America's Secret Jihad: The Hidden History of Religious Terrorism in the United States (64 page)

  
1
.
    
Associated Press, “Two Brothers Are Indicted in Three Synagogue Fires,”
Victoria Advocate,
March 18, 2000,
https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=861&dat=20000318&id=y71HAAAAIBAJ&sjid=W4AMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3491,3908199&hl=en
.

  
2
.
    
Associated Press, “Brothers May Be Looking at Death Penalty,”
Lodi News-Sentinel
, November 24, 1999,
https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=19991124&id=Wuk0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=MSEGAAAAIBAJ&pg=6809,3036356&hl=en
.

  
3
.
    
Jeff Elliott, “Benjamin ‘August' Smith: Poised to Kill,”
Albion Monitor,
July 26, 1999,
http://www.albionmonitor.com/9907a/wcotc.html
.

  
4
.
    
Associated Press, “Nightmare Scene Now All Too Familiar,”
Hour,
August 11, 1999,
https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1916&dat=19990811&id=tB9JAAAAIBAJ&sjid=SgYNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1416,1332495&hl=en
.

  
5
.
    
Associated Press, “Neo-Nazi Surrenders, Confesses to Jewish Center Shootings,”
Gettysburg Times,
August 12, 1999,
https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2202&dat=19990812&id=XBEmAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vf0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=3316,967052&hl=en
.

  
6
.
    
Associated Press, “Skinheads Sentenced for Attempted Fire,”
Los Angeles Times,
December 2, 2000,
http://articles.latimes.com/2000/dec/02/news/mn-60126
.

  
7
.
    
Sandra Morgen,
Into Our Own Hands: The Women's Health Movement in the United States, 1969–1990
(New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2002), 190.

  
8
.
    
Michael Bray,
A Time to Kill: A Study Concerning the Use of Force and Abortion
(Portland, OR: Advocates for Life Publications, 1994), 18.

  
9
.
    
Richard G. Butler, “A Call to Arms,” Aryan Nations, accessed April 17, 2015,
http://www.aryan-nation.org/RGB/CalltoArms.html
.

10
.
    
Jim Camden, “Book Familiar to Extremists,”
Spokesman-Review,
August 12, 1999,
https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19990812&id=Mo9XAAAAIBAJ&sjid=HPIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6731,667190&hl=en
.

11
.
    
Shane Hensinger, “Beware the Lone Wolf—the Phineas Priesthood,”
Daily Kos,
October 13, 2009,
http://www.dailykos.com/story/2009/10/13/792922/-Beware-The-Lone-Wolf-The-Phineas-Priesthood#
.

12
.
    
Jim Nesbitt, “White Supremacist Groups Inspiring Individual Acts,”
Religion News Service,
October 20, 1999,
http://assets.baptiststandard.com/archived/1999/10_20/pages/supremacist.html
.

13
.
    
Ibid.

14
.
    
Daryl Johnson,
Right Wing Resurgence: How a Domestic Terrorist Threat Is Being Ignored
(Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2012), 83.

15
.
    
Abby Ohlheiser and Elahe Izadi, “Police: Austin Shooter Was a ‘Homegrown American Extremist,'”
Washington Post,
December 1, 2014,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/12/01/police-austin-shooter-belonged-to-an-ultra-conservative-christian-hate-group/
.

16
.
    
Nesbitt, “White Supremacist Groups.”

17
.
    
Adam Miller, “Neo-Nazi Guru Stands by His Disciple,”
New York Post,
August 14, 1999,
http://nypost.com/1999/08/14/neo-nazi-guru-stands-by-his-disciple-refuses-to-condemn-good-soldier-furrow/
.

18
.
    
Southern Poverty Law Center, “Victoria Keenan Discusses Run-in with Aryan Nations,”
Intelligence Report
100, Fall 2000,
http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2000/fall/he-looked-like-the-devil
.

19
.
    
Matt Hale, “Our Fallen Brother: Ben ‘August' Smith,” Internet Archive, accessed April 17, 2015,
https://archive.org/details/OurFallenBrotherBenaugustSmithByMattHale
.

20
.
    
Southern Poverty Law Center, “Creativity Movement,” SPLC,
http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-files/groups/creativity-movement
.

21
.
    
Anti-Defamation League, “Hate on the Internet—New ADL Report Reveals Neo-Nazis and Others Exploiting Technology,” ADL, November 17, 1995,
http://archive.adl.org/presrele/asus_12/2609_12.html
.

22
.
    
Beverly Ray and George E. Marsh II, “Recruitment by Extremist Groups on the Internet,”
First Monday
6, no. 2 (February 2001),
http://ojphi.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/834/743
.

23
.
    
Barbara Perry,
Hate Crimes
(Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2009), 234–35.

24
.
    
Ibid.

25
.
    
Federal Bureau of Investigation, Project Megiddo (1999), Center for Studies on New Religions, accessed April 17, 2015,
http://www.cesnur.org/testi/FBI_004.htm
.

26
.
    
Ibid.

27
.
    
Ibid.

28
.
    
National Church Arson Task Force, “Fourth Year Report for the President,” NCATF, September 2000,
https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=1402
. The analysis in this chapter is based on statistics and charts provided in this report.

29
.
    
Raphael S. Ezekiel, “An Ethnographer Looks at Neo-Nazi and Klan Groups,”
American Behavioral Scientist
(2002), 51–71,
http://www.sagepub.com/martinessstudy/articles/Ezekiel.pdf
.

30
.
    
Mike German, “Behind the Lone Wolf, A Pack Mentality,”
Washington Post,
June 5, 2005,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/04/AR2005060400147.html
.

31
.
    
Ibid.

32
.
    
Ibid.

33
.
    
Independent Television Service, “Civil Trial: Jury Hits Klan with $37 Million Verdict,” ITVS, accessed April 17, 2015,
http://archive.itvs.org/forgottenfires/story_b.html
.

34
.
    
“Clarendon Klan Trial Deals Another Blow to Area Image,” Item, July 26, 1998,
https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1980&dat=19980726&id=fJkoAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LwYGAAAAIBAJ&pg=2162,4817433&hl=en
.

35
.
    
Seeking Solutions with Hedrick Smith, “Hate Crime,” PBS online, accessed April 17, 2015,
http://www.hedricksmith.com/site_solutions/hate/chcTranscripts.htm
.

36
.
    
Anti-Defamation League, “Neo-Nazi Hate Music: A Guide: Themes,” ADL, November 4, 2004,
http://archive.adl.org/main_extremism/hate_music_in_the_21st_century250d.html#.VShZcZOgVfY
.

37
.
    
German, “Behind the Lone Wolf.”

38
.
    
Associated Press, “Skinheads Sentenced.”

39
.
    
Southern Poverty Law Center, “Skinheads in America,” SPLC, accessed April 17, 2015,
http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/publications/skinheads-in-america-essay
.

40
.
    
Jack B. Moore,
Skinheads Shaved for Battle: A Cultural History of American Skinheads
(Madison, WI: Popular Press, 1993),
5.

41
.
    
Ezekiel, “Ethnographer.”

42
.
    
Mark S. Hamm,
American Skinheads: The Criminology and Control of Hate Crime
(Westport, CT: ABC-CLIO, 1994), 6.

43
.
    
Moore,
Skinheads,
5.

44
.
    
Scott Shepherd, interview with the author, March 1, 2015.

45
.
    
Ibid.

46
.
    
Michael Waltman and John Haas,
The Communication of Hate
(New York: Peter Lang Press, 2011), 21.

47
.
    
Ibid., 22.

CHAPTER
15

  
1
.
    
Peter Bergen and David Sterman, “U.S. Right Wing Extremists More Deadly Than Jihadists,”
CNN.com
, April 15, 2014,
http://www.cnn.com/2014/04/14/opinion/bergen-sterman-kansas-shooting/
.

  
2
.
    
Susan J. Palmer, “Religion or Sedition? The Domestic Terrorism Trial of the Hutaree, a Michigan-based Christian Militia,” in
Legal Cases, New Religious Movements, and Minority Faiths,
eds. James T. Richardson and François Bellanger (Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing, 2014), 89–118.

  
3
.
    
Associated Press, “Michigan Militia Sue Authorities over Home Raids,”
Huffington Post,
April 9, 2013,
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/hutaree-militia/
.

  
4
.
    
Palmer, “Religion or Sedition?” 109.

  
5
.
    
Phil Hirschkorn, “The Newburgh Sting,”
Huffington Post,
April 29, 2014,
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/phil-hirschkorn/the-newburgh-sting_b_5234822.html
.

  
6
.
    
Ibid.

  
7
.
    
Graeme Wood, “What ISIS Really Wants?”
Atlantic
, March 2015,
http://www.theatlantic.com/features/archive/2015/02/what-isis-really-wants/384980/
.

  
8
.
    
Ibid.

  
9
.
    
Bruce Hoffman, “
‘Holy Terror'
: The Implications of Terrorism Motivated by a Religious Imperative,” Rand Corporation, 1993,
http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/papers/2007/P7834.pdf
.

10
.
    
Tony Gaskew, “Peacemaking Criminology and Counterterrorism: Muslim Americans and the War on Terror,”
Contemporary Justice Review
12, no. 3 (September 2009): 345–66.

11
.
    
Arie Perliger, “Challengers from the Sidelines: Understanding America's Violent Far-Right,” Combatting Terrorism Center at West Point, January 15, 2013,
https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/challengers-from-the-sidelines-understanding-americas-violent-far-right
.

12
.
    
Michael Carl, “West Point: ‘Far Right' Dangerous to U.S.”
World News Daily,
January 18, 2013,
http://www.wnd.com/2013/01/west-point-far-right-dangerous-to-u-s/
.

13
.
    
Perliger, “Challenges from the Sidelines,” 72.

14
.
    
Ibid.

15
.
    
Scott Shepherd, interview with the author, March 1, 2015.

INDEX

Page locators for cities are not repeated under states, nor are organizations listed by city.

A

Abel (biblical),
27
,
29

Abernathy, Ralph,
49
,
187
,
193–194

Abraham (biblical),
18–19
,
29–30
,
32

Adam (biblical),
28–29
,
37

Adams, Kenneth,
13

Aeromarine Supply Company,
184

Afghanistan,
19

Africa,
103

A.G. Gaston Motel,
50

Agnew, Spiro T.,
195

Ainsworth, Kathy,
158
,
208–209
,
224–225
,
268
,
369–371

Ainsworth, Peter,
158
,
165
,
171

Alabama,
48
,
79
,
103

    
Alabama Ku Klux Klan,
13
,
33
,
238