American Jezebel (37 page)

Authors: Eve LaPlante

Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher.
The Age of Homespun: Objects and Stories in the Creation of an American Myth
. New York: Knopf, 2001.

———.
Good Wives: Image and Reality in the Lives of Women in Northern New England, 1650–1750
. New York: Random House, 1991.

———.
A Midwife’s Tale: The Life of Martha Ballard, Based on Her Diary, 1785–1812
. New York: Random House, 1990.

Waller, George M., ed.
Puritanism in Early America
. Boston: D. C. Heath, 1950.

Wedgwood, C. V.
A Coffin for King Charles: The Trial and Execution of Charles I
. New York: Macmillan, 1964.

Weis, Frederick L.
Colonial Clergy of New England
. Lancaster, MA: Descendants of the Colonial Clergy, 1936.

Wheeler, William B., and Susan D. Becker.
Discovering the American Past: A Look at the Evidence.
Vol. I,
To 1877
. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1986.

Whitehill, Walter Muir, and Lawrence W. Kennedy.
Boston: A Topographical History
. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 2000.

Williams, Selma R.
Divine Rebel: The Life of Anne Marbury Hutchinson
. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1981.

Winship, Michael P.
Making Heretics: Militant Protestantism and Free Grace in Massachusetts, 1636–1641
. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002.

Winthrop, John.
The Journal of John Winthrop, 1630–1649
. Edited by Richard S. Dunn, James Savage, and Laetitia Yeandle. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996.

Wood, William.
New England’s Prospect
. 1634. Edited by Alden T. Vaughn. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1989.

Woodley, Roger.
Blue Guide London
. London: A & C Black, 2002.

Wrightson, Keith.
English Society 1580–1680
. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1992.

Ziff, Larzer.
The Career of John Cotton: Puritanism and the American Experience
. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1962.

———, ed.
John Cotton on the Churches of New England
. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1968.

Zinn, Howard.
A People’s History of the United States
. New York: Harper & Row, 1980.

SEARCHABLE TERMS

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Page numbers of illustrations appear in italics.

Abigail,
103

Abraham, 51

Acts of the Apostles 18:26, 40

Adam, 51

Adams, Abigail, xvi

Adams, Charles Francis, 172–73, 182

Adams, John, 262

Adams, John Quincy, 262

Adams, Samuel, 241

Adamson, Jack, 87

Ailby, England, 144

Albany, New York, 232

Alcott, Louisa May, xx

Alford, Lincolnshire, England, 27, 28, 268–70; Anne Hutchinson Day, 270; Anne Marbury Hutchinson in, xix, 15, 27, 68, 85–87, 144–52; bubonic plague, 1630, xix, 15, 149–50; Francis Marbury in, 27, 29–33; Free Grammar School, 30; manor house, 144, 270; name origins, 27; plague stone, xix, 150; St. Wilfrid’s Church, 29, 30, 140, 144, 149, 150, 269; William Hutchinson and family in, 140–41

America: Bible, first, arrival in, 42; books in early, 42; first book published in, 200; freedom of conscience and religion, Rhode Island settlement and, 166, 235; Hutchinson and ideals of freedom and equality, xvi, 192, 196–97; moral certitude of, xvi–xvii; as New Israel, New Jerusalem, or New Canaan, 42, 63, 105, 121; “oppositional quality,” 197; seventeenth century, living museums, 259–60; transatlantic crossing, conditions, 63–64; women in public office and positions of power, 243

Ames, William, 62

Anabaptists, 125, 225–26, 252–53

Anglican Church (Church of England), 4; Book of Common Prayer, 31, 144; Catholic leanings under Charles I, 94–95; censuring of Wheelwright, 11; church membership, automatic, 91; Court of High Commission, 22, 23, 89, 204; creation of, 7, 20; Francis Marbury’s challenges to, 19–34; Holy Communion, innovations post-Reformation, 30; John Cotton investigated, 89;
Mass, 21; nonconformity, 83–94; ornamentation of churches, 20–21, 84, 92, 93; pulpits added to churches, 29–30; Puritan disputes with, 20–21; Separatism and, 6, 95, 96, 114, 212; Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion, 129, 188, 198

Antichrist, 10, 21, 115, 117

Antinomian Controversy, The
(Hall), 119

Antinomianism, xx, 56, 66, 105, 119, 132, 133, 159, 216, 224, 247

Arbella,
7, 71, 96, 154

Arminianism, 5, 90–91

Arnold, Samuel, 165–66

Askew, Anne, 33

Aspinwall, William, 8, 111, 132, 164, 250

astrology, 54–55, 122

Austen, Jane, xv

Aylmer, John, 23–25, 33

Baillie, Robert, 247

Bailyn, Bernard, 241

Baptists, 225, 240

Bartholomew, William, 122–23

Baulston, William, 8, 132, 165, 215

Bay Psalm Book
(Mather), 200

Bellingham, Richard, 134

Bible: as basis of colonial law, 16, 18; first English translation, 19; Geneva, 40, 41–42; King James Version, 42; Latin Vulgate, 30; as reading text for children, 19–20, 43; study by women, 44; William Tyndale and vernacular version, 42

Bilsby, England, 148, 151

Blackstone, William, 72, 158, 164

Block Island, 77

Bloody Tenet of Persecution, The
(Williams), 212

Blount, Sir Thomas, of Grisby, 20

Book of Martyrs
(Foxe), 19–20, 33

Boorstin, Daniel, 138

Boston, Lincolnshire, England, 50, 72, 80, 83–84, 86, 269; malaria in, 96; nonconformity in, 83–94; St. Botolph’s Church (“Boston Stump”), 83, 85, 86, 91–93, 96, 97, 147, 269.
See also
Cotton, John

Boston, Massachusetts,
14, 73,
154, 258–59; Anne Hutchinson’s death, impact of, 243–44; Anne Hutchinson’s second trial in, 168–94; Big Dig, 148–49, 249, 259; burying ground, first, 251–52, 260; Charlestown ferry, 13, 15; Cotton home, 193, 259; First Church of, 8, 9, 10, 65, 98–99, 106–7, 108, 153, 156, 170–93, 211, 216–17, 251, 259; first settlers, 74, 156; founding of, 72,
73,
74; Great Fire of, 257; Hutchinson home, 2, 133, 139, 140, 166, 226, 257–58; Hutchinsons’ journey to Cambridge courthouse from, 13, 15; King’s Chapel, 251, 260; Latin School, 133; meetinghouse, 168 (
See also
First Church of,
above
); middle-class, 6; naming of, 72; population, 154; School Street, 133, 154, 257; Shawmut peninsula, 13, 72, 74, 131, 158, 168; “Shawmut Peninsula Walk,” 258; spring tide and “ditty” about, 168; Trimountaine (Pemberton Hill,
Mount Vernon, Beacon Hill), 72, 88, 168, 259; unanimity rule, 106–9, 177; Washington Street, 154, 257, 259; wealthiest man, 127; Winthrop home, 2, 133, 139, 170, 259

Bouvier, Elizabeth, 17

Bradford, William, 77

Bradstreet, Anne Dudley, 49, 96, 114–15, 116, 163, 224, 252

Bradstreet, Simon, 3, 48–49, 50, 74, 96, 116, 252, 255–56

Bremer, Francis, 129, 130

Bronck, Jonas, 231

Brown, David C., 171

Brown, Marley, 263

Bulkeley, Peter, 106, 179, 243–44

Bull, Henry, 165

Bush, George H. W., 243

Bush, George W., 243

Calvin, John, and Calvinism, 20, 52, 66, 211; basic tenet of salvation, 54; doctrine of the elect, 51, 90, 99, 100; God’s omnipotence and humanity’s depravity, 224

Cambridge (Newtown), Massachusetts; choice of as Hutchinson trial location, 68, 74–75; courtroom in, xviii, 1; first homes, 74; founding of, 72, 74; Harvard founded, 133; Hutchinsons’ journey to, from Boston, 13, 15, 68; Hutchinsons’ overnight stay, 67–69; Hutchinson’s trial in, xviii, 1–18, 39–49, 50–69, 75–81, 111–13, 259; naming of, 133; Thomas Hooker as preacher in, 98

Cambridge University, England, 20, 62, 65, 82, 84, 148

Campbell, Helen, 163, 224

Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Pilgrims landing at, xx; Race Point Beach, xx; Red Inn, Provincetown, xx

Casaubon, Isaac, 86

Catesby, Robert, 37

Chaderton, Lawrence, 62

Charles I, King of England, 4, 9, 10; abrogation of Parliament (1629), 5; beheading, 220, 250, 254; Catholic sympathies, 94–95; colonial charter for Massachusetts, 5, 6, 17, 71, 104, 153, 162, 220; legal power of, 17; recalling Parliament, 220

Charles II, King of England, 249, 255; voiding of Massachusetts charter, 255

Charles River, 71, 72, 131; Larz Anderson Bridge, 72

Charlestown, Massachusetts, 71–72, 131

2 Chronicles 2:3, 165

Clarke, John, 164, 213, 217–18, 222, 234–35

clergy: biblical seal and, 48, 67, 112, 127; challenges to authority of, 125; education of, 134–35; as intervening means of grace between humans and God, revelation “owned” by, 53, 117–26; “legalists,” 52; prophecy seen as limited to, 55; purging of Puritan, by James I, 34; role of, 25, 53, 54; training of, 20–21; vestments, 20, 21, 83–84; visions and prayer to affect events, 55–56.
See also
Hutchinson, Anne, trials;
specific individuals

Clinton, Hillary Rodham, 243

Coddington, Nathaniel, 241

Coddington, Susanna Hutchinson (granddaughter), 241

Coddington, William, 8, 127, 128, 157, 163, 164, 213, 222–23, 234, 241

Coggeshall, John, 8, 78–79, 111, 132, 154, 157, 164, 213, 221

Colburn, William, 8, 79, 127, 128

Cole, Eunice, 240

Cole, John, 239

Cole, Susan Hutchinson (daughter), 15, 68, 146, 146n., 152, 159, 209, 230, 231, 238–39

Collins, Anne Hutchinson (daughter), 15, 146, 159, 209, 226, 230, 231, 237

Collins, William (son-in-law), 226–28, 230, 231, 237

Collinson, Patrick, 43

Colossians: 1:29, 66; 3:10, 196

Congregationalism, 91, 98–99, 133, 247; disciplinary system, 171

Connecticut: Pequot War, 6, 110; Saybrook, 110

“conventicles,” 45, 87

Cope, Sir Anthony, 31

1 Corinthians: 4:3, 178; 4:16, 178; 5:12, 178; 6, 175; 11:8, 64; 14:34–35, 40; 15, 172, 182; 15:37–44, 178, 179; 16:22, 203

2 Corinthians 3:6, 60

Cotton, Dorothy Bradstreet, 252

Cotton, Elizabeth Horrocks, 84, 96–97

Cotton, John: Anne Hutchinson and, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 42, 50, 54, 56–57, 59, 61, 62, 65–66, 67, 68, 76, 79, 80, 81, 87–89, 100–113, 123–24, 128, 147, 153, 162; Anne Hutchinson censure as anathema
maranatha,
203; Anne Hutchinson excommunication trial, 174–207; Anne Hutchinson house arrest with, 169, 193; Anne Hutchinson miscarriage seen as symbolic of her misdeeds, 217, 218; Anne Hutchinson trial testimony, 111–13, 128; apocalyptic beliefs, 90, 190; appearance, 81; birth and early years, 82; in Boston, Lincolnshire, 72, 84–95, 96–97, 269; in Boston, Massachusetts, 98–111, 162, 174–94 (
see also
Anne Hutchinson and,
above
); brilliance at conciliation, 89–90; character and personality, 87–88, 89; charisma and conversions, 99–100; children, 97, 101, 193; code of colonial law and, 189; “conference in private” and schism in Massachusetts, 106; Congregationalism, 91, 98–99; conversion to Puritanism, 82–83; Court of High Commission hearing, hiding, and flight to America, 89, 95, 97, 118, 151; death, 250–51; death of first wife, 97; doctrinal battles with Roger Williams, 212; education and Cambridge affiliation, 82–83, 84; Fast Day sermon (1637), 108; first sermon in America, 98; grave, 259; Harvard College and, 134; home of, 193, 259; incident of stillborn child, 88–89; land grants to, 228; marriages, 84, 97; Massachusetts Bay Company and, 96–97; as model for Hawthorne’s Dimmesdale, 137–38; Native Americans, view of, 158; New Haven, Connecti
cut, move considered, 162; poem, “A Thankful Acknowledgment,” 251; poem, “To This Wilderness,” 98; preaching and celebrity, 84–85, 93, 95, 99–100, 153; reconciliation with Winthrop
et al,
128; refusal to kneel, 93–94; rejection of tolerance and democracy, 89; restriction of church membership to “saints” (the elect, lilies vs. thorns), 91–93, 98–99, 128; salary and income, 84; on salvation, 59–60; self-serving, self-preservation of, 128, 137–38, 190–91, 202; sixteen points given to, 107–8; study and scholarly pursuits, 84, 88; syllogism, 94; theology of, 86–87, 99, 100, 106, 107–8, 109, 160; threat to the state of his theology, 100, 106; “unmitred pope of a pope-hating commonwealth,” 82; on women, 92, 186

Cotton, John, Jr., 251

Cotton, Rowland, 82

Cotton, Sarah, 101, 193

Cotton, Sarah Hawkridge Story, 97, 98, 101, 193

Cotton, Seaborn, 97, 193, 252

Crease, Thomas, 257–58

Cromwell, Oliver, 148, 247, 249, 250, 254–55

Cumberland, Rhode Island, 164

Curtis, Edith, 138, 247

Daniel (in the lion’s den), 68–69, 120

Davenport, John, 162, 178, 179, 180, 181, 203, 251, 259

Dee, John, 122

Deetz, James, 263

Defense,
97

Devil, 122, 125–26, 161, 186; deformed children and miscarriages as link with intellectual women and, 218–19; Hutchinson as “dangerous instrument of,” 201, 204, 218, 244; midwifery and, 169, 206

Dinely, William, 132

Donne, John, 83

Dorchester, Massachusetts, 72; Massachusetts Archives and Commonwealth Museum, 261–62

Dryden, Erasmus, 31

Dryden, John, 31

Dryden, John (poet), 31, 151

Dudding, Reginald, 27

Dudley, Dorothy, 50

Dudley, Mary Winthrop, 68

Dudley, Samuel, 68

Dudley, Thomas, 3, 6, 50–51, 56, 57–59, 60, 63, 66, 68, 71, 78, 79, 103–4, 112, 118, 121, 123, 125, 198, 225, 250; Cambridge founding and, 72, 74; death, 252; Harvard College and, 134; land grants to, 163; Massachusetts Bay Company and, 96; poem, 252

Dukakis, Michael, 256

Dutch colonialists, 6, 232–33

Dutch West India Company, 232

Dyer, Mary, 63, 157, 165, 185, 205–6, 207, 253, 259; execution of, 253–54; monument to, 260; stillborn child, 88–89, 168, 205–7, 209, 218–19, 241, 246

Dyer, Samuel, 241

Dyer, William, 8, 88, 89, 132, 157, 165, 168, 209, 254, 259

Dyer, William, Jr., 253

Eaton, Theophilus, 162

Ecclesiastes 12:7, 175

education: Bible and, 19–20, 43; books available to children, 19–20; Boston Latin School, 133; classical curriculum, 30; free schools, England, 30; Harvard University, 133–35; Puritan males, preference for Cambridge University, 20, 82; women excluded from, 30, 31–32

Eliot, John, 61, 78, 79, 127, 160, 172, 180, 191, 197–98, 202

Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 22, 26, 30, 31–32, 33, 36, 37, 54, 122, 129, 149

Ely, England, 198–99

Emerson, Everett, 138

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 197

Endicott, John, 3, 7, 77–78, 79, 103, 123, 252, 253, 264

“Endicott and the Red Cross” (Hawthorne), 77

England: Act of Uniformity (1559), 85; astrology in, 54–55, 122; Baptist Church founded, 225; bathing, 149; Candlemas and calendar, 164; Catholics, persecution of, 82; Cromwell and, 220, 249, 250; earthquake (1601), 55; “great migration” from, 220; law, 22; laws for midwives, 169; nonconformity, 83–94; Reformation in, 20, 82; Restoration of Charles II, 249, 255; Southeastern,
28;
Spanish Armada, 27, 82; witchcraft statutes, 122–23.
See also
Anglican Church; London; Puritans

Ephesians: 1:13, 48; 2:8–9, 52

Erasmus, Desiderius, 31

Exeter, New Hampshire, 12, 208, 209, 248

Exodus 24:3, 4, 7, 165

Family of Love or Familism, 125, 169, 179, 188, 198–99, 206

Fast Days, 10–11, 56, 99, 108, 169

Fawkes, Guy, 37

Fiennes, Theophilus Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, 95, 97

Finch, Katherine, 216

Folland, Harold, 87

Founding of Harvard College, The
(Morison), 134

Foxe, John, 19–20, 33, 54