Authors: Adam Zamoyski
2.
Adams, II/398.
3.
Kharkievich,
Barclay de Tolly v Otechestvennoi Voinie
, 49.
4.
Bakunina, 403.
5.
Palmer,
Alexander
, 239; Chichagov,
Mémoires
, 43; Marchenko, 502–3; Wolzogen, 131–2; Kutuzov,
Dokumenty
, 161–3; Alexander,
Corr. avec sa soeur
, 81, 87; Kharkievich,
Barclay de Tolly v Otechestvennoi Voinie
, 50; Kutuzov,
Dokumenty
, 163–4, 357.
6.
Alexander,
Corr. avec Bernadotte
, 55–6; Scott,
Bernadotte
.
7.
Wilson,
Invasion
, 111–12.
8.
Koliubakhin,
1812 god, Izbranie Kutuzova
, 8–9; Bennigsen,
Zapiski
, Sept. 1909, 492–3; Kharkievich,
Barclay de Tolly v Otechestvennoi Voinie
, 24, 26.
9.
Radozhitskii, 120–2; Koliubakhin, 1812
god. Izbranie
Kutuzova, 12; Kutuzov,
Dokumenty
, 360; See also Clausewitz, 136; F. Glinka,
Zapiski Russkavo Ofitsera
,
IV/51.
10.
Maevskii, 153; Dubrovin, 101; Clausewitz, 138, 139; Toll, II/5–8.
11.
Clausewitz, 139; Barclay,
Tableau
, 40.
12.
Barclay,
Tableau
, 42.
13.
Koliubakhin,
1812 god. Izbranie Kutuzova
, 12; Beskrovny,
Borodino
, 25–6, 45–6.
14.
Beskrovny,
Borodino
, 45–6, 55, 59.
15.
Toll, II/29, 43.
16.
Beskrovny,
Borodino
, 64.
17.
Bennigsen,
Zapiski
, Sept. 1909, 495; Beskrovny,
Borodino
, 86.
18.
Fezensac,
Journal
, 41.
19.
Barclay,
Tableau
, 44–6; Kutuzov,
Dokumenty
, 363, 367–8; Beskrovny, Kutuzov, IV/129; Koliubakhin, 1812 god.
Izbranie Kutuzova
, 31.
20.
Kemble, 188–9; Ségur, V/16–17; Constant, V/61–2; Denniée (74) affirms that Napoleon ‘
souffrait d’une terrible migraine
’ at Borodino; Rossetti, aide-de-camp to Murat, noted (16) that ‘
il avait l’air souffrant
’ on the morning of the battle; Baudus (II/83), who was aide-de-camp to Bessières, records that the latter told him Napoleon was ‘très
souffrant
’ during the battle; Wincenty Placzkowski, of the Chevau-Légers of the Guard, claims (191) that at one stage Napoleon even ‘lay down on a coat on the ground and gave his orders from there, and then got up, and, leaning heavily on a cannon, observed the battle from there’. Gourgaud (228) is the only one who maintains that Napoleon was in rude health and active throughout the battle.
21.
Nafziger, 213; Castellane, I/146; Dumonceau, 129, Dupuy, 176; Otechestvennaia
voina 1812 goda. Istochniki, etc
., 1998, 75.
22.
Troitskii,
Den Borodina
, 195 and Shvedov,
Komplektovanie
, 134; also Beskrovny,
Borodino
, 320; Garting, 76–8; Beskrovny,
Polkovodets
, 204; Tarle,
Nashestvie
, 134; Shishov, 250; the most interesting discussion of the problem can be found in A.A. Abalikhin,
K voprosu chislennosti
, in
Tezisy Nauchnoi Konferentsii
and Troitskii,
1812 Velikii God
, 141.
23.
W.H. Löwenstern, I/273.
24.
Vionnet de Maringoné, 10.
25.
Bausset, II/84.
26.
Brandt, 272.
27.
Napoleon,
Lettres Inédites
(1935), 69.
28.
Combe, 79; Boulart, 252; Holzhausen, 97; Fezensac,
Journal
, 41; see also Labaume, 151.
29.
Laugier,
Récits
, 76; Vossler, 60.
30.
Mitarevskii, 51, 53–4, 55–6.
31.
Sukhanin, 281; see also: Muravev, 193; Golitsuin, 14; F. Glinka,
Pisma Russkavo Ofitsera
, IV/64–5.
32.
Rapp, 173.
33.
Ibid., 174–5.
1.
Rapp, 176; Seruzier, 198.
2.
Napoleon,
Correspondance
, XXIV, 207; Radozhitskii, 171.
3.
Thirion, 180; Vossler, 60–1; Holzhausen, 105.
4.
Mitarevskii, 55;
1812 god v Vospominaniakh, perepiskie i raskazakh
, 114.
5.
Bourgogne, 7.
6.
Laugier, Récits, 81, Mitarevskii, 62; Beulay, 56.
7.
Kharkievich,
1812 God v dnevnikakh
, 202–3.
8.
Rapp, 177.
9.
Muravev, 194: Josselson, 141.
10.
Kutuzov,
Dokumenty
, 373; Lubenkov, 49–50.
11.
Lejeune,
Souvenirs
, II/345.
12.
Chambray, II/77, 248; Lejeune,
Mémoires
, II/217; Also: Baudus, II/84; Ségur (IV/382) noted that Napoleon displayed ‘
un calme lourd, une douceur molle, sans activité;
Pion des Loches, 290.
13.
François, II/791.
14.
Beskrovny,
Borodino
, 380; Griois, 40.
15.
Toll, II/81–2; Clausewitz, 141; Württemberg, 15–16.
16.
Kutuzov,
Dokumenty
, 372–3; Wolzogen, 145; Maevskii, 138.
17.
François, II/792, 794.
18.
Bennigsen,
Zapiski
, Sept. 1909, 498.
19.
Rossetti, Murat’s aide-de-camp, relates (119) that when he came up to Napoleon asking for reinforcements, Napoleon ordered General Mouton forward with the Young Guard, but then countermanded the order; Denniée (78–9) agrees that Napoleon had already ordered the Young Guard forward, but then gave way to the counsel of his marshals; Lejeune (
Mémoires, II
/213) records that Napoleon wanted to use the Guard, but ‘
un conseiller timide
’ reminded him that he was a long way from Paris; when Murat sent Bélliard to ask for the Guard, Napoleon answered, ‘
Je ne vois pas encore assez clair, s’il y a demain une seconde lutte, avec quoi la livrerai-je?
’ (Roguet, III/480). Napoleon explained to Dumas (III/440) that he did not use the Guard because he was preserving it for another battle before Moscow. To Rapp (180) Napoleon said: ‘
Je m’en garderai bien; je ne veux pas la faire démolir. Je suis sûr de gagner la bataille sans qu’elle y prenne part.
’
20.
Duffy, 123; Bréaut des Marlots, 17–18.
21.
Thirion, 185, 190.
22.
Planat de la Faye, 82–3.
23.
Meerheimb, 81.
24.
Griois, II/38.
25.
Holzhausen, 113.
26.
Josselson, 139; Grabbe 463.
27.
Clausewitz, 166.
28.
Dedem, 240; Dumonceau, II/142–3.
29.
Brandt, 277; Laugier,
Récits
, 88.
30.
Kurz, 90; Faure, 46.
31.
Ségur, IV/401; Lejeune,
Mémoires, II
/219; Kolaczkowski, I/126.
32.
Bausset, II/99; Bloqueville, III/168; Fain,
Manuscrit, II
/71; Constant, V/83, 64–5.
33.
Aubry, 165; Borcke, 187; Vionnet de Maringoné, 10.
34.
La Flise, LXXII/45–6; Larrey, IV/49; Roos, 68.
35.
Larrey, IV/58; Bourgeois, 51; François, II/793.
36.
Larrey, IV/60; Soltyk, 254.
37.
Kallash, 235; Muravev, 199.
38.
Muravev, 196.
39.
Wolzogen, 145–6.
40.
Beskrovny,
Borodino
, 95; Kutuzov,
Dokumenty
, 376; 191; Beskrovny,
Borodino
, 96.
41.
Voenskii,
Sviashchennoi Pamiati
, 137.
42.
Beskrovny,
Borodino
, 101–7, 111–12. On the Russian side, Kutuzov, Saint-Priest (Kharkievich,
1812 god v Dnevnikakh
, 159) and many others affirmed that the French fell back. Bennigsen
(Zapiski
, Sept. 1909, 500), states that the Russians withdrew, and this is upheld by Shishov (268). On the French side, Berthézène, Labaume and Venturini (Beskrovny,
Polkovodets
, 240) implied that they returned to their morning positions, but Lejeune (Souvenirs, II/352) makes it clear that Napoleon’s tents were actually pitched at the foot of the battlefield, while Vossen (472), Castellane (I/151), Brandt (279) and many others state that they bivouacked on the battlefield. Either way, Clausewitz (167–8) states quite categorically that the Russians were truly defeated; see also Beskrovny,
Borodino
, 121.
43.
Clausewitz, 142. Bennigsen (
Mémoires, III
/87) writes: ‘That evening, we were still not aware of the huge losses we had suffered during the day; we therefore considered, for a while, retaking our central battery during the night and continuing the battle on the morrow.’ W.H. Löwenstern (I/278) believed Kutuzov really did want to fight the next day, as did Ermolov (74). Clausewitz (167–8) agreed with Golitsuin that Kutuzov was merely bluffing.
44.
Fain,
Manuscrit
, II/47; Denniée, 81.
45.
Württemberg, 13.
46.
Biot, 34; Holzhausen, 115.
47.
Shvedov,
Komplektovanie
, 135. See also: Buturlin, 349; Garting, 78; Josselson, 145; Shishov, 271; Duffy, 139; Troitskii, 1812
Velikii God
, 175–6. Thiry (153) gives the official figures of the Dépôt de la Guerre.
48.
Grabbe, 466; Liprandi, 7; Andreev, 192; Shchukin, VIII/110; Simanskii, 1913 No. 2, 165, writes that every company had lost ‘much more than half’ of its men.
49.
Voenskii,
Sviashchennoi Pamiati
, 137, 138; Kutuzov,
Dokumenty
, 387; Ermolov, 77.
50.
Martos, 489; Kutuzov,
Dokumenty
, 379; Kutuzov,
Pisma
, 339.
51.
Beskrovny,
Borodino
, 85; Khomutova, 322.
52.
Kallash, 10.
53.
Rostopchin,
La Vérité
, 214–16; Naryshkina, 162–4; S. Glinka,
Zapiski o 1812 g
, 54.
54.
Ermolov, 78–82; Bartenev, 857; Grabbe, 470; Bennigsen,
Voenny soviet
, 235–8; Barclay,
Tableau
, 56–60; Kharkievich,
1812 god v dnevnikakh
, 173–5 (Saint-Priest); Buturlin, I/357–9; Bennigsen,
Zapiski
, Sept. 1909, 501–3; Bennigsen, Mémoires, III/89–93; Beskrovny,
Borodino
, 187–8; Dokhturov, 1098–9; Kharkievich, 1812
god v Dnevnikakh
, 128 (Konovnitsin); Kutuzov,
Dokumenty
, 385 (Raevsky). No official record was made at the time, no doubt because Kutuzov wished to protect his reputation against all eventualities. There are many discrepancies in the various accounts left by the participants, dictated principally by the private agendas of the writers. Ultimately, the details are not that significant, other than for the personal reputations of those involved. On this question, see Josselson, 154.
55.
Dokhturov, 1098–9.
56.
Kutuzov,
Pisma
, 340; Naryshkina, 164–6.
57.
Kharkievich,
1812 god v Dnevnikakh
, 23; Popov,
Dvizhenie
, 518.
58.
Buturlin, I/363.
59.
Safanovich, 126–8; Kozlovskii, 106; Naryshkina, 146–7; Kutuzov,
Pisma
, 340; Naryshkina, 164–6; Aglaimov, 55; Garin, 18–20; 1812
god. Voennie Dnevniki
, 143, 147; Evreinov, 103; Bennigsen,
Zapiski
, Sept. 1909, 504; 1812
god v Vospominaniakh sovremennikov
, 51; Voenskii,
Sviashchennoi Pamiati
, 139; Shchukin, II/212, V/165.
60.
Sukhanin, 482.
61.
Ibid.; 1812
god. Voennie Dnevniki
, 144, 147–8.
62.
Shchukin, VIII/44–76. Voenskii,
Sviashchennoi Pamiati
, 139; Rostopchin,
La Vérité
, 220.
63.
Garin, 24.
64.
Sukhanin, 483; also Bennigsen,
Zapiski
, Sept. 1909, 504; Kallash, 92;
1812 god v Vospominaniakh sovremennikov
, 59; Bennigsen,
Mémoires, III
/95; Rossetti, 127–8; Kharkievich, 1812
god v Dnevnikakh
, 205–12;
65.
Perovskii, 1033; Roos, 88–90.
66.
Uxküll, 87; Chicherin, 14–16; Clausewitz, 192; Aglaimov, 56; Radozhitskii, 165, 172.
1.
Bourgogne, 13.
2.
Fantin des Odoards, 331–2; Soltyk, 261; Shchukin, IV/229–464; Laugier, 94; Combe, 96.