Children of Paradise (72 page)

The
tavob
enjoyed
:
Ibid., 168.

“truly crazy”
:
Afshari,
Human Rights in Iran
, 105.

By mid-1986, political prisoners
:
Abrahamian,
Tortured Confessions
, 174–75.

Khomeini wrote him a letter
:
Afshari,
Human Rights in Iran
, 105.

“contrary to the expediency of Islam”
:
Iran Human Rights Documentation Center, “Deadly Fatwa: Iran’s 1988 Prison Massacre,” Aug. 2009, 16, http://www.iranhrdc.org/english/publications/reports/3158-deadly-fatwa-iran-s-1988-prison-massacre.html.

The regime boasted
:
Abrahamian,
Tortured Confessions
, 129.

force of seven thousand fighters
:
Iran Human Rights Documentation Center, “Deadly Fatwa,” 9–10, 12–13.

“those who remain steadfast . . . implementation of the verdict”
:
Ibid., 88 (translation of entire fatwa and answers to questions).

At Evin, according to one former prison official
:
Christina Lamb, “Khomeini Fatwa ‘Led to Killing of 30,000 in Iran,’”
Daily Telegraph
, Feb. 4, 2001. See also Iran Human Rights Documentation Center, “Deadly Fatwa,” 27.

The executioners complained of overwork
:
Abrahamian,
Tortured Confessions
, 211.

Some former inmates at Gohardasht Prison
:
Ibid., 211–12.

“Hajj Amjad, a guard”
:
Iran Human Rights Documentation Center, “Deadly Fatwa,” 28.

Montazeri would later estimate
:
Ibid., 8, citing Montazeri’s memoir.

The site was heavily patrolled
:
Ibid., 52–53.

“baptism of blood”
:
Abrahamian,
Tortured Confessions
, 219.

Speaker Rafsanjani claimed
:
Amnesty International, “Iran: Violations of Human Rights 1987–1990” (1990), 11, https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/MDE13/021/1990/en/.

“Do you think we should hand out”
:
Iran Human Rights Documentation Center, “Deadly Fatwa.”

“to execute people who have been sentenced”
:
Ibid., Appendix 5, 96.

Montazeri tried again in a missive dated August 4
:
Ibid., Appendix 6, 100.

“I have received more blows . . . it will not be solved but spread”
:
Ibid., Appendix 7, 104.

“We will cause irreparable injustice”
:
Baktiari,
Parliamentary Politics in Revolutionary Iran
, 172.

He disinherited Montazeri
:
Abrahamian,
Tortured Confessions
, 220.

“the appropriate political and managerial skills”
:
Karim Sadjadpour,
Reading Khamenei: The World View of Iran’s Most Powerful Leader
(Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2008), 6.

Rafsanjani saluted this decision
:
Ibid.

“We need a focus for people’s emotions”
:
Menashri,
Iran
, 349.

“I am an individual”
:
Sadjadpour,
Reading Khamenei
, 7.

C
HAPTER
F
IVE.
E
XPANSION AND
C
ONTRACTION

“the whole record of past revolutions”
:
Hannah Arendt,
On Revolution
(New York: Penguin Books, 2006), 102.

Close to 80 percent
:
Behrooz Ghamari-Tabrizi,
Islam and Dissent in Postrevolutionary Iran: Abdolkarim Soroush, Religious Politics and Democratic Reform
(London: I. B. Tauris, 2008), 194.

These were the Mutazilites
:
The summary of Mutazilite theory and history taken largely from Richard C. Martin and Mark R. Woodward, with Dwi S. Atmaja,
Defenders of Reason in Islam: Mu’tazilism from Medieval School to Modern Symbol
(Oxford: Oneworld, 1997).

it led some clerics in Qom
:
Mohammad Ayatollahi Tabaar, “Who Wrote the Quran?,”
New York Times Magazine
, Dec. 5, 2008.

“We say that the cherry is the fruit”
:
“Mohammad’s Word, Mohammad’s Miracle: An Interview with Abdulkarim Soroush by Kargozaran Newspaper,” Feb. 9, 2008, http://drsoroush.com/en/mohammads-word-mohammads-miracle/.

“the spread of thoughts”
:
Ghamari-Tabrizi,
Islam and Dissent in Postrevolutionary Iran
, 217.

Popper wrote him two letters in response
:
Ali Paya, “Karl Popper and the Iranian Intellectuals,”
American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences
20, no. 2 (Spring 2003), 68.

Soroush gave just two lectures and two interviews on the “woman question”
:
Ziba Mir-Hosseini,
Islam and Gender: The Religious Debate in Contemporary Iran
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999), 217–46.

“Dr. Soroush issue” . . . “Iranian national independence”
:
Ghamari-Tabrizi,
Islam and Dissent in Postrevolutionary Iran
, 217.

“enemies of the revolution” were “exploiting naïve people”
:
Ibid., 218.

“we will throw these fashionable ideas”
:
Ibid., 219.

“I have come to you in humility”
:
Ibid., 220.

“The triumph of worshippers”
:
Ibid., 222.

C
HAPTER
S
IX.
T
HERMIDOR

“These revolutions are not worms turning”
:
Crane Brinton,
The Anatomy of Revolution
(New York: Vintage, 1965), 250.

“What differentiates this ideal world”
:
Ibid., 47.

“If it becomes a cultural phenomenon”
:
Mehdi Moslem,
Factional Politics in Post-Khomeini Iran
(Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2002), 145.

“Asceticism is necessary”
:
Ibid., 144.

“through suppression, pressure and threat”
:
Ibid., 169.

“shed no blood for the United States”
:
Bahman Baktiari,
Parliamentary Politics in Revolutionary Iran: The Institutionalization of Factional Politics
(Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1996), 212.

“And though of so unlimited a power”
:
Thomas Hobbes,
Leviathan
, 20:18 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996).

“If you think we will fall”
:
Ali Mirsepassi,
Democracy in Modern Iran: Islam, Culture, and Political Change
(New York: New York University Press, 2010), 140.

C
HAPTER
S
EVEN.
T
HE
S
ECOND OF
K
HORDAD

“To make our society stable”
:
Mohammad Khatami,
Islam, Liberty and Development
, trans. Hossein Kamaly (Binghamton, NY: Global Academic Publishing, 1998), 115.

“We can only critique tradition”
:
Ibid., 34.

“The cultural strategy of a dynamic and vibrant”
:
Ibid., 112.

“The legitimacy of government stems from people’s vote”
:
Ibid., 150.

“cultural onslaught” . . . “corruption, decadence and idleness”
:
David Menashri,
Post-Revolutionary Politics in Iran: Religion, Society and Power
(Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 2001), 84.

campaigned in the American style
:
Genieve Abdo and Jonathan Lyons,
Answering Only to God: Faith and Freedom in Twenty-first-Century Iran
(New York: Henry Holt, 2003), chap. 3.

the entire machinery of the Tehran municipality at his disposal
:
Ibid., 70–71.

“Less than a week before the election”
:
Ibid., 73.

“I shall not allow anyone”
:
Ibid., 74.

some 80 percent of Iranian voters
:
Iran Data Portal, http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/pres/1997.

“degraded . . . infantile”
:
A summary of Montazeri’s speech is in Ziba Mir-Hosseini and Richard Tapper,
Islam and Democracy in Iran: Eshkevari and the Quest for Reform
(London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2006), 103–108.

Even its budget was overseen
:
Mirjam Kunkler, “The Special Court of the Clergy and the Repression of Dissident Clergy in Iran,” in
The Rule of Law, Islam, and Constitutional Politics in Egypt and Iran
, ed. Saïd Amir Arjomand and Nathan J. Brown (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2013), 57–100.