Blue: The LAPD and the Battle to Redeem American Policing (71 page)

85 percent of which were black and Hispanic
: “Stop-and-Frisk Data,” New York Civil Liberties Union,
http://www.nyclu.org/content/stop-and-frisk-data
, accessed February 5, 2015.

guns were found in just 0.14 percent of the stops
: “Trial Weighs Importance of Arrests in Police Stops,”
NYT
, May 17, 2013.

marijuana . . . black New Yorkers were seven times more likely than whites to be arrested
: “Whites Smoke Pot, but Blacks Are Arrested,”
NYT
, December 22, 2009.

forty thousand gang members
: William Bratton interview; “L.A. Chooses Group to Run Anti-Gang Academy,”
LAT
, January 8, 2010; “With Kids Dead, L.A. Vows Gang Crackdown,” AP, January 21, 2007.

“Twice a year . . . graduating fifteen hundred officers”
: William Bratton interview.

“They were being surged into areas”
: Ibid.

“we didn’t use new recruits to stop people”
: Charlie Beck interview.

“open-display” marijuana arrests
: “Dismal Tale of Arrests for Tiniest of Crimes,”
NYT
, November 1, 2011.

“It was abhorrent”
: William Bratton interview.

gang injunction ran 276 pages, targeted six gangs
: “Promise and Peril in South L.A.,”
LAT
, June 7, 2009.

13.7 square miles of South Los Angeles
: Ibid.

injunction made arrestable crimes
: Ibid.

“What’s lost in discussion about this method of enforcement”
: Peter Bibring interview.

“not scaring the little old lady across the street”
: Charlie Beck interview.

“African-American men between the ages of sixteen and thirty-seven”
: “Rights and Wrongs,”
New Yorker
, May 27, 2013.

13,212 murders in New York City
: “Ray Kelly; The NYPD: Guilty of Saving 7,383 Lives,”
WSJ
, July 22, 2013.

“You’ve got to have it”
: William Bratton interview.

Connie Rice, January 2007, Los Angeles City Council Meeting

“I’m happy for Reggie”
: “Follow the Gang Money: Part One,”
Witness LA
, August 16, 2010.

At one thousand pages, it weighed in at twelve pounds
: “An LAPD Critic Comes in from the Cold,”
Crime Report
, January 18, 2012; Connie Rice interview.

“there’s $1
billion
in
[
city and county
]
programs for kids”
: “Both Sides of the Street.”

Wes McBride . . . His career . . . destroy three generations of one family
: Connie Rice interview.

“Twenty-five years of containment-suppression”
: “Both Sides of the Street.”

“There were many things the report was not”
: Leap, “Los Angeles and Gang Violence,” 22.

Bill Bratton, May Day 2007, MacArthur Park

“so
god damn
stupid”
: David Dotson interview.

immigrant protests . . . one in Chicago that numbered 400,000
: “Immigrants Take to U.S. Streets in Show of Strength,”
NYT
, May 1, 2006.

seven-hundred-mile border fence
: CNN, May 1, 2006.

“a love fest”
: William Bratton interview; Domanick,
Anatomy of a Police Crisis
, 2.

“managed to walk a tightrope”
: David Dotson interview.

one million stops in one year
: Peter Bibring interview.

“Bratton . . . provided visionary and progressive leadership”
: “Police Commission Reappoints Chief Bratton to Second Term,” Los Angeles Police Department press release, June 19, 2007, accessed February 5, 2015,
http://www.lapdonline.org/june_2007/news_view/35667
; “Bratton’s Coronation Affirms the Silence of Lambs,”
Los Angeles Sentinel
, June 28, 2007.

“Without minimizing the importance of
[
our
]
disagreements”
: Ramona Ripston, American Civil Liberties Union, to the Los Angeles Board of Police Commissioners, letter, April 27, 2007.

In 1992 there had been over 1,000 homicides in Los Angeles
: “Homicides in 1992 Set Record for L.A. County,”
LAT
, January 5, 1993; “L.A.’s Homicide Rate Lowest in Four Decades,” NPR, January 6, 2011.

By 1998. . . fallen by nearly
60 percent
to 419
: “13 Die in Four Days of Violence,”
LAT
, November 19, 1992; “Violent Crime in L.A. Declines in Most Categories,”
LAT
, December 14, 1999; “L.A. Homicide Rate on the Rise; Blamed on Gang Activities,”
AP
, November 23, 2002.

in late 2002 . . . risen again by over one-third to 647
: “Crime in L.A. Drops for 3rd Year in a Row,”
LAT
, December 21, 2005; “Top Cop in Los Angeles Says Cutting Crime Pays,”
WSJ
, November 29, 2008.

dropping . . . under Bratton to 480
: “Save Money—Hire Police,”
LAT
, November 22, 2011.

to join Los Angeles mayor Antonio Villaraigosa
: William Bratton interview.

Bratton . . . home . . . Los Feliz
: Ibid.

rock- and bottle-throwing
: “Saving Los Angeles,” 72.

Antonio Villaraigosa . . . “surrounded by the Spanish-language press”
: William Bratton interview.

“they’re beating up people”
: Ibid.

“there’s nothing going on that I’m aware of”
: Ibid.

“ordered the park cleared”
: Ibid.

“the hair shot up the back of my neck”
: Ibid.

150 Los Angeles police officers
: Hillman and Chaleff,
An Examination of May Day 2007
, 8–9.

in English, not Spanish
: Domanick,
Anatomy of a Police Crisis
, 3.

two-foot-long batons
: “Saving Los Angeles.”

fired off rubber bullets
: Ibid.

women wheeling baby strollers and dozens of reporters
: Ibid.

“the heart and soul of the LAPD culture”
: William Bratton interview; Domanick,
Anatomy of a Police Crisis
, 4.

“we cleared the park”
: William Bratton interview; Domanick,
Anatomy of a Police Crisis
, 9.

about thirty or forty
: William Bratton interview.

Bratton called Mark Perez
: Ibid.

Birotte . . . should come to the park as well
: Ibid.

“I’ve never been part of that school”
: Ibid.

Carter . . . had sent them home
: Ibid.

The final tally was 166
: Hillman and Chaleff,
An Examination of May Day 2007
, 9–10; “LAPD Takes Blame for Park Melee,”
LAT
, October 10, 2007.

“a procedural mistake”
: William Bratton interview.

“You don’t use a fifteen-hundred-pound machine”
: Ibid.

“legitimate, very rational group”
: Ibid.

“change a flat tire while racing down a highway”
: Ibid; Domanick,
Anatomy of a Police Crisis
, 11.

“calm the waters”
: William Bratton interview; Domanick,
Anatomy of a Police Crisis
, 12.

“break the back”
: William Bratton interview; Domanick,
Anatomy of a Police Crisis
, 15.

“insensitivity that the whole department was accused of”
: William Bratton interview.

45 percent Latino, 15 percent black, over 20 percent female
: Domanick,
Anatomy of a Police Crisis
, 14.

the city wound up paying nearly $13 million
: “Los Angeles to Pay $13 Million to Settle May Day Melee Lawsuits,”
LAT
, February 5, 2009.

Bratton . . . San Jose Marriott Hotel
: Author’s observations; “Saving Los Angeles.”

“Go to a Home Depot”
: “Saving Los Angeles.”

“in my thirty-seven years of policing”
: William Bratton interview; “Saving Los Angeles,” 131.

he demoted and reassigned Lee Carter
: “Deputy Chief Demoted Over Melee Will Retire,”
LAT
, May 17, 2007; Domanick,
Anatomy of a Police Crisis
, 15.

Laura Chick, February 2008, Office of Controller; Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa, City Hall

Villaraigosa . . . who’d grown up . . . East L.A.
: “He’s the Energizer Mayor,”
LAT
, May 5, 2006; “Former Mayor Villaraigosa Portrait Complete, Bound for Los Angeles City Hall,”
LADN
, January 29, 2014; “The Untold Story of the Mayor’s Rise from Poverty to Power,”
LADN
, November 19, 2006.

caught having an extramarital affair
: “Mayor Reveals Romantic Link with TV Newscaster,”
LAT
, July 4, 2007.

“There was a lot of debate”
: Jeff Carr interview.

“there was no guarantee”
: Ibid.

“it was political suicide”
: Ibid.

“You’re the first Latino mayor in 137 years”
: Ibid.

“we’re gonna do it”
: Ibid.

“Urban Peace Academy” . . . over one hundred hours of training
: “Gang Interventionists Distribute Food, Prayer—and a Sense of Change,”
LAT
, June 28, 2009.

interventionists . . . earn a minimum of $30,000 a year and health insurance
: Ibid.

GRYD would receive $21 million in 2010
: “What Does It Take to Stop Crips and Bloods from Killing Each Other?”
NYT
, July 10, 2013; “Gang Interventionists Distribute Food, Prayer—and a Sense of Change.”

$700,000 for the first year of the gang academy’s funding
: Connie Rice interview.

then raise its budget to over $1 million
: Ibid.