Authors: Giles MacDonogh
Čabrinovič, Nedeljko
Cadogan, Sir Alexander
Cailliau, Madame Alfred (
née
de Gaulle)
Calmon, Major
Canada: German POW camps in; tries German war criminals
Canaris, Admiral Wilhelm
cannibalism
Cannon, General John
Caprivi, Georg Leo, Graf von
CARE
see
Co-operative of American Remittances to Europe
Carinthia
Carpenter, Len
Carr, Edward Hallett
Carsten, F. L.
Casablanca Conference (1943)
Cassel
Celibidache, Sergiu censorship: in Soviet zone
Chaloner, Major (of Hanover Information Council)
Chapigneulles, Major
Charlemagne, Emperor: crown discovered
Cheetham, N. J. A.
Cherrière, General P. R. P.
chewing gum
children: conditions and life
Chotinsky, Fyodor
Christian Democratic Union (CDU): formed; leaders; and Berlin elections (1946); demands national representation; in West German elections (1949)
Christlich-Sozial Union (CSU)
Chuikov, Vassily
Churcher, Brigadier John Bryan
Churchill, Mary
Churchill, Rhona
Churchill, (Sir) Winston S.: on treatment of Germans; drafts Atlantic Charter; as premier (1940); hostility to Prussians; apprehensions over Soviet Russia; and Polish borders; promises to free Austria from Prussians; and Dönitz government; sends ‘iron curtain’ telegram to Truman; protests at British treatment of German leaders; approves expulsion of Germans in central Europe; Fulton speech (1946); and British entry into Vienna; Horthy writes to; Göring quotes; intercedes for Kesselring; hostility to Russians; pleads for French zone in Germany; at Yalta; at Potsdam Conference; concern for weakened British economy; loses premiership to Attlee; and granting of Königsberg to Russia; supports Byrnes; addresses United Europe Congress (May 1948) cigarettes: as currency cinema: in Soviet zone; in American zone; in Austria
Civil Affairs Division (CAD; US War Department)
Clare, George: finds Jewish survivors; with British in Berlin; on Neumann’s satire; attends theatre; meets Karl Arnold; shares rations with children; and denazification; on German-speaking colleagues; on Karajan; and Austrian Nazis; and Anglo-German fraternising; and German scientists
Clark, Clifford
Clark, General Mark: aggressiveness; on Soviet looting; on Figl; administration in Vienna; relations with Koniev; anti-Soviet stance; on Austrian food supply; popularity in Austria; and Austrian culture; on Moscow Conference (1947); and Austrian airlift; doubts over Allied achievements
Clarke, Eric
Clay, General Lucius: and arrest of Dönitz; and absence of Nazi underground movement; heads US mission in Berlin; relations with Russians; and expulsion of ethnic Germans from central Europe; authority; in Frankfurt-am-Main; attitude to Russians; on anti-frat order; background; policy on Germany; and retention of German industry; and appointment of German political leaders; denies Ruhr benefits to Russians; Schumacher negotiates with; on French depredations in Baden-Württemberg; differences with Koenig; on French demands for coal; prevents dismantling of German industrial sites; and French customs wall in Saar; praises RIAS; favours German self-government; and denazification process; and food shortages; attempts to stop use of cigarettes as currency; requests relief from USA; and German art treasures; denies looting charges against soldiers; apologises for US interrogation methods; on Russia’s German POWs; and German POWs in Poland; and Nuremberg trials; calls for execution of Malmédy murderers; and agreement on Berlin; meets Zhukov; supports Byrnes; antipathy to French; favours inter-zonal co-operation; and currency reform; and Soviet blockade in Berlin; on US military strength in Berlin; and Berlin airlift; concedes Soviet request for currency circulation; and founding of West German state; and Soviet-provoked rioting in Berlin; and Berliners’ anti-communist demonstrations; on proposed Soviet air force manoeuvres over Berlin; and founding of Free University in Berlin; counters Russian condemnation of Dresden bombing; honoured in Berlin; on future of Ruhr
Clemenceau, Michel
Clift, Montgomery
Cold War: Stalin disfavours; beginnings; develops
collective guilt
Cologne: destruction; Adenauer in; slowness in recovery
Cominform: established
Communist Party of Germany (KPD): refounded; and Berlin elections (1946); renamed SED
concentration camps: reused by Allies; Jews in; categories of inmates; liberated; killing methods; inmates ordered to be killed; in Austria; Czech; in Silesia; in Russian zone; German disbelief in; tours; trials of administrators;
see also
individual camps
Concordia Bureau
Conference of Foreign Ministers (CFM): Moscow (December 1946); decided at Potsdam; first meeting (London, 1945); London (January 1947); Moscow (March 1947); London (November 1947); London (February 1948); London (July 1948)
Coningham, Air Marshal Sir Arthur
Conrad, Josef
Control Commission Germany (CCG)
Control Council
see
Allied Control Council
Co-operative of American Remittances to Europe (CARE)
Cossacks: fight against Red Army; repatriated to Russia under Yalta Agreement
Council of Europe: formed
Council of Relief Agencies Licensed to Operate in Germany (CRALOG)
Couve de Murville, Maurice
Cranborne, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, Viscount (
later
5th Marquess of Salisbury)
crime: and black market; theft
Croats
Croy, Princess Agathe
Cullis, M. F.
Cultural Alliance
see
Kulturbund zur demokratischen Erneuerung Deutschlands
Curzon, George Nathaniel, Marquess
Cuxhaven
Czechoslovakia: territorial claims; settlement and minorities problem; formed (1919); Germans occupy (1939); Sudetenländers (German minority) in; communists take over (1948); liberated (1945); purge (1945); revenge and atrocities against Germans; rapes in; concentration camps; American zone; suicides; torture in; expulsion of Germans and minorities; People’s Courts; German POWs in; post-war government; under Soviet influence; effects of peace settlement on;
see also
Prague
Dachau concentration camp
Dahrendorf, Gustav
Dahrendorf, Ralf, Baron
Dalade, Colonel
Daladier, Edouard
Dalton, Hugh
Danzig (Gdansk)
Darré, Walter
‘death marches’
De Gasperi, Alcide
de Lancie, John
Deleuze, Major
Dempsey, General Sir Miles
denazification
Devers, General Jacob
Dibelius, Otto
Dick, Professor Walter
Dickens, A. G.
Diels, Rudolf
Dietrich, Landrat (of Ruppin)
Dietrich, Otto
Dietrich, General Sepp
Diewald (Austrian lawyer)
Dimitrov, Georgy displaced persons (DPs): in central Europe; looting and killing by; rapes by; in black market
Ditzen, Rudolf (Hans Fallada)
Ditzen, Suse
Dix, Otto
Dix, Rudolf
Dixon, Specialist Sergeant Shirley
Djilas, Milovan
Dmowski, Roman
Dobbek, Dr
Döblin, Alfred;
Berlin-Alexanderplatz
‘Doktora’ (of Königsberg)
Dollfuss, Engelbert
Dombrowski (Polish policeman)
domobranci
(Slovenian home guard)
Dönhoff, Marion, Gräfin
Dönitz, Admiral Karl
Donnedieu de Vabres, Henri
Donovan, William
Dortmund
Dos Passos, John: on US Military Government HQ in Frankfurt; on co-operation between Western zones; on Vienna; on
Fragebogen
and denazification; and US hatred of Germans; on DPs’ lawlessness; on Rhine Meadow camps; reports Nuremberg trials; interviews Clay
Douda (Czech police director)
Douglas, Marshal of the RAF Sir Sholto
Draht, Andreas
Drambusch (forester)
Draper, General William
Dratvin, General M. I.
Dresden
Dresden Gallery
Drobner, Bolesław
drugs
Dubensky, William
Dubois, Lieutenant Herbert
Duermayer, Heinz
Dunbaugh, Captain Frank M.
Dunn, Thomas
Duppau, Czechoslovakia
Düsseldorf
Dyck, Dr van
Dymshitz, Colonel Alexander
Dyszkant, Dr
East Germany
see
German Democratic Republic
East Prussia: Soviet offensive and destruction in; German population; religious faith; refugees from; starvation in; Stalin’s view on at Potsdam; Germans driven from; Russians appropriate part;
see also
Prussia
Ebensee, Austria
Eberle, Henrik and Matthias Uhl (eds):
Das Buch Hitler
(
The Hitler Book
)
Ebert, Friedrich
Eclipse, Operation
Eden, Anthony (
later
1st Earl of Avon): and transfer of Germans from East Prussia; disdain for Austria; recognises Austrian claim to independence; and Nuremberg trials; at Potsdam Conference; supports Italian claim to South Tyrol
Edler, Franz
Ehrenburg, Ilya
Eichmann, Adolf
Eigruber, August Gauleiter
Einsiedel, Horst von
Eisenerz Trial (1946)
Eisenhower, General Dwight D.: declares war ended; orders Dönitz’s arrest; visits concentration camp; in Frankfurt-am-Main; reputation; and anti-frat order; and US pillaging; and Göring’s capture; and agreement on Berlin; and territorial allocations at Potsdam; Truman visits in Frankfurt; threatens to scrap Control Council; federal officials quit under
Eisler, Hans
Emery, Major
Engelbert, Otto
Epenstein, Hermann von
Erdmannsdorff, Otto von
Erhard, Ludwig
Erhardt, John
Erlach, Albert von
Ermland
Erzgebirge, the
Esser, Hans
Esser, Heinz
Eulenburg, Siegfried
European Advisory Commission (EAC)
European Union (
earlier
Common Market)
Falkenburger, Paul
Falkenhausen, General Alexander von
Fallada, Hans
see
Ditzen, Rudolf
Fandrich (judge)
Farmer, Captain Walter
Faulhaber, Cardinal Michael
Fechner, Max
Fediunsky, General I. I.
Fegelein, Hermann
Fegelein, Waldemar
Fehrer, Franz
Feitenhansl, Karl
Felix, Leo (‘Felix Field’)
Feuchtwanger, Lion
Février, Jacques
Fichte, Paul
Fiedler, Ludwig
Field Security Service (FSS; British)
Fierlinger, Zdenek
Figl, Leopold
Filippov, Captain films
see
cinema
Final Solution;
see also
Jews
Fischer, Ernst;
The Rebirth of My Country
Fischhorn Castle, near Zell-am-See
Fitsch, Eduard
Fläschner, Hans
Flensburg
Flick Group
Flieder, Paul
Flory, General L. D. (Les)
Flossenbürg concentration camp
Foord, Brigadier E. J.
Forrestal, James
Forst, Willy
Forster, Albert
Foster, Norman, Baron
Fragebogen
France: revenge acts against Germany; goals for defeated Germany; seeks recognition as great power; claims to Rhine and Ruhr; demands for zone of occupation in Germany; employs German forced labour; granted sector in Berlin; and Austrian settlement; repossesses country after liberation; advance to Austria; forces in occupation of Rhineland; advance on Baden; undisciplined behaviour; arrival in Berlin; administration in Berlin; sympathy towards Germans; creates Rhineland-Palatinate; plans for Rhineland; favours united Europe; opposes German unity; atrocities against Germans; policy on Germany; jurisdiction over German territory; acquires Saar; demands coal from Germany; in Austria; removes Austrian industrial plant; administration in Vienna; Austrian view of; cultural activities in Vienna; on German guilt; and denazification; and German POWs; not invited to Potsdam; and Polish settlement; treaty with Soviet France -
continued
Russia (1945); friction with Soviet Russia; approves of German territorial concessions in east; rights to Saar; opposes Truman Doctrine; and Soviet claims to Ruhr; forms Trizonia with USA and Britain; non-participation in Berlin airlift; attitude to and relations with Adenauer; post-war arrests and trials; effect of peace settlement on
Frank, Benno
Frank, Hans
Frank, Karl-Hermann
Frankfurt-am-Main; Städel Gallery
Franz, Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein
Frederick II (the Great), King of Prussia: body moved and reinterred
Frederick Leopold, Prince of Prussia
Frederick William I, King of Prussia: body moved and reinterred
Free Austrian (World) Movement (FAM; FAWM)
Free Democratic Party (FDP)
Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ): formed
Freisler, Roland
Freiwaldau (Jeseník), Czechoslovakia
French zone (ZOF; Germany): refugees in; co-operation with British and American zones; numbers of French in; exports to France; industrial plant transferred to France; treatment of Germans in; German youth admiration for French; culture in; food shortages in; supposed market for babies; black market in; and Berlin airlift
Freud, Anton
Freudenstadt
Freudenthal, Czechoslovakia
Freund, Hans
Frey, Hans
Freyberg, General Sir Bernard
Freytag, Gustav Frick, Wilhelm
Friede, Dieter Friedeburg, Admiral Hans von
Friedrich, Ruth Andreas: in Brandenburg; welcomes end of Reich; on life in occupied Berlin; sees Americans in Steglitz; and denazification and
Fragebogen
; and disposal of dead; at killing of Borchard; on influx of Königsberger; and death of Bersarin; and cultural events; on German GI brides; on French influence on German youth; on theft of wood from grave; and Russian occupation of Chancellery; on returning German POWs; on Nuremberg trials; and Truman’s visit to Berlin; welcomes Potsdam Agreement; in severe winter (1946-7); on resurgence of Nazism in Hamburg; on Berlin blockade; and Berlin airlift; flees to West;
Schauplatz Berlin