Authors: Adam Zamoyski
34.
Ibid., 143.
35.
Dumonceau, II/5.
36.
Blaze de Bury, I/54–5.
37.
Elting, 458–73.
38.
Bigarré, 297–8.
39.
Laugier,
Récits
, 9; Holzhausen, 30–1; Wesemann, 25.
40.
Herold, 218.
41.
Caulaincourt, II/77–8; Denniée, 15; Castellane, I/102. Some observers thought Napoleon was thinking of founding colonies in distant lands, and there are accounts of bricklayers, carpenters and artisans being drafted into the army or despatched in separate units, but this is probably no more than gossip, based on the fact that prescient commanders such as Davout identified those soldiers who could, for instance, build ovens and bake bread, and made sure that every company had a complement. At the same time, it is certainly true that the army was followed by hordes of people whose purpose was not always clear. See: Begos, 171–2; Bourgeois, 1–2; Chambray, I/164; Puibusque, 9.
42.
Saint-Chamans, 213; Paixhans, 33.
43.
Compans, 129.
44.
Berthézène, 328; Lejeune,
Mémoires
, II/169; according to Bertolini, many of the Italians had their wives with them.
45.
Boulart, 239; Walter, 34; Pouget, 184; Fairon & Heuse, 271; Laugier, Récits, 10; Pion des Loches, 273; Bourgeois, 2; Denniée, 11; Ganniers, 166; Hausmann, 141.
46.
Duverger, 1; Vandal, III/454; Ricome, 47; Meerheimb, 7.
47.
Nesselrode, IV/204–5.
1.
Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XXIII/379; Fain,
Manuscrit
, I/43.
2.
Villemain, I/155, 162, 163, 167.
3.
Ibid., 175.
4.
Jerome, V/169.
5.
Fouché, II/114; Ségur, IV/74.
6.
Kurakin, 360–1.
7.
Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XXIII/388.
8.
Pasquier, 525.
9.
Fain,
Manuscrit
, I/61.
10.
Castellane, I/93.
11.
Vandal, III/413–16; Baudus, I/338; Garros, 370–1.
12.
Beauharnais, VII/340; Méneval, III/25; Savary, V/226; Comeau de Charry, 439; Lejeune,
Mémoires, II
/174.
13.
Volkonskii, 147, 148, 149.
14.
Voronovskii, 4.
15.
Palmer,
Alexander
, 211; Kartsov & Voenskii, 107.
16.
Palmer,
Alexander
, 213; Kartsov & Voenskii, 103–4, 107; Dzhivelegov et al., II/221–46; Bulgakov, 2.
17.
Dzhivelegov et al., III/64–8; Bogdanov, 78.
18.
Volkonskii, 56;
La Guerre Nationale
, VII/333–5.
19.
Kharkievich,
Nastavlenie
, 239, 242, 243; Shvedov,
Komplektovanie
, 125.
20.
Dzhivelegov et al., III/81; Bogdanov, 61, 65, 72.
21.
Shvedov,
Komplektovanie
, 125; Troitskii,
O chislennosti
, 172–3 and O
dislokatsii
. See also: Zhilin,
Otechestvennaia voina, 95–6;
Sokolov, Dec., 36; Bogdanov, 72; Dzhivelegov et al., III/139; also Clausewitz, 12; Shishov, 235; Wolzogen, 87–8.
22.
On Barclay, see: Josselson; Wolzogen, 55–6; Toll, I/268.
23.
Grunwald,
Baron Stein
, 188.
24.
Dubrovin, 9.
25.
Ermolov, June/4; Josselson, 77; Muravev, 175.
26.
Josselson, 41–2; Dumas, III/416.
27.
Caulaincourt, I/291–3; Bignon, Souvenirs, 129.
28.
Fabry,
Campagne de Russie
, I/iff, x–xxiii, xxviiiff;
La Guerre Nationale
, II/131–44, IV/17–107, V/232–5, VI/264–8, VII/17–27, 37–40; Ermolov, June, 5; Clausewitz, 14;
1812 God v Vospominaniakh sovremennikov
, 79–80; Buturlin,
Byl li u nas plan
, 220; Shvedov, in
Tezisy Nauchnoi Konferentsii
, 32; Marchenko (502, 504–5) was of the opinion that there was a plan to retreat some distance, in order not to fight in Lithuania, where partisan activity was to be expected, but even he is adamant that nobody ever entertained the possibility of giving up Russian territory.
29.
On Alexander’s various schemes, see: Alexander I, Corr.
avec Bernadotte
, 6–7, 21; Czartoryski, II/281; Askenazy, 231; Volkonskii, 154; Ratchinski, 224;
La Guerre Nationale, I
V/38–55, 413–25, V/359–69.
30.
Alexander I, Corr.
avec sa soeur
, 76.
31.
1812 god. Voennie dnievniki
, 77, 81.
32.
Benckendorff, 32; Shiskov, 126; Radozhitskii, 21; Simanskii, 1912, No. 2.
33.
Bakunina, 396–7.
34.
Josselson, 93;
Barclay de Tolly i Otechestvennaia Voina
, August 1912, 197–8.
35.
Toll, I/270; see also Vaudoncourt,
Quinze Années
, I/167.
36.
Wolzogen, 63.
37.
Ley, 45–6; 47, 48.
38.
Nesselrode, IV/5–10.
39.
Rambuteau, 86; see also Villemain, I/187.
40.
Skallon, 450; Nesselrode, IV/35; Voenskii,
Sviashchennoi Pamiati
, 19.
1.
Denniée, 12–13.
2.
Hazlitt, III/398.
3.
Fain,
Manuscrit
, I/68.
4.
Vandal, III/479; Villemain, I/174.
5.
Metternich, I/122.
6.
Fain,
Manuscrit, I/
75; Pradt, 56–7; Savary, V/226.
7.
Villemain, I/165–6, 163.
8.
Fain,
Manuscrit
, I/50.
9.
Jomini,
Précis
, I/48; Niemcewicz, I/380; Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XXIII/441.
10.
Beauharnais, VII/261, 330, 374; Caulaincourt, I/342; Falkowski, IV/6–7; Lejeune,
Mémoires
, II/180; Potocka, 319–20; Krasinski, 68; Kozmian, II/302; Niemcewicz, 379; Villemain, I/167–70; Las Cases, IV/181–2; O’Meara, I/191; also Kukiel,
Vues
, 77.
11.
Chevalier, 175.
12.
Brandt, 228; Paixhans, 24–6.
13.
Brandt, 228, 230; Dumas, III/417, 419.
14.
Dumas, III/418; Castellane, I/101.
15.
Everts, 117.
16.
Combe, 57.
17.
Oginski, III/114; Falkowski, IV/3; Bignon, Souvenirs, 195.
18.
Chernyshev, 72, relates that Napoleon himself told him that the Grand Duchy could not support an army of more than 40,000 men; Falkowski, IV/3.
19.
Venturini, 218; Dziewanowski, 6.
20.
Fredro, 35; see also Blaze de Bury, I/44–5; Brandt, 232.
21.
Roy, 130; Hausman, 94.
22.
Holzhausen, 31–2; Abbeel, 96.
23.
Boulart, 240–1.
24.
Walter, 40–1; Le Roy, 130.
25.
O’Meara, II/95; Caulaincourt, I/330, 340; Fain,
Manuscrit
, I/87.
26.
Fabry,
Campagne de Russie
, IV, Annexe 14–16, 262–348; Vilatte de Prugnes, 249–74, for the official figures from the Dépôt de la Guerre.
27.
Beauharnais, VII/276.
28.
Berthézène, I/323–6; Dedem, 226–7.
29.
Hausman, 94; Fairon & Heuse, 274.
30.
Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XXIII/499–50; Garros, 377; Napoleon,
Lettres Inédites
(1935), 41.
31.
Napoleon,
Correspondance
(1925), V/435, 396.
32.
Garros, 378.
33.
Ibid., 378–9; Soltyk, 9–10; Zaluski, 119; Caulaincourt, I/344.
34.
Boulart, 241.
35.
Napoleon,
Correspondance
(1925), V/435.
36.
Dumonceau, II/48; Saint-Chamans, 213; Labaume, 25; Boulart, 242; Ganniers, 181.
37.
Lejeune,
Mémoires
, II/175.
38.
Planat de la Faye, 71.
39.
Lejeune,
Mémoires
, II/175–6; see also Jomini,
Précis
, I/57
40.
Fantin des Odoards, 303.
1.
Choiseul-Gouffier, 45–8, 58–9; Nesselrode, 45;
1812 god. Voennie Dnevniki
, 76–7.
2.
Ley, 49.
3.
Shishkov, 127.
4.
Buturlin, I/155;
Barclay de Tolly i Otechestvennaia Voina
, Sept. 1912, 327.
5.
Altshuller & Tartakovskii, 21; Mitarevskii, 12; Radozhitskii, 35–6.
6.
Altshuller
&
Tartakovskii, 23; Laugier,
Gli Italiani
, 26–7.
7.
Prikaz nashim armiam
, 445.
8.
Dubrovin, 13–15.
9.
Bloqueville, III/155.
10.
Boulart, 243.
11.
Bertin, 27; Lecoq, 162.
12.
Griois, II/14; Berthézène, I/343; Dumas, III/422.
13.
Laugier,
Récits
, 18; Montesquiou-Fezensac, 208; Dumas, III/422; Labaume, 33.
14.
Fain,
Manuscrit
, I/200–1; Denniée, 19–21; Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XXIV/33.
15.
Castellane, I/110.
16.
Caulaincourt, I/354.
17.
Dubrovin, 25.
18.
Dubrovin, 20–5; Caulaincourt, I/354; Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XXIV/1.
19.
Tatistchev, 606; Las Cases, II, Part 1, 103.
20.
Soltyk, 36; Dupuy, 166.
21.
Brandt, 240; see also Gajewski, 214; Bourgeois, 12; Caulaincourt, I/351.
22.
Choiseul-Gouffier, 64;
Dokumenty i Materialy, CXXVIII
, 416; see also Dziewanowski, 6.
23.
Falkowski, IV/127, 129; Kukiel,
Wojna
, I/376–88; Zaluski, 232.
24.
Brandt, 251; Gardier, 32.
25.
Chamski, 67; Brandt, 245; Turno, 104; Kolaczkowski, 98; Soltyk, 59, 65.
26.
Choiseul-Gouffier, 65; Placzkowski, 171–2; see also Faber du Faur, 10.
27.
Falkowski, IV/128; Brandt, 241, 243; Fezensac,
Journal
, 13.
28.
Dziewanowski, 8; Jackowski, 297.
29.
Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XXIV/61; Pradt, 131.
30.
Dokumenty i Materialy
, CXXVIII, 397; Falkowski, IV/135–6;
Dokumenty i Materialy
, CXXVIII, 393.
31.
Kukiel,
Wojna
, I/389–390; Falkowski, IV/146, 149–150.
32.
Brandys, II/76; Choiseul-Gouffier, 102.
33.
Fantin des Odoards, 308.
34.
Napoleon,
Lettres Inédites
(1897), II/199;
Correspondance
, XXIV/19.
35.
Napoleon,
Lettres Inédites
(1897), II/200; Beauharnais, VII/382; Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XXIV/37.
36.
Askenazy, 232; Fain,
Manuscrit
, I/208; Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XXIV/80–1.
37.
Josselson, 99; Dubrovin, 36; Voronov.
38.
Muravev, 174; Josselson, 93.
39.
Grabbe, 827; Ermolov, 11.
40.
Shchukin, VIII/165.
41.
Chambray, I/210; Kallash, 17–18; Bagration (in Shchukin, VIII/169) gives a figure of 15,000 for all losses; Napoleon’s figure of 20,000 deserters, in
Corr. Inédite
(1925), V/492, can be discounted as propaganda.
42.
Nesselrode, I/58; Clausewitz, 43; Alexander,
Corr. avec Bernadotte
, 19.
43.
Clausewitz, 26–8, 31–4; Grech, 261.
44.
Butenev, 69.
45.
Shilder, Zapiska; Shishkov, 137–8; W.H. Löwenstern, I/209; Palmer,
Alexander
, 232–3.
1.
Espinchal, I/320; Dumonceau, II/123.
2.
Bertin, 25–6.