Colin Woodard (51 page)

11
Rink (1986), pp. 160–164, 169; Archdeacon (1979), p. 34.

12
Taylor (2001), pp. 259–60.

13
Shorto (2004), pp. 293–296; Ritchie (1977), pp. 31–33; Taylor (2001), p. 260.

1
Chief Justice Joseph Dudley, quoted in John Gorham Palfrey,
History of New England,
Vol. 3, Boston: Little, Brown & Co, 1882, pp. 514–531.

2
Quote on troops from Palfrey, pp. 517n, 521–522; David S. Lovejoy,
The Glorious Revolution in America
, New York: Harper & Row, 1972, pp. 180–181, 189–193; “Declaration of the Gentlemen, Merchants, and Inhabitants of Boston and the Country adjacent, April 18, 1689,” in Nathanael Byfield,
An Account of the Late Revolution in New England
, London: Richard Chitwell, 1689, pp. 12–24.

3
“Declaration,” in Byfield, pp. 11–12.

4
Lovejoy (1972), p. 182; Increase Mather, “Narrative of the Miseries of New England, By Reason of an Arbitrary Government Erected There” (December 1688), in
Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society
, 4th series, Vol. 9, Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1871, p. 194.

5
Byfield (1689), p. 24.

6
Palfrey (1882), pp. 576–583; Lovejoy (1972), 240; David Lyon,
The Sailing Navy List
, London: Conway, 1993, p. 13.

7
“Depositions of Charles Lodowyck, New York: 25 July 1689,” in J. W. Fortescue, ed.,
Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, America and West Indies: 1689–1692
, London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1901, p. 108.

8
“Letter from members of the Dutch Church in New York to the Classis of Amsterdam,” 21 October 1698, in
Collections of the New York Historical Society for the Year 1868
, New York: Trow-Smith, 1873, p. 399; Adrian Howe, “The Bayard Treason Trial: Dramatizing Anglo-Dutch Politics in Early Eighteenth-Century New York City,”
William and Mary Quarterly
, Third Series, 47:1 (January 1990), p. 63.

9
“Declarations of the freeholders of Suffolk, Long Island,” in Fortescue, p. 35; “Lt. Governor Nicholson to the Lords of Trade, New York, 15 May 1689,” in Fortescue, p. 38; Stephen Saunders Webb,
Lord Churchill's Coup: The Anglo-American Empire and the Glorious Revolution of 1688 Reconsidered
, Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1998, pp. 199–200.

10
“Address of the Militia of New York to the King and Queen, June 1689,” in Fortescue, p. 76; “Letter from members of the Dutch Church . . . ,” pp. 399–400; “Deposition of Lt. Henry Cuyler, New York: 10 June 1689,” in Fortescue, p. 65.

11
“Stephen van Cortland to Governor Andros, New York: 9 July 1689,” in Fortescue, pp. 80–81; David W. Vorhees, “The ‘Fervent Zeal' of Jacob Leisler,”
William and Mary Quarterly
, Vol. 51, No. 3, 1994, p. 471.

12
“Minutes of the Council of Maryland, 24 March 1689,” in Fortescue, p. 18; “Minutes of the Council of Virginia, 26 April 1689,” in Fortescue, p. 32; Thomas Condit Miller and Hu Maxwell,
West Virginia and Its People, Vol. 3
, New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Co., 1913, p. 843; “Nicholas Spencer to William Blatwayt, Jamestown, Va.: 27 April 1689,” in Fortescue, p. 32; “Nicholas Spencer to Lord of Board and Plantations, Jamestown, Va.: 29 April 1689,” in Fortescue, p. 33.

13
Lovejoy (1972), pp. 266–267; “Declaration of the reasons and motives for appearing in arms on behalf of the Protestant subjects of Maryland, 25 July 1689,” in Fortescue, pp. 108–109; Michael Graham, “Popish Plots: Protestant Fears in Early Colonial Maryland, 1676–1689,”
Catholic Historical Review
, Vol. 75, No. 2, April 1993, pp. 197–199, 203; Beverly McAnear, “Mariland's Grevances Wiy the Have taken Op Arms,”
Journal of Southern History
, Vol. 8, No. 3, August 1942, pp. 405–407.

14
Lovejoy (1972), pp. 256–257; Howe (1990), p. 64; Taylor (2001), pp. 284–285.

15
“The case of Massachusetts colony considered in a letter to a friend at Boston, 18 May 1689,” in Fortescue, p. 40; Taylor (2001), pp. 283–284.

1
Richard S. Dunn,
Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies 1624–1713
, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1972, p. 77; Taylor (2001), pp. 215–216; David Robertson,
Denmark Vesey
, New York: Alfred Knopf, 1999, p. 15.

2
Dunn (1972), pp. 69, 72.

3
Ibid., pp. 73; Richard S. Dunn, “English Sugar Islands and the Founding of South Carolina,”
South Carolina Historical Magazine
, Vol. 101, No. 2 (April 1971), pp. 145–146.

4
Robertson (1999), p. 14; Greene (1988), p. 147; Robert Olwell,
Masters, Slaves and Subjects: The Culture of Power in the South Carolina Low Country, 1740–1790
. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998, pp. 34–35, 37.

5
Olwell (1998), pp. 79, 81; Dunn (2000), p. 153.

6
Fischer (2005), pp. 70–71.

7
Maurie D. McInnis,
The Politics of Taste in Antebellum Charleston
, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005, p. 324; Taylor (2001), p. 226; Kurath (1949), p. 5.

8
M. Eugene Sirmans, “The Legal Status of the Slave in South Carolina, 1670–1740,”
Journal of Southern History
, Vol. 28, No. 4, November 1962, pp. 465–467; “An Act for the Better Ordering and Governing of Negroes and Slaves” [1712 reenactment of the 1698 law] in David J. McCord,
The Statutes at Large of South Carolina, Vol. 7
, Columbia, SC: A. B. Johnston, 1840, pp. 352–365.

9
For an excellent discussion of the distinct slave systems, see Ira Berlin, “Time, Space, and the Evolution of Afro-American Society on British Mainland North America,”
American Historical Review
, Vol. 85, No. 1, February 1980, pp. 44–78.

10
Greene (1998), pp. 191–192; Berlin (1980), pp. 68–69, 72, 74.

11
Greene (1998), pp. 191–192; Berlin (1980), p. 56, 66; Robertson (1999), p. 18.

12
Allison Davis et al.,
Deep South: A Social Anthropological Study of Caste and Class
, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1941, pp. 15–44.

13
Ibid., pp. 244–250; Martha Elizabeth Hodes,
Sex, Love, Race: Crossing Boundaries in North American History
, New York: New York University Press, 1999, p. 119; Caryn E. Neumann,
Sexual Crime: A Reference Book
, Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio, 2010, p. 6; Josiah Quincy quoted in Olwell (1998), p. 50.

14
Olwell (1998), pp. 21–25.

15
Greene (1988), p. 142; Betty Smith,
Slavery in Colonial Georgia, 1730–1775
, Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1984, p. 5; Taylor (2001), pp. 241–242.

16
Taylor (2001), pp. 243–244; Allan Gallay, “Jonathan Bryan's Plantation Empire: Law, Politics and the Formation of a Ruling Class in Colonial Georgia,”
William and Mary Quarterly
, Vol. 45, No. 2, April 1988, pp. 253–279.

1
Cara Gardina Pestana, “The Quaker Executions as Myth and History,”
Journal of American History
, Vol. 80, No. 2, September 1993, pp. 441, 460–461; Taylor (2001), pp. 264–265; Theophilus Evans,
The History of Modern Enthusiasm, from the Reformation to the Present Times
, London: W. Owen, 1757, p. 84; Boorstin (1958), pp. 35–39.

2
E. Digby Baltzell,
Puritan Boston and Quaker Philadelphia
, New York: Free Press, 1979, pp. 94–106.

3
Samuel Pepys, journal entry of 30 August 1664; “Sir William Penn” and “William Penn,” in Hugh Chisholm, ed.,
Encyclopedia Britannica
, 11th edition, Vol. 21, New York: Encylopaedia Britannica Co., 1911, pp. 99–104; Richard S. Dunn, “An Odd Couple: John Winthrop and William Penn,”
Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society
, 3rd Series Vol. 99, 1987, pp. 7–8.

4
Dunn (1987), p. 3.

5
Ibid., pp. 3–4; Fischer (1989), pp. 453–455, 461; Kornwolf and Kornwolf, Vol. 2, pp. 1175–1177.

6
Taylor (2001), p. 267; Dunn (1987), pp. 10–12; John Alexander Dickinson and Brian J. Young,
A Short History of Quebec
, Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2003, pp. 65–66.

7
Walter Allen Knittle,
Early Eighteenth Century Palatine Emigration
, Philadelphia: Dorrance & Co., 1936, pp. 1–81; Dunn (1987), p. 16; Charles R. Haller,
Across the Atlantic and Beyond: The Migration of German and Swiss Immigrants to America
, Westminster, MD: Heritage Books, 1993, p. 200; Oscar Kuhns,
The German and Swiss Settlements of Colonial Pennsylvania
, New York: Abingdon Press, 1914, p. 57.

8
Fischer (1989), p. 432; Richard H. Shryock, “British Versus German Traditions in Colonial Agriculture,”
Mississippi Valley Historical Review
, Vol. 26, No. 1, June 1939, pp. 46–49.

9
Shryock, pp. 49–50; Fischer (1989), pp. 601–602; “The German Protest Against Slavery, 1688,”
The Penn Monthly
, February 1875, p. 117.

10
Baltzell (1979), pp. 127–132; Boorstin (1958), p. 68; John Fanning Watson,
Annals of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania, in the Olden Time
, Vol. 1, Philadelphia: Elijah Thomas, 1857, p. 106.

11
R. J. Dickson,
Ulster Emigration to Colonial America, 1718–1775
, Belfast, U.K.: Ulster Historical Foundation, 1976, p. 225; James Leyburn,
The Scotch-Irish: A Social History
, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1962, pp. 175, 180, 192.

12
Boorstin (1958), pp. 51–53.

13
Ibid., pp. 54–66; Taylor (2001), p. 430.

1
“State of the Commonwealth of Scotland” in William K. Boyd, ed.,
Calendar of State Papers, Scotland, 1547–1603: Vol. 5, 1574–1581
, Edinburgh: H. M. General Register House, 1907, p. 564; Fischer (1989), p. 628; Jonathan Swift,
Proposal for Universal Use of Irish Manufacture
, Dublin: E. Waters, 1720.

2
Phillips (1999), p. 179.

3
Charles Knowles Bolton,
Scotch Irish Pioneers in Ulster and America
, Boston: Bacon & Brown, 1910, pp. 44–45.

4
“Abstract of the receipts on the hereditary and additional duties [in Ireland],” in Richard Arthur Roberts, ed.,
Calendar of Home Papers, 1773–1775
, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1899, pp. 513–514; Bailyn (1986), pp. 36–42.

5
Patrick Griffin,
The People with No Name
, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001, pp. 102–105.

6
Ibid., pp. 593–596; Warren R. Hofstra, “The Virginia Backcountry in the Eighteenth Century,”
Virginia Magazine of History and Biography
, Vol. 101, No. 4, October 1993, pp. 490, 493–494; Fischer (1989), pp. 740–741.

7
Grady McWhiney,
Cracker Culture: Celtic Ways in the Old South
, Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1988, pp. 52–57; Charles Woodmason,
The Carolina Backcountry on the Eve of the Revolution
[1768], Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1953, p. 52.

8
Hofstra (1993), p. 499; Fischer (1989), pp. 765–771; Griffin (2001), p. 112.

9
Fischer (1989), pp. 749–757, 772–774; Leyburn (1962), pp. 261–269.

10
Bailyn (1986), pp. 13–29.

11
Joanna Brooks, “Held Captive by the Irish: Quaker Captivity Narratives in Frontier Pennsylvania,”
New Hibernia Review
, Autumn 2004, p. 32; Rachel N. Klein, “Ordering the Backcountry: the South Carolina Regulation,”
William and Mary Quarterly
, Vol. 38, No. 4, October 1981, pp. 668–672.

12
Brooke Hindle, “March of the Paxton Boys,”
William and Mary Quarterly
, Third Series, Vol. 3, No. 4, October 1946, pp. 461–486.

13
Ibid.; Merrill Jensen,
The Founding of a Nation: A History of the American Revolution
, New York: Oxford University Press, 1968, p. 27.

14
Charles Desmond Dutrizac, “Local Identity and Authority in a Disputed Hinterland: The Pennsylvania-Maryland Border in the 1730s,”
Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
, Vol. 115, No. 1, January 1991, pp. 35–61; Taylor (2001), p. 434; Klein (1981), pp. 671–680.

15
Klein (1981), pp. 671–679; Robert F. Sayre, ed.,
American Lives: An Anthology of Autobiographical Writing
, Madison: University of Wisconsin, 1994, p. 171.

16
Walter B. Edgar,
South Carolina: A History
, Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1998, pp. 212–216; Klein (1981), p. 680.

17
Robert D. W. Connor,
History of North Carolina
, Vol. 1, Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co., 1919, pp. 302–320.

18
George D. Wolf,
The Fair Play Settlers of the West Branch Valley, 1769–1784
, Harrisburg, PA: BiblioBazaar, 1969, pp. 27–28, 46–48, 88.

19
Bailyn (1986), pp. 21–22, 536–541.

1
Linda Colley,
Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707–1737
, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1994, p. 167; Fischer (1989), pp. 823–824.

2
Taylor (2001), pp. 438–442; Fischer (1989), pp. 824–826; Marshall Delancey Haywood, “The Story of Queen's College or Liberty Hall in the Province of North Carolina,”
North Carolina Booklet
, Vol. 11, No. 1, July 1911, p. 171; Phillips (1999), pp. 86–88, 93; Joseph C. Morton,
The American Revolution
, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2003, p. 31.