Authors: Mary Street Alinder
76
Amitav Ghosh, “The Ghosts of Mrs. Gandhi,”
The New Yorker
, July 17, 1995, 40.
77
A portion of this chapter was first published in Mary Street Alinder, “The Limits of Reality: Ansel Adams and Group f/64,” in Heyman, ed.,
Seeing Straight
, 42–50.
7. SIERRA
1
Ansel Adams, “The Horace M. Albright Conservation Lectureship: The Role of the Artist in Conservation,” lecture given at University of California, Berkeley, College of Natural Resources, Department of Forestry & Conservation, March 3, 1975, 1.
2
During the summer of 1919, Ansel managed the LeConte Lodge for about ten days when that season’s custodian took ill.
3
Ansell [
sic
] E. Adams, Custodian LeConte Lodge, “LeConte and Parsons Memorial Lodges,”
Sierra Club Bulletin
12, no. 1 (1921): 201–202.
4
Ansel Adams, “LeConte Memorial Lodge—Season of 1923,”
Sierra Club Bulletin
, 1924, 83; Linda Wedel Greene,
Yosemite: The Park and Its Resources
(Yosemite National Park: U.S. Department of the Interior/National Park Service, 1987), 84–85.
5
Ansel Adams, “Conversations with Ansel Adams,” an oral history conducted 1972, 1974, 1975 by Ruth Teiser and Catherine Harroun, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1978, 252–253.
6
The club’s statement of purpose was published in every issue of the
Sierra Club Bulletin.
7
Today, numerous Outings depart all year long; some are still in the Sierra, but others explore the entire globe, from the Galapagos to Vietnam to Antarctica. “Sierra Club Outings,”
Sierra
(March/April 1914), 58–61.
8
Doris Leonard, interview with the author, September 11, 1995.
9
Anne Adams Helms, “Ansel Easton Adams,”
The Descendants of William James Adams and Cassandra Hills Adams
(Salinas, Calif.: Anne Adams Helms, 1999), 200.
10
Lillian Hodghead and Ada Clement, “Sierra Log, Summer of 1931,” typewritten manuscript illustrated with corner-mounted snapshots. Courtesy of Sita Dimitroff Milchev, Gualala, California.
11
Ibid., 91.
12
“Exhaustos” proved to be such a hit that it was produced at least one more time, on the 1940 Outing, when the “gripping Sierra tragedy, was performed by an all-star cast.” Weldon F. Heald, “High and Dry—1940,”
Sierra Club Bulletin
26, no. 1 (1941): 22.
13
Hodghead and Clement, “Sierra Log,” 94–95.
14
Ibid., 93.
15
Ansel and Virginia Adams, Eastman Studio Cash Book (July 30, 1931–January 6, 1936), CCP.
16
Doris Leonard interview.
17
Ansel Adams, “The Photography of Joseph N. LeConte,”
Sierra Club Bulletin
29, no. 5 (October 1944): 41–46; J. N. LeConte, “Parmelian Prints of the High Sierras,”
Sierra Club Bulletin
13 (February 1928): 96.
18
“She Won—or Maybe He Did; Anyway, He Got the Job,”
San Francisco Chronicle
, 1934.
19
Ansel Adams, “TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE SIERRA CLUB,” September 1968, in Mary Street Alinder and Andrea Gray Stillman, eds.,
Ansel Adams: Letters and Images, 1916
–
1984
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1988), 298–300.
20
Nancy Newhall,
The Eloquent Light
(Millerton, N.Y.: Aperture, 1980), 114–120. The Pacific Crest Trail became a 2,650-mile-long reality, stretching from the border of Mexico to the Canadian border, officially completed in 1993. Tom Stienstra, “Pacific Coast Trail Leads to Wonder,”
San Francisco Examiner
, July 24, 1994, A1, A12. The PCT passes through the Ansel Adams Wilderness.
21
Ansel Adams, “Record of Comment on Yosemite Conservation Forum,” June 23, 1935, CCP.
22
The first water from Hetch Hetchy did not flow into San Francisco reservoirs until October 24, 1934, but it continues to serve today as the water-storage facility for 2.4 million residents of the Bay Area. Carl Nolte, “Hetch Hetchy at 60 Is Still Causing Controversy,”
San Francisco Chronicle
, October 27, 1994, A19–20; “Hetch Hetchy Water System,” Bay Area Water Supply and Conservation Agency, http://bawsca.org/water-supply/hetch-hetchy-water-system [accessed March 10, 2014].
23
Ansel Adams to Virginia Best, August 3, 1925, in M. Alinder and Stillman,
Letters and Images
, 22. Hikers gave letters they wanted to mail to others they met along the trail who were on their way home. This tradition was part of an unwritten code of behavior.
24
Robert L. Lipman, “The 1935 Outing,”
Sierra Club Bulletin
21, no. 1 (February 1936): 34–39.
25
Francis P. Farquhar, “Legislative History of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks,”
Sierra Club Bulletin
26, no. 1 (February 1941): 55.
26
Yosemite (California) National Park
(Washington, D.C.: United States Department of the Interior, 1936).
27
Ansel Adams,
Sierra Nevada: The John Muir Trail
(Berkeley, Calif.: The Archetype Press, 1938).
28
Tom Turner,
Sierra Club: 100 Years of Protecting Nature
(New York: Abrams, 1991), 123–125. By design, few services are allowed within Kings Canyon National Park. It remains the least developed national park in the lower forty-eight.
8. RECOGNITION
1
Andrea Gray,
Ansel Adams: An American Place
,
1936
(Tucson: Center for Creative Photography, 1982), 13.
2
“Many Banks FDR Shut Will Reopen,” March 12, 1933, Clifton Daniel, ed.
Chronicle of the 20th Century
(Mount Kisco, N.Y.: Chronicle Publications, 1987), 418.
3
Virginia Adams to Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Adams, March 29, 1933, CCP.
4
Ibid.
5
Ibid.
6
Ansel Adams, “The New Photography,”
Modern Photography 1934
–
35: The Studio Annual of Camera Art
(London and New York: The Studio Publications, 1934), 12.
7
Albert Bender to Ansel Adams, April 4, 1933, CCP.
8
Benita Eisler,
O’Keeffe and Stieglitz: An American Romance
(New York: Doubleday, 1991), 406–408.
9
Ibid., 408–412; and Sarah Greenough, ed.,
My Faraway One, Selected Letters of Georgia O’Keeffe and Alfred Stieglitz, Volume I, 1915–1933
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011), 405–409
10
Doris Bry,
Alfred Stieglitz: Photographer
(Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1965), 17–20.
11
Alexandra Arrowsmith and Thomas West, eds.,
Georgia O’Keeffe & Alfred Stieglitz: Two Lives
(New York: HarperCollins Publishers/Calloway Editions, 1992).
12
Alfred Stieglitz, from the catalog of an exhibition of photographs by Alfred Stieglitz held at the Anderson Galleries, New York, 1921. Reprinted in Beaumont Newhall,
Photography: Essays & Images
(New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1980), 217.
13
Gray,
An American Place
, 14.
14
Ansel Adams, “Conversations with Ansel Adams,” an oral history conducted 1972, 1974, 1975 by Ruth Teiser and Catherine Harroun, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1978, 55.
15
Greenough,
My Faraway One,
644–655; Richard Whelan,
Alfred Stieglitz: A Biography
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1995), 537–548.
16
Greenough,
My Faraway One
.
17
Gray,
An American Place
, 14.
18
Nancy Newhall,
The Eloquent Light
(Millerton, N.Y.: Aperture, 1980), 85.
19
Ansel Adams with Mary Street Alinder,
Ansel Adams: An Autobiography
(Boston: New York Graphic Society, 1985), 78.
20
Maria Morris Hambourg,
The New Vision: Photography between the Wars
(New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1989), 10; Marius de Zayas, “Pablo Picasso,”
Camera Work
34–35 (April–July, 1911): 65–67.
21
Whelan,
Alfred Stieglitz
, 431–434.
22
Ibid., 451.
23
Ansel Adams to Alfred Stieglitz, June 22, 1933, in Mary Street Alinder and Andrea Gray Stillman, eds.,
Ansel Adams: Letters and Images
,
1916
–
1984
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1988), 50–52.
24
Virginia Adams to Ansel Adams, August 2, 1933, ibid., 54.
25
Ansel Adams to Cedric and Rhea Wright, August 5, 1933, ibid., 56.
26
Ansel Adams to Alfred Stieglitz, October 9, 1933, ibid., 58.
27
Paul Strand to Ansel Adams, October 14, 1933, in M. Alinder and Stillman,
Letters and Images
, 61–62; Alfred Stieglitz to Ansel Adams, June 28, 1933, ibid., 52–53.
28
Charles Sheeler to Ansel Adams, September 25, 1933, CCP.
29
Ansel Adams to Jean Charlot, October 7, 1933, CCP.
30
Ben Maddow,
Edward Weston: Fifty Years
(Millerton, N.Y.: Aperture, 1973), 281.
31
Howard DeVree, “Other Shows,”
New York Times
, November 19, 1933.
32
Ansel Adams, “An Exposition of My Photographic Technique,” “Landscape,” “Portraiture,” and “Applied Photography,”
Camera Craft
(January, February, March, and April 1934).
33
Adams, “The New Photography,” 9–18.
34
Beaumont Newhall, “Modern Photography, 1934–5,”
The American Magazine of Art
(January 1935), 58.
35
Ansel Adams,
Making a Photograph: An Introduction to Photography
, vol. 8 in the How to Do It series (New York and London: The Studio Publications, Inc., 1935).
36
Alfred Stieglitz to Ansel Adams, May 13, 1935, in M. Alinder and Stillman,
Letters and Images
, 77. Ansel Adams Collection. Collection Center for Creative Photography © 1981 Center for Creative Photography, Arizona Board of Regents.
37
Ansel and Virginia Adams, Eastman Studio Cash Book (July 30, 1931–January 6, 1936), CCP.
38
Ansel Adams to Virginia Adams, March 9, 1935, in M. Alinder and Stillman,
Letters and Images
, 76.
39
B. Newhall,
Focus
, 57.
40
Reproduced in Gray,
An American Place
, 12 and 21.