Children of Paradise (74 page)

“religious duty”
:
Susan Sachs, “2 Trials Focus Attention on Iranian Justice,”
New York Times
, May 3, 2000, A12; BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, May 5, 2000, English text of report from Vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Network 4, May 3, 2000.

“The enemies of freedom”
:
Scott Peterson, “Are Hardliners Taking Aim at Reformists?,”
Christian Science Monitor
, March 13, 2000, 7.

“certain internal organizational problems”
:
BBC Monitoring Middle East, “Iran: Two Tehran Municipality Deputies Resign,” text of report from
Kayhan
website (in Persian), Jan. 17, 2002.

“During the past four years”
:
Hoseyn Shariatmadari, “Note of the Day” column on
Kayhan
website (in Persian), Jan. 9, 2003, 2. Translated for BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, Jan. 10, 2003.

Another commentator in
Kayhan
:
Mohammad Mohajeri, “This Council Was Disbanded Four Years Ago” on
Kayhan
website (in Persian), Jan. 15, 2003, 2. Translated for BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, Jan. 16, 2003.

some 95 percent . . . low 10 percent
:
Figures cited by interior ministry spokesman Jahanbakhsh Khanjani in Ali Akbar Dareini, “Local Election Turnout in Tehran 10 percent, Conservatives in Lead,” Associated Press Worldstream, March 1, 2003.

Conservatives took fourteen . . . by carrying between 85,000 and 190,000 votes
:
“Khatami Worried About Low Turnout at Iranian Municipal Elections,” Deutsche Presse-Agentur, March 3, 2003.

“safeguarding the achievements”
:
Reuters, “Conservatives Crush Reformers in Iran; 14 of 15 Seats on Tehran Council Go to Hardliners,”
Chicago Tribune
, March 3, 2003, 3.

C
HAPTER
E
LEVEN.
T
HE
M
IRACLE
R
OOM

By later accounts, she was hardly ever alone there
:
Iran Human Rights Documentation Center, “Impunity in Iran: The Death of Photojournalist Zahra Kazemi,” Nov. 2006, http://www.iranhrdc.org/english/publications/reports/3148-impunity-in-iran-the-death-of-photojournalist-zahra-kazemi.html.

On July 10 she was removed
:
Ibid., Appendix 4, 1–3.

He became a key outspoken witness
:
Ibid., Appendix 6, “Khoshvaght Letter,” 1–4.

“In view of Ms. Zahra Kazemi’s inhumane treatment”
:
Ibid., Appendix 4, 1.

There were oddities
:
Ibid., Appendix 7, “Abdol Karim Lahiji’s Statement on the Special Presidential Commission Report,” 1–2.

“How could it be”
:
Ibid., Appendix 2, “Report of the Parliamentary Article 90 Commission,” 4.

He replied to the commission’s questions
:
Ibid., Appendix 2, 4–6.

lambasted Mortazavi in a speech and in an open letter to the prosecutor
:
Ibid., Appendix 2 and Appendix 8, “Mohsen Armin Letter: Mortazavi Must Stand Trial.”

“We think like Kadivar”
:
Mehdi Moslem,
Factional Politics in Post-Khomeini Iran
(Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2002), 263.

In 2001 the court handed the deputy interior minister
:
Muhammad Sahimi, “Patriotists and Reformists: Behzad Nabavi and Mostafa Tajzadeh,” Tehran Bureau,
Frontline
, PBS.org, Aug. 11, 2009, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2009/08/patriots-and-reformists-behzad-nabavi-and-mostafa-tajzadeh.html.

C
HAPTER
T
HIRTEEN.
P
OSTMORTEM

On December 6, 2004, President Mohammad Khatami . . . “stop the beating of students”
:
“Iranian President Heckled During Speech to Students,” BBC Monitoring International Reports, Dec. 8, 2004. Khatami’s speech, with English subtitles, can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrZw-yGlyTk.

Five reformist luminaries convened . . . “no state can survive”
:
Saeed Hajjarian, Abbas Abdi, Mostafa Tajzadeh, Hamidreza Jalaeipour, and Alireza Alavitabar,
Reformation vs. Reformation: A Critical Dialogue
(Tehran: Tarh-e No, 2006). Selected translations by Massood Hooman, commissioned by the author.

“The goal of the system”
:
A translation of this letter can be found at http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2004_2009/documents/dv/ganjiletter100705_/ganjiletter100705_en.pdf.

“If civil disobedience needs leadership and planning”
:
freeganji.blogspot.com, accessed July 17, 2005.

“Forcing repentance letters on prisoners”
:
Ibid.

“Lack of vision theoretically leads”
:
Dariush Sajjadi, transcript of interview with Abdolkarim Soroush, broadcast on Homa TV, March 9, 2006, file:///Users/macbook/Desktop/Book/Interview%20notes/Intellectuals/Soroush/Dr.%20Soroush.webarchive.

“All the important, modern, political institutions”
:
Ali Asghar Seyyedabadi, “The Muddled Dream of Returning to Tradition: An Interview with Abdulkarim Soroush,” Nov. 19, 2006, http://drsoroush.com/en/the-muddled-dream-of-returning-to-tradition/.

“the relatively free atmosphere”
:
Sajjadi, transcript of interview with Abdolkarim Soroush.

Rafsanjani easily led the first round of voting . . . national totals
:
Election data can be found at http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/pres/2005/.

C
HAPTER
F
OURTEEN.
A C
OMMON
M
AN

Iran never had a politician
:
Biographical details on Ahmadinejad are from Kasra Naji,
Ahmadinejad: The Secret History of Iran’s Radical Leader
(Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2008).

After the revolution, Ahmadinejad . . . lead to lawlessness
:
Ibid. See also Alireza Haghighi and Victoria Tahmasebi, “The ‘Velvet Revolution’ of Iranian Puritan Hardliners,”
International Journal
, Autumn 2006, 961.

he was active in those years against Khatami
:
Naji,
Ahmadinejad
, 46.

“Immediately these people say”
:
Ibid., 234.

“Economics, like any other science”
:
Ibid., 233.

He even invited German chancellor Angela Merkel
:
Ibid., 181.

Ahmadinejad undertook the most far-reaching governmental housecleaning
:
Haghighi and Tahmasebi, “The ‘Velvet Revolution’ of Iranian Puritan Hardliners,” 970, n. 13.

In the first year of his presidency alone
:
Ali Rahnema,
Superstition as Ideology in Iranian Politics: From Majlesi to Ahmadinejad
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 59.

The elected institutions, Mesbah believed
:
Jahangir Amuzegar, “Iran’s Theocracy Under Siege,”
Middle East Policy
1, no. 10 (March 21, 2003), 135.

“We shall wait to see”
:
John Ward Anderson, “Iran’s Conservatives Face a Growing Split; Extremist Clerics Blamed for Rise in Secularism,”
Washington Post
, June 2, 2001.

“It doesn’t matter what the people think”
:
Afshin Molavi,
The Soul of Iran: A Nation’s Struggle for Freedom
(New York: W. W. Norton, 2005), 105.

“just as it checks the distribution”
:
John Ward Anderson, “Islamic Democracy’s Power Politics; As Iran’s Election Nears, Key Issue Is Accountability—to the Public, or to God?”
Washington Post
, May 25, 2001.

He called for the violent elimination
:
“Rafsanjani to Succeed Khamene’i?,” Iran brief, Info-Prod Research (Middle East), no. 64 (Oct. 4, 1999).

Ahmadinejad, too, scorned all efforts
:
Naji,
Ahmadinejad
, 70.

they worried that the president and Mesbah undermined Islam by toying
:
For Mesbah-Yazdi and Ahmadinejad (excluding Mesbah-Yazdi’s quotations on politics), see Rahnema,
Superstition as Ideology in Iranian Politics
, 54–99.

More Iranians than ever before climbed
:
On the expansion of the middle class under the Islamic Republic, see Kevan Harris, “A Martyrs’ Welfare State and Its Contradictions: Regime Resilience and Limits Through the Lens of Social Policy in Iran,” in
Middle East Authoritarianisms: Governance, Contestation, and Regime Resilience in Syria and Iran
, ed. Steven Heydemann and Reinoud Leenders (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2013). See also Kevan Harris, “The Brokered Exuberance of the Middle Class: An Ethnographic Analysis of Iran’s 2009 Green Movement,”
Mobilization: An International Journal
17, no. 4, (2012), 435–55.

Toward the end of 2008
:
See Arash Ghafouri, “Setad 88—Iran’s Greatest Campaign in Support of Mirhossein Mousavi,” in
Election Fallout: Iran’s Exiled Journalists on Their Struggle for Democratic Change
, ed. Marcus Michaelson, trans. Evan J. Siegel (Berlin: Verlag Hans Schiler, 2011), 50–61, http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/08560.pdf.

“like an unopened melon”
:
Ibid.

“I know that I would get the vote if I ran”
:
Muhammad Sahimi, “The Political Evolution of Mousavi,” Tehran Bureau,
Frontline
, PBS.org, Feb. 16, 2010, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2010/02/the-political-evolution-of-mousavi.html.

In an interview with
Der Spiegel
:
http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/iranian-elections-the-answer-to-ahmadinejad-a-622225.html.

Mousavi and Ahmadinejad squared off
:
A transcript of their debate can be found at http://www.irantracker.org/analysis/mousavi-ahmadinejad-june-3-presidential-debate-transcript; video with English subtitles at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9DNmR15Lui8.