B004R9Q09U EBOK (44 page)

M

Macbeth
,
152

Machiavelli, Niccolò,
115

Macintosh,
207

Madras University,
178

Magic,
128
–
129
,
133

Margulis, Lynn,
11
,
13

Marion, Guy F.,
181

Martial,
76
,
93

Martin, Henri-Jean,
114
,
115

Maslow, Abraham,
45

Mauss, Marcel,
33
,
35
,
36
,
38

Mayans,
48
,
257
n.4

McCahill, Mark,
224

McClamrock, Ron,
15

McCrone, John,
41

McLuhan, Marshall,
2
,
4

Melanchthon, Philipp,
127

Memes,
12
–
13
,
14
,
16
,
19
,
254
n.9

Memex,
185
,
192
–
194
,
197
–
198
,
199
,
200
,
201
,
202
,
203
,
266
n.25

Memory

association,
125

Camillo’s Theater of Memory,
122
–
124
,
141
,
142

feats of,
126

human,
7

insect and hive,
14

monastic art of,
123
–
132

Novum Organum
(Bacon),
132

ordering,
124

wheel,
129
–
130
,
142

Meyrowitz, Norm,
220

Microfilm,
181
,
192
,
194
,
196
,
197
,
200
,
203

Microsoft Windows,
207

Middle Ages,
53
,
69
–
70

Islamic expansion,
83

literacy,
105
–
110

oral traditions,
105

Milton, John,
162

Minoans,
58

Mohammed,
48
,
96

Monasteries and monacticism

armarius
,
91

art of memory,
123
–
127

Cassiodurus’s Vivarium,
87
–
88

Celtic bookmaking,
79
,
80
–
86

English scriptoria,
84
,
85
,
104

libraries,
91
–
95

popular literature from,
103
–
105
,
109

reading books,
90
,
91
–
92

Rule of Saint Benedict,
91
–
92

Money.
See
Currency

Mongol invasions,
97

Moorehouse, A. C.,
53
–
54

Moors,
97
–
98

More, Thomas,
162

Morison, Robert,
137

Motley, John Lothrop,
119
–
120

Mouse,
205
,
206
–
207

Mundaneum
,
188
–
190
,
192
,
200

Muslim culture,
95
–
98

Mycenaeans,
58

Mystical beliefs about technology,
1
–
3

Mystical memory wheels,
123

Mythic thought,
62
–
63
,
64
,
65

Mythology,
4
,
6
,
135

epigenetic rules and,
20
–
21
,
59

genealogical relationships,
37
,
55
,
59
–
61

literacy and,
54
,
55
,
62
–
66
,
81

metaphorical relationships among natural phenomena,
59
–
60

oral culture and,
59
,
61

symbolism in,
41

taxonomic roots,
33
,
35
–
36
,
37
–
38
,
61

N

NASA,
218

National Endowment for the Humanities,
221

National Science Foundation,
224
,
265
n.5

Natural selection,
11
,
13
,
24
–
25
,
45
–
46

NCR,
196

Nelson, Ted,
185
,
190
,
193
,
201
,
208
–
215
,
217
,
221
,
222
,
225
,
226
–
227
,
237

Newton, Isaac,
162

Networks

associative,
79
,
190
–
191
,
192
,
199
,
201
,
202
,
204

computer,
6
,
15
,
43

cultural, social, and political,
5
–
6
,
7
,
11
–
12
,
43

defined,
7

and hierarchies,
6
–
9
,
7
,
11
–
12
,
29
,
42
–
43
,
50
,
65
,
215
,
234
–
238

neural,
7

Otlet’s vision,
190

scholarly,
134
,
153

self-organizing,
11
–
12
,
65
,
147
,
191
,
235
,
237

superorganisms,
12
,
13
–
14

swarm intelligence,
15

walled garden,
259
n.13

New York University,
45

Newman, John Henry,
115

Newspapers,
117
–
118
,
165

Nicolas, Nicholas Harris,
169
,
170

Nigerians,
48

Novum Organum
(Bacon),
132
,
133
–
134

NSFNet,
224

Nyce, James M.,
195

O

Occultism,
128
–
129
,
130
,
131

Ong, Walter J.,
50
,
90
,
232
–
233

oN-Line System (NLS),
206
,
207
,
218

Oral culture and traditions

Dark Ages,
78
–
79
,
92
,
96
–
97
,
102
,
105

durability of,
18
–
19
,
47
,
58
–
59
,
78
–
79
,
105

electronic media and,
231
–
234

in encyclopedias,
148
–
151

folk taxonomies,
46
,
52
,
61
,
102

Greek,
58
,
59
,
61
,
64
,
67

literacy’s threat to,
64
,
84

monastic art of memory,
125

and mythology,
46
,
59
,
61
,
62
–
63
,
64

popular literature from,
53
,
62
,
100
,
102
,
116
–
117

printing press and,
116
–
117
,
120
–
121

and social networks,
65

Oratory,
124

Organizational charts,
6

Ornament technology,
42

Otlet, Paul,
185
–
192
,
199
,
200

Oxford Internet Institute,
214

P

Page, Larry,
204

Pagerank,
204

Panizzi, Anthony,
167
–
171
,
180
,
186

Paper technology,
109
–
110

Pearson, Edmund Lester,
165

Pepys, Samuel,
137

Perseus environment,
223

Peter of Ravenna,
126

Phoenicians,
61

Physiologus
,
100
,
102
–
103
,
105

Pinakes
,
73
–
74

Pinker, Steven,
231

Pius VI,
260
n.12

Plato,
63
–
64
,
71

Pliny,
100
,
157
,
160

Poetry,
61
,
62

Political changes,
43
,
50
,
54

digital revolution and,
6
–
7
,
151

encyclopedias and,
148
–
151

library catalogs and,
169
–
171

printing press and,
99
,
117
–
121
,
151
,
183

Pope, Alexander,
162

Popper, Karl,
258
n.23

Population density, and innovation,
17
–
18
,
48
–
49

Populist ethos,
148
,
150
,
169
,
171
,
230
–
231

Primates, nonhuman, social networking,
16
–
17
,
19

Printing, automated,
86

Gutenberg press,
99
,
104
,
105
,
108
,
110
–
117
,
151
,
184

laser printers,
216

and literacy,
166

and Protestant Reformation,
117
–
121
,
151

and social and political change,
99
,
117
–
121
,
151
,
184

steam-driven presses,
165
,
166

Privacy issues,
3

Prosperus,
105

Protestant Reformation,
117
–
121

Prototype theory,
30
–
32

Ptolemy I,
55
,
71
,
72
,
93
,
97

Ptolemy III,
72

Public education,
165

Punch cards,
181

Punch transfer technique,
104
,
110

Q

Quintilian,
124

R

Rabelais, François,
115

Rameses II,
56

Random access,
79
,
81

Ranganathan, Shiyali Ramamrita,
145
,
178
–
180
,
186
–
187
,
247
–
249

Rapid Selector,
196
,
197
,
198

Ray, John,
137
,
154

Rayward, Boyd,
184
–
185
,
189
–
190

Relational databases,
179

Religious wars,
118
–
121

Renaissance

Arabic texts and,
98

Gutenberg revolution,
99
,
110
–
117

secular scholarship,
106
,
109
,
115
,
127
,
138
,
141
,
143
,
157

Rheingold, Howard,
208

Rhodes, Neil,
144
,
145
,
147

Roman Church,
2
,
82

erosion of authority of,
111
–
113
,
118
–
121
,
130
,
132
–
133
,
141
,
151

Gutenburg press and,
111
–
113
,
118
–
121
,
151

indulgences,
112
,
260
n.12

Inquisition,
128

and scientific inquiry,
139
–
140

Roman Empire,
54
,
75
–
77
,
78
,
80
,
81
,
82
,
90
,
124

Romberch, Johannes,
126

Rosch, Eleanor,
30
,
31

Rosicrucians,
131

Rosselli, Cosimo,
126

Rousseau,
148

Royal Commission,
170

Royal Society,
137
,
140