Authors: Eve LaPlante
Germany, Anabaptists in, 125, 225
Gibbons, Edward, 183, 221, 222
God: covenant with humanity, 51; everyday life controlled by, 55; God’s omnipotence vs. humanity’s depravity, 224; salvation in hands of, 60; as supernatural force in the world, 55.
See also
grace; salvation
Gomes, Peter J., xxi, 133–34
Gookin, Dorothy Cotton, 252
Gookin, Hannah Savage (granddaughter), 235–36, 240
Gookin, Nathaniel (elder), 240
Gookin, Nathaniel (younger), 252
Gorton, Samuel, 223
Gortonists, 225
grace, xxi, 5, 25, 43–44, 47, 51, 60, 66, 86, 99, 106; “absolute grace,” 86–87; “free,” 125.
See also
salvation
Greensmith, Steven, 109
Gridley, Richard, 132
Griffin,
55, 63–65, 97, 123, 153, 200
Hall, David, 54, 55, 56, 105, 119, 122, 125, 131, 138, 156, 182–83, 200–201, 224, 225, 246
Hammond, Phillipa, 216
Hand, Learned, 137
Harlackenden, Roger, 79, 121, 134
Harvard, John, xxi, 133
Harvard College, xxi, 133–35; first board of trustees, 134; Nathaniel Gookin, president, 240
Hawkins, Jane, 88, 89, 168–69, 206
Hawkins, Richard, 169
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, xvii–xviii, 5, 77, 130, 137–38, 140, 156, 197, 219, 234, 238
Haynes, John, 6, 103
Hebrews 4, 175
Henrietta Maria, of Austria, 94–95
Henry VIII, King of England, 7, 20, 21, 42, 122
heresy, 26, 117–26
History of Alford and Rigsby,
84
History of the Colony and Province of
Massachusetts-Bay
(Hutchinson), 242, 262
Hogg, Joan, 216
Holden, Randall, 165, 166
Holder, Christopher, 252
Holland: Familism in, 125; Puritans in, 27, 95, 102, 162; Scrooby Pilgrims in, 229; Separatists in, 136
Hooker, Thomas, 97, 98, 106, 109, 118, 179
Hopkins, Anne, 41
Hosea 4:6, 23, 26
Howard, Jean, 268
Howe, Susan, 191
Huddleston, Hugh, 26
Hus, John, 54
Hutchinson, Abigail Vermaies Button, 240
Hutchinson, Anne: appearance, 1, 7
background and family:
birth in Alford, 27, 31, 32, 268; education, 19, 31–32, 33, 142–43; father (Francis Marbury), xix, 19–38, 142–43, 191, 192, 204; siblings, 32, 143, 152, 250;
character and personality:
as “American Jezebel,” xvii, 244–48; aspirations cast on by detractors, 219–20; chair used by, 2, 47; consistency of character, 137; courage and lack of fear, 63, 68, 157–58; detractor’s views of, xvii, 3, 10, 47, 61–67, 128, 242; eroticizing of her relationships with men by biographers, 219–20; as free thinker, 6; as iconoclast, xx; as leader and “out of [a woman’s] place,” 2, 134, 183; “a masterpiece of women’s wit,” 47; moral certitude of, xvi–xvii, xx; Nathaniel Hawthorne’s characterization, xvii–xviii, 219; as rebel, xvii,
192; wit, extroversion, and zealotry, 87–88, 173;
England, life in:
in Alford, Lincolnshire, xix, 15, 27, 68, 85–87, 144–52, 269–70; conventicles held by, 87, 145; John Cotton, early relationship, 85–87, 92, 147; in London, xix, 34–38, 141–43, 267–68; plague and, xix, 15, 149–50; revelation to go to America, 152; vision of trial in dream, 68–69, 152;
historical importance:
in American history, xv–xvi; as American visionary, xvi; as founding mother of America, xxi; as great American woman, 243; Harvard University and, xxi, 133–35; issues of freedom and equality raised by, xvi, 192, 196–97, 235; museum displays and monuments, 259–60; pardon in 1987 by Michael Dukakis, 256; polarization of opinions about, xvii; power of, in her own right, xvi, xix, 2–3, 11, 46, 192–93, 242; record in trial transcripts of a woman’s life and thoughts, 114–26, 138; role in America’s self-image, xix; statue, Massachusetts State House, xv–xvi, xvii, 260;
marriage, home life, and children:
Alford residences, xix, 85, 144–45; Boston home, 2,
73,
131, 139, 140, 154–55, 168, 226, 257–58; children, deceased, 15, 139, 150, 151; children, education of, 145; children, living, 1, 13, 15–16, 68, 146, 146n., 147, 149, 152, 153, 159, 231–32, 237, 238–39; daily routine, 13, 139, 169; fertility, 147; garden and herbs of, 155; husband, William, 1, 10, 13, 15, 46, 139–58, 163–67, 168, 212–13, 215, 220, 222, 223–24, 228–29, 262; live-in relatives, Alford and Boston, 68, 145, 153, 159; miscarriage (hydatidiform mole) as “abnormal birth,” 217–19, 246; pregnancy, sixteenth, 13, 15, 16, 39, 160, 213, 217; Rigsby excursions, 147, 270; servants, 68, 145, 154, 159; wealth and social status, 1, 46, 144–45, 154–55, 156, 157; wedding, 85, 143–44;
in Massachusetts Bay Colony:
alien exclusion law passed against family of, 8, 110; Atlantic crossing aboard the
Griffin,
3, 55, 63–65, 123, 153, 200; Boston of her time, 257–59; detractors, xvii, 1, 7, 10, 61–67, 75–81, 128–29, 136–37, 174–203 (
see also
Dudley, Thomas; Peter, Hugh; Shepard, Thomas; Symmes, Zechariah; Wilson, John; Winthrop, John); incident of stillborn child, 88–89, 168, 205–7, 241, 246; influence of Hutchinson in, 62–63; John Cotton and, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 42, 50, 54, 56–57, 59, 61, 62, 65–66, 67, 68, 76, 79, 80, 81, 87–89, 100–113, 123–24, 128, 153, 162), 174–203; meetings at her house (conventicles), 2, 44, 47–49, 107, 110, 145, 169; as midwife, herbalist, and nurse, 1, 39, 41, 44, 46, 87, 88–89, 143, 145; opposition to war against
Native Americans, 6, 7, 63, 110, 157–58, 233; proselytizing by, 48, 87; religious instruction and counseling given by, 44, 45, 65, 87–89, 100; start of crisis around her activities, 8–9, 10; supporters (“potent party”), 7, 8, 10, 50–51, 52, 56–57, 62, 79–81, 101, 105, 109, 110–11, 127, 131, 132, 157, 168, 183, 203, 205; supporters plan move to Rhode Island, 163; supporters removed from power, 132–33; as threat to the state, 1, 7, 50–51, 54, 128, 131–32, 192; walks out of Wilson’s sermons, 62, 63; Winthrop and, 1–3, 7–10, 16–18, 23, 39–41, 48–49, 52–54, 60–61, 62, 67–68, 106, 111–13, 115–26, 129–30, 136–37, 161, 175, 177, 179, 188, 202, 215–16, 244–48 (
see also
trials,
below
);
in New York (New Amsterdam):
Indian raid and murder of Anne and family, 236–37; move to, xx, 229–30, 231–32; North Bronx farmstead and daily life, xix, 233–36, 264–65,
266
;
religion and philosophy:
biblical study and knowledge, 41–42, 115; Calvinism of, 192, 211, 224; Christ-centered view of the world, 53; conversion, 101; Cotton’s theology and, 86–87, 92, 100–113, 128, 160; covenant of grace (vs. covenant of works), 51–60, 64, 76–77, 105–6, 109, 112, 127–28; education in, 142–43; excommunication, 135, 171–203, 208; First Church of Boston membership, 1, 9, 10, 65, 135, 157; heresies or “errors” ascribed to, 3, 172–91, 194–207, 246; heresy of knowing she was among God’s elect and ability to detect it in others (Antinomianism), xxi, 45–46, 48, 53, 55, 56, 105, 118, 119, 121, 128, 132, 157, 247–48; as instrument of the Holy Spirit, 59; Puritan background, 101; Quaker themes anticipated by, 225; revelation and prophecy, 47, 53–55, 64–65, 68–69, 117–26, 152, 173, 181, 196; on salvation, xxi; seal of the spirit and clergy, 48, 67, 112, 127; view of Winthrop’s Bible commonwealth, 211–12;
Rhode Island:
calls Church of Boston “Whore and Strumpet of Boston,” 221; fear of Massachusetts takeover, 223, 224, 228; founding of, xvi, 164–67; Hutchinson house and archeological dig at site, 213,
214,
215; journey to, on foot, 208–10; life in, xix, 212–29; meetings and preaching in, 222, 224; Native Americans and, 233; supporters follow her to, 185, 216; Winthrop’s men harass her, 220–22, 229;
trials:
alliance with Satan and, 122, 125–26, 161; banishment, xvi, 119, 129, 130, 157, 169, 194, 208–9; Bradstreet and, 48–49; charges against, 12–13, 16, 57, 68, 75, 76, 113, 128, 129; “community of women” and charges, 179, 188; Cotton censure as anathema
maranatha,
203; Cotton at excommunication (second trial), 174–203; Cotton repudiation of, 128, 162, 187–88;
Cotton testimonies at first trial, 111–13, 128; defense strategies, 12, 13, 16, 39, 40, 48–49, 56–60, 66–67, 75–81, 116, 119, 160; Devil, as instrument of, 122, 125–26, 186, 201, 204, 218–19, 244; “errors” of theology, 160, 172–91, 246; fainting at, 18, 39; First Boston Church excommunication (second trial, March 1638), xvi, 135, 160, 168–207, 208; as first female defendant in New World, 12; gender and power as a woman at base of persecution, 181–82, 186, 191–92; heresy charged, xvi, 118, 121, 128; house arrest at John Cotton’s, 169, 193; house arrest in Roxbury, 128, 135, 136, 157–58, 159–61, 168, 261; John Wilson as chief persecutor, 62 (
see also
Wilson, John); journey from Boston to Cambridge court, on foot, 13, 15; letter to General Court (1639), 226; main reasons for trial, 172, 181–82, 186, 191–92; missionary visits during house arrest, 135, 136, 159–60, 161, 174; mission on Anne Hutchinson’s behalf (1641), 226–28; ministers testify against, 60–67, 76, 127–28; opening day, 1–18, 39–49, 50–69; overnight break, 67–68; recanting by, 194, 195–201, 202; resumption second day, oath controversy, witnesses against, 75–81; sentencing, 130–31, 135; teaching by Anne Hutchinson at trial and motivation, 113–26; transcripts, 67, 68, 117, 169, 184, 262; vision of trial, 68–69; witchcraft, charges of and, 122–23, 219; witnesses for, 79–81
Hutchinson, Anne (daughter).
See
Collins, Anne Hutchinson, (daughter)
Hutchinson, Anne (granddaughter), 240–41
Hutchinson, Bridget (daughter).
See
Sanford, Bridget Hutchinson
Hutchinson, Edward (brother-in-law), 15, 67, 104, 132, 152, 164–65, 215, 216
Hutchinson, Edward (son), 15, 146, 159, 164, 166, 169–70, 181, 185, 208, 209, 215, 226, 228, 232, 233, 239, 240–41, 257
Hutchinson, Elisha (grandson), 228
Hutchinson, Elishua (grandson), 15, 160
Hutchinson, Elizabeth (daughter), 15, 146
Hutchinson, Elizabeth (granddaughter), 228
Hutchinson, Faith (daughter).
See
Savage, Faith
Hutchinson Hutchinson, Francis (son), 15, 146, 157, 209, 231; calls Church of Boston “Whore and Strumpet of Boston,” 227; death of, 237; mission on mother’s behalf (1641), 226–28; move to New Amsterdam with mother, 230
Hutchinson, Katherine (daughter), 15, 68, 139, 146, 159, 209, 231, 237
Hutchinson, Katherine Hamby (daughter-in-law), 209, 228, 233, 240
Hutchinson, Mary (daughter), 15, 68, 139, 146, 209, 237
Hutchinson, Richard (brother-in-law), 226, 257
Hutchinson, Richard (son), 15, 146, 157, 159, 209, 232, 239
Hutchinson, Samuel (brother-in-law), 110
Hutchinson, Samuel (son), 15, 139, 146, 159, 209, 215, 232, 239
Hutchinson, Sarah (sister-in-law), 152
Hutchinson, Susan (daughter).
See
Cole, Susan
Hutchinson Hutchinson, Thomas, Governor of Massachusetts (great-great grandson), vii, 241–42, 259
Hutchinson, William (husband), 1, 10, 13, 15, 46, 65, 85, 139–58; Anne Marbury, love for, 141–44, 212–13, 220, 222; birth and early years, Alford, Lincolnshire, 140; Boston home built, 154–55; Calvinism of, 224; character and personality, 140; church membership, 157; death, 228–29; family’s emigration to America, 152; land acquired in Massachusetts (Wollaston farm), 154, 155, 156, 262; marriage and residence in Alford, 144–52; parents and grandparents, 140, 151, 152, 208; Rhode Island governor and asst. governor, 223–24; Rhode Island move, home, and land, 163–67, 168, 212–13, 215; siblings, 140, 152; social status and wealth, 144–45, 154–55, 156, 157; textile business, 140, 144, 152
Hutchinson, William (son), 15, 68, 139, 146, 146n., 151, 159, 209, 230, 231, 237
Hutchinson, Zuriel (son), 13, 15–16, 68, 159, 209, 230, 231, 237
Hutchinson River Parkway, xv, 239, 264, 265
Isaiah: 11:2, 196; 30:20, 152; 53, 200
James, Henry, 156
James I, King of England, 29, 34, 36, 37, 122, 169
James II, King of England, 256
Jamestown, Virginia, 30
Jennison, William, 128
Jeremiah 46:27–28, 119
Jezebel, 245–46
1 John: 4:3, 115; 12, 178
Johnson, Arbella Clinton Fiennes, 96, 154
Johnson, Eastman, xx
Johnson, Edward, 47, 222, 233
Johnson, Isaac, 154
Keayne, Robert, 221–22
Keayne, Sarah, 216
Kieft, Willem, 232–33, 236
King Philip’s War, 240
1 Kings 16:33, 245
2 Kings: 9, 246; 11:17, 165
Knight, Janice, 128, 132
Koelher, Lyle, 191–92
Lang, Amy Schrager, xix, 192, 243
LaPlante, Eve: as descendant of Anne Hutchinson, xv, xix, xx–xxi, 240; first awareness of Anne Hutchinson, xix–xx; visits to sites of Anne Hutchinson’s life, xix, 257–70,
266
Lash, Joseph, 243
Laud, William, Bishop of London and Archbishop of Canterbury, 4–5, 10, 61, 65, 94, 102, 152, 220, 249
law in colonial New England, 3, 17; amputation of ear for blasphemy, 253; banishment of Christian sect members, 252–52; biblical basis, 16, 18, 42, 130; Christian sects outlawed, 225; church disciplinary system, 171; codification, 129–30; colonial ministers, banned from public office, 3; Cotton and first code of colonial law, 189; defendants, no right to counsel, legal assistance, or advice, 13; disarming, as punishment, 132, 161; English common law and, 129, 130; execution for blasphemy, 253–54; Great and General Court of Massachusetts, 3, 10, 11, 17, 39, 63, 74–75, 77, 104, 161, 162–63; Hutchinson supporters punished, 109, 110–11, 132, 161, 216, 227–28; illegality of midwife burying a dead newborn, 88; judges, 3, 4, 10, 39, 43; lack of procedure and due process, 136–37; monarchy’s power, 17; separation or merging of church and state, 16, 105; sexual expression and sexual crimes, 188–89, 228; sumptuary code, 103; unanimity rule, 106–9, 177; on witchcraft, 122; Winthrop’s opposition to fixed code, 129–30; witnesses, 13
Lenthall, Robert, 216
Leverett, Thomas, 67, 79, 80, 171, 172, 177, 184, 195–96, 197
Lincoln, England, 140
Living History
(Clinton), 243