Canada Under Attack (25 page)

11
. Quoted in Henry S. Burrage,
Maine at Louisbourg
(Augusta, ME, Burleigh &Flynt, 1910).

12
. Burrage, 51.

13
. Eric Krause, Carol Corbin, and William O'Shea, ed.,
Aspects of Louisbourg:
Essays on the History of an Eighteenth Century French Community in North
America
(Sydney, NS: University College of Cape Breton Press, 1995), 128.

14
. Wood, 76.

15
. From a composite prepared from a number of primary sources in Robert Emmet Wall, Jr. “Louisbourg 1745,”
New England Quarterly
, Vol. 37, No. 1, March 1964, 66.

16
. Quoted in John Stewart McLennan,
Louisbourg from Its Foundation to Its
Fall, 1713–1758
(Detroit: The University of Michigan, 1918), 237.

17
. Quoted in Wood, 121.

18
. In the 1960s the Canadian government launched a project to rebuild Louisbourg. Today the massive fort stands guard at the mouth of the St. Lawrence once more, but now it is manned by Parks Canada rather than the French Army.

Chapter Three

1
. Wolfe in a letter to Amherst, August 8, 1758.

2
. Beckles Willson,
The Life and Letters of James Wolfe
(London: W. Heinemann, 1909), 417.

3
. Wolfe in a letter to his mother, November 13, 1756.

4
. Sir Arthur John Doughty, ed.,
The Journal of Captain John Knox, Volume 1
(Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Press, 1968), 93.

5
. Leicester Harmsworth,
The Northcliffe Collection
(Ottawa: F.A. Acland, printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1926), 111.

6
. Montcalm in a letter to Marshal de Belle Isle, Montreal, April 12, 1759.

7
. This was the same Captain Cook who would later earn fame as an adventurer and explorer in the South Pacific.

8
. William R. Nester,
First Global War: Britain, France and the Fate of North
America 1756–1775
(Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2000), 132.

9
. Estimates of Montcalm's troop strength vary according to the source. Montcalm himself estimated that he had just over 13,000 but that number might not include some of the militia or thousands of Native troops who had allied themselves with the French.

10
. Wolfe quoted in George M. Wrong,
The Conquest of New France: A Chronicle
of the Colonial Wars
(Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2003), 90.

11
. Wolfe's First Manifesto, Beckles Willson,
The Life and Letters of James Wolfe
(London: W. Heinemann, 1909), 439.

12
. Jean-Félix Richér,
Journal du Sèige de Québec en 1759
(Quebec: Société de Historique de Québec), 59.

13
. Marie de la Visitation, “Narrative of the Doings During the Seige of Quebec, and the Conquest of Canada,” Thomas Thorner, ed.,
A Few Acres of Snow:
Documents in Pre-Confederation History
(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003), 99.

14
.
Ibid
, 100.

15
. Wolfe quoted in
The Life and Letters of James Wolfe
, 453.

16
. Wolfe in a letter to his mother, Banks of the St. Lawrence, August 31, 1759.

17
. Montcalm to Artillery Officer and Secretary Montbelliard.

Chapter Four

1
. Paul David Nelson,
General Sir Guy Carleton, Lord Dorchester: Soldier-States
man of Early British Canada
(Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses, 2000), 93.

2
. Michael P. Gabriel,
Major General Richard Montgomery: The Making of an
American Hero
(Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses, 2002), 142.

3
. Carleton to Lord Dartmouth, Quebec, November 20, 1775.

4
. Carleton quoted in Nelson, 72.

5
. George Washington to the Continental Congress, from his camp at Cambridge, September 21, 1775.

6
. Sir James Carmichael Smyth,
Precis of the Wars in Canada
(New York: C. Roworth, 1826), 79.

7
. Arnold to George Washington, Chaudiere Pond, October 22, 1775.

8
. George Morison's journal, November 1775.

9
. William Renwick Riddell,
Benjamin Franklin's Mission to Canada and the
Causes of Its Failure
(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1923), 130.

10
.
Ibid
., 133.

11
.
Ibid
., 133.

12
.
Ibid
., 134.

13
. Mark Zuehlke,
Canadian Military Atlas
(Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, Ltd., 2001), 58.

Chapter Five

1
. The Nootka are also known as the Mowachahts or Muchalaht First Nation.
They originated in the Friendly Cove area of Nootka Sound. In historical texts they are frequently referred to as the Nootka Natives.

2
. Gilbert Malcolm Sproat,
Scenes and Studies of Savage Life
(London: Smith, Elder and Co., 1868), 12.

3
. Warren L. Cook,
Flood Tide of Empire: Spain and the Pacific Northwest, 1543–
1819
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1973), 58.

Chapter Six

1
. Isaac Brock letter to Captain James Brock, Kingston, 1811.

2
. Ferdinand Brock Tupper Esq., ed.,
The Life and Correspondence of Sir Isaac
Brock, K.B
. (London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co., 1845), 172–73.

3
. Isaac Brock letter to Captain James Brock, July 1812.

4
. Walter Nursey,
The Story of Isaac Brock: Hero, Defender and Saviour of Upper
Canada, 1818
(Toronto: W. Briggs, 1909), 97.

5
. Mary Beacock Fryer,
Bold, Brave, and Born to Lead: Major General Isaac Brock
and the Canadas
(Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2004), 72.

6
. Nursey, 101.

7
. John Boileau,
Half-Hearted Enemies: Nova Scotia, New England and the War
of 1812
(Toronto: Formac Publishing Company, Ltd., 2007).

Chapter Seven

1
. Louis Joseph Papineau in a speech to the Six Counties, Saint-Charles, October 31, 1837.

2
. Dr. Wolfred Nelson in a speech on October 23, 1837.

3
. George Nelson's Journal, Nelson Family Papers, Toronto Public Library.

4
. George Bell,
Rough Notes of an Old Soldier
(London: Day and Son, Ltd., 1867), 51.

5
. Amédée Papineau,
Journal d'un Fils de la Liberté Réfugié aux États-Unis
par suite de L'insurrection Canadienne, en 1837
, Vol. II (Montreal: Éditions L'Étincelle, 1978), 46–47.

6
. Bell, 55.

7
. Jean-Joseph Girouard to M. Morin, April 28, 1838, quoted in John Hare, ed.,
Les Patriotes, 1830–1838
(Montreal: Libération, 1971), 144.

8
. The Seventh Report from the Select Committee of the House of Assembly of Upper Canada on grievances, 6.

9
. Daniel Webster to Lord Ashburton on the Case of the
Caroline
, Department of State, June 27, 1842. This has become an internationally accepted precedent and was used most recently by the United States to justify its invasion of Iraq.

10
. Lord Durham's Report, 1839, 51.

Chapter Eight

1
.
The New Yorker
, Saturday March 23, 1839, 12.

2
. From an account told by Eleazer Packard to the
Whig and Courier
, Bangor, Maine, reported in the
Daily Courier
, Hartford, Connecticut, February 20, 1839.

Chapter Nine

1
. Thomas Newbiggen, “Fenian Raids: Invasions of British-Ruled Canada,”
Historynet, 3–8 of printed materials;
www.historynet.com/fenian-raids-invasions-of-british-ruled-canada.htm
.

2
.
Ibid
., 3.

3
. John O'Neill,
Official Report of General John O'Neill, President of the Fenian
Brotherhood, on the Attempt to Invade Canada
(New York: John F. Foster, 1870).

4
. Estimates vary widely depending upon the source.

Chapter Ten

1
. Henry Landau,
The Enemy Within: The Inside Story of German Sabotage in
America
(New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1937), 19.

2
. Kaltschmidt quoted in
The Enemy Within
, 45.

3
. David Ricardo Williams,
Call in Pinkerton's: American Detectives at Work for
Canada
(Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1998), 182.

4
. Williams, 182.

Chapter Eleven

1
. Steve Neary
, Enemy on Our Doorstep: The German Attacks on Bell Island
(Toronto: Jesperson Press, 1994), 12.

2
.
Ibid
., 56.

3
. The Commando Order was a secret directive issued by Adolph Hitler on October 18, 1942. It stated that all Allied commandos operating in either Europe or Africa should be killed immediately. This applied even if the commandos were in uniform or if they tried to surrender. Any soldier who refused to carry out this directive would face a court martial.

Chapter Twelve

1
. CBC Radio Archives,
World Report
, “Japan Bombs Saskatchewan,” broadcast February 7, 2005.

2
. Brendan Coyle,
War on Our Doorstep: The Unknown Campaign on North
America's West Coast
(Surrey, BC: Heritage House Publishing, 2002), 218.

3
. “Saw Wife and Five Children Killed by Jap Balloon Bomb,” the
Seattle Times
, June 1, 1945, 1.

4
. Major Mathias Joost, “Western Air Command and the Japanese Balloon Campaign,”
Canadian Military Journal
, Summer 2005, 65.

Chapter Thirteen

1
. R. A. Preston,
The Defence of the Undefended Border: Planning for War in North
America, 1867–1939
(Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1977).

2
.
Ibid
., 226.

3
. War Plan Red, 1935, 6.

4
. Major Charles H. Jones, Infantry, Chairman and Lieutenant Colonel H.W.
Crawford, Engineers,
Supplement No. 3 to Report of Committee No. 8; Sub
ject: Critical Areas of Canada and Approaches Hereto; Prepared by Committee
No. 3
, 51.

5
. Captain H.L. George,
February 11–13, 1935, Hearings of the Committee on
Military Affairs, House of Representatives, on Air Defense Bases
, 51.

6
. Franklin D. Roosevelt as quoted in “U.S. Disavows Airport Yarn,” the
Globe
and Mail
, Wednesday May 1, 1935, 2.

7
.
Defence Scheme No. 1
, April 12, 1921, Chapter One, Section 3.

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