112
,
138

Ras Ibn Hani,
112
,
138
,
157

Ras Shamra,
102
.
See also
Ugarit

rebellion,
11
,
29
,
31
–
32
,
35
–
36
,
40
,
85
,
95
,
130
,
147
–
49
,
165
,
167
.
See also
Assuwa Rebellion
;
internal rebellion

Rekhmire,
23
,
25

Renfrew, Colin,
161

Report of Wenamun,
135
,
157

Retenu,
12
,
17

Rhodes,
25
,
48
,
71

Rockefeller, John D., Jr.,
5

Roman Empire,
xvi
,
xviii
,
172
,
174

Romans,
xvi
,
175

Rome,
162
,
172

Rutter, Jeremy,
128

Sandars, Nancy,
139
,
160
,
162

Santayana, George,
30

Santorini,
93

Sarajevo,
70

Sardinia,
1
,
4
,
8
,
142
,
159

Saushtatar,
13
,
31
,
61
,
179

Sayce, A. H.,
33

Schaeffer, Claude,
102
,
142

Schliemann, Heinrich,
21
,
37
–
38
,
85
–
86
,
131

Sea of Galilee,
147

Sea People(s),
1
–
4
,
6
–
11
,
86
,
95
,
97
,
99
,
105
,
112
–
14
,
118
–
27
,
129
,
132
–
33
,
135
–
36
,
138
–
39
,
142
,
144
,
149
–
50
,
152
–
60
,
162
,
170
–
72

Sed (festival),
23

Seeher, Jürgen,
34
,
126

Seknenre,
13
,
16
,
179