Authors: David Halberstam
124
AT THE LOWER HEIGHT:
Author’s group interview.
124
THE WORLD STANDS ASIDE:
Author’s group interview.
124
THE COST TO THE COMPANY:
Author interview with Robert Cumberford.
124
NO SON OF MINE:
Author interview with Robert Cumberford.
125
EVEN HIS SHOES LOOKED:
Author’s group interview.
125
WELL THE NEXT TIME:
Author’s group interview.
125
IF IT HAD NOT, HE:
Author’s group interview.
126
HOW CAN YOU COMPLAIN:
Author’s group interview.
126
AT FORD HE WAS KNOWN:
Author interview with Don Frey.
126
IS IT RESPONSIBLE TO CAMOUFLAGE:
Hine, p. 93.
127
THE
1957
FORD WAS GREAT:
Hine, p. 99.
127
GENERAL MOTORS IS IN BUSINESS:
Author interview with Robert Cumberford.
127
LISTEN, I’D PUT SMOKE STACKS:
Author interview with Stan Mott.
127
IT GAVE THEM [THE CUSTOMERS]:
Hine, p. 83.
127
DYNAMIC OBSOLESCENCE:
Hine, p. 85.
128
I AM A WRENCH AND PLIERS MAN:
Halberstam, p. 322.
128
WHEN MOTHER NATURE FORMED PETROLEUM:
Halberstam, p. 323.
128
FOUNDED BY WOODBRIDGE FERRIS:
Author interview with Anthony De Lorenzo.
129
HE COULD SEE BEYOND THE FIGURES:
Author interview with Anthony De Lorenzo.
129
HARLEY, WHAT DO YOU DRIVE:
Author interview with Anthony De Lorenzo.
129
YOU NEVER STAND STILL:
Cray, p. 354.
129
THE LAST PERSON TO REALLY RUN:
Cray, p. 380.
130
YOU KNOW WHAT THE BOSS:
Sheehan, “How Harland Curtice Earns His $750,000,”
Fortune,
February 1956, p. 135.
130
FIFTY PERCENT, HELL:
Author interview with Bunkie Knudson.
130
A ROUGH ESTIMATE:
Cray, p. 362.
130
AN AVERAGE OF
4.5
MILLION:
Cray, p. 362.
CHAPTER NINE
131
$5,000,
WHICH WAS THEN:
Fenton,
In Your Opinion,
p. 25.
131
RIGHT AFTER THE WAR:
Goulden,
The Best Years: 1945–1950,
p. 426.
132
GRADUATE CARPENTERS:
Author interview with William Levitt.
132
LEVITTOWN HOUSES WERE SOCIAL CREATIONS:
Jackson,
Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States,
p. 236.
132
NO MAN WHO OWNS HIS:
Larrabee, “Six Thousand Houses That Levitt Built,”
Harpers,
September 1948, p. 84.
133
THE NAVY PROVIDED HIM:
Author interview with William Levitt.
133
JUST BEG, BORROW, OR STEAL:
Author interview with William Levitt.
134
THE REAL ESTATE BOYS:
Jackson, p. 233.
134
IN
1944
THERE HAD BEEN ONLY:
Jackson, p. 233.
134
WE BELIEVE THAT THE MARKET:
Larrabee, p. 87.
134
THE ORIGINAL NAME WAS SOMETHING:
Author interview with William Levitt.
136
THE SAME MAN DOES THE SAME THING:
“The Most House for the Money,”
Fortune,
October 1952, p. 152.
137
EIGHTEEN HOUSES COMPLETED:
Author interview with William Levitt.
138
A RETIRED MARX BROTHER:
Larrabee, p. 79.
138
MY FATHER ALWAYS TAUGHT ME:
Larrabee, p. 83.
138
THE JOB OF THE UNION:
Author interview with William Levitt.
138
IF ONLY IN THREE-CENT STAMPS:
Larrabee, p. 83.
139
FOR LITERALLY NOTHING DOWN:
Keats,
The Crack in the Picture Window,
p. 7.
140
A MULTITUDE OF UNIFORM, UNIDENTIFIABLE:
Jackson, p. 244.
140
ABOUT THE HORROR OF BEING:
Rosenbaum, “The House that Levitt Built,”
Esquire,
December 1983, p. 380.
140
NOW LEWIS MUMFORD CAN’T CRITICIZE:
Gans,
The Levittowners: Ways of Life and Politics in a New Suburban Community,
p. 9.
141
I THINK BY NOW WE’VE SHOWN:
Rosenbaum, p. 386.
141
THE NEGROES IN AMERICA:
Currie,
Current Biography Yearbook
(1956), p. 375.
141
IN THE THIRD LEVITTOWN:
Gans, p. 9.
142
BY
1955
LEVITT-TYPE SUBDIVISIONS:
Jackson, p. 233.
CHAPTER TEN
Major sources: author interviews with Eugene and Isabelle Ferkauf and
More Than They Bargained For: The Rise and Fall of E.J. Korvetts
by Isadore Barmash.
CHAPTER ELEVEN
155
WE WERE BOTH PUSHING LIGHTS:
Author interview with Dick McDonald.
156
PAT, I THINK YOU’VE OUTLIVED:
Author interview with Dick McDonald.
156
WE WEREN’T GOING TO SELL:
Author interview with Dick McDonald.
156
I CAN’T GIVE YOU THE FULL:
Author interview with Dick McDonald.
156
MY GOD, THE CARHOPS WERE SLOW:
Love,
McDonald’s: Behind the Arches,
p. 14.
157
THE MORE WE HAMMERED AWAY:
Love, p. 14.
158
POSING AS A FREE-LANCE WRITER:
Author interview with Dick McDonald.
158
OUR WHOLE CONCEPT WAS BASED:
Love, p. 14.
158
IN THIS, THEY WERE GREATLY:
Love, p. 17.
159
IN
1952
THEY WERE ON:
Love, p. 20.
159
I HAVE NEVER SEEN ANYTHING:
Love, p. 25.
160
WHAT THE HELL FOR:
Love, p. 22.
160
WE ARE GOING TO BE:
Love, p. 23.
161
ON THE DAY OF THE SENIOR:
Kroc with Anderson,
Grinding It Out: The Making of McDonalds,
p. 39.
161
YOU COULD MIX CONCRETE:
Kroc, p. 6.
161
IN
1939
HE STARTED HIS OWN:
Love, p. 34.
162
HE IMMEDIATELY LIKED WHAT HE:
Kroc, p. 6.
161
MR. MULTIMIXER:
Kroc, p. 8.
162
SOMETIME LATE IN THE NIGHT:
Author interview with Fred Turner.
163
HAVE YOU FOUND A FRANCHISING:
Love, p. 40.
163
IT WAS PRACTICALLY LIFE OR DEATH:
Love, p. 47.
163
THESE WERE THE FORERUNNER:
Author interview with Fred Turner.
164
THE PEOPLE WHO WOULD EAT:
Author interview with Waddy Pratt.
164
I’VE MADE UP MY MIND THAT:
Author interview with Waddy Pratt.
164
THAT DEMANDED A CONDIMENT STATION:
Love, p. 142.
165
WE HAVE FOUND OUT, AS YOU HAVE:
Love, p. 31.
165
EVERY NIGHT YOU’D SEE HIM:
Love, p. 71.
166
HE GAVE HIS TOP PEOPLE:
Author interview with Fred Turner and Dick Starmann.
166
THAT SOB BETTER BE GOOD:
Love, p. 91.
166
MY NAME’S RAY KROC, AND I’M:
Author interview with Waddy Pratt.
166
I GUESS YOU WISH YOU:
Author interview with Dick Starmann.
167
FROM THE START HIS RESTAURANT:
Love, p. 73.
167
NOTHING IN THE WORLD CAN:
From tapes at the McDonald’s Museum in Oak Park.
167
TO THE DAY HE DIED:
Author interview with Turner and Starmann.
167
KROC WENT BALLISTIC AND DEMANDED:
Author interview with Dick Starmann.
168
RAY, WHAT IN GOD’S NAME:
Author interview with Waddy Pratt.
168
WHEN BEEF, STEAKS, AND CHOPS:
Letter written December 17, 1969; in the McDonald’s Museum.
168
RAY, YOU’VE GOT TO BE CRAZY:
Love, p. 73.
169
HE TREATED HIS SUPPLIERS WELL:
Love, pp. 129–30.
170
I PUT THE HAMBURGER ON:
Love, p. 211.
170
RIDICULOUS TO CALL THIS:
Institutional VFM interview.
170
IF THEY WERE DROWNING:
The McDonald’s Museum.
170
CONSIDER, FOR EXAMPLE, THE HAMBURGER BUN:
Kroc, p. 92.
171
TOWARD THE END OF HIS LIFE:
Author interview with Dick Starmann.
171
ART, I’M NOT NORMALLY A VINDICTIVE MAN:
Love, p. 201.
CHAPTER TWELVE
Major sources: “Kemmons Wilson,”
Time
magazine, June 12, 1972; “Kemmons Wilson and Holiday Inn,” by Ed Weathers,
Memphis
magazine, September 1985. Author interviews with friends and family.
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
180
A DEVICE THAT PERMITS PEOPLE:
Taylor,
Fred Alien: His Life and Wit,
p. 284.
181
TELEVISION WAS ALREADY CONDUCTING ITSELF:
Allen,
Treadmill to Oblivion,
p. 238.
181
SOUNDED LIKE A MAN WITH FALSE TEETH:
Taylor, p. 3.
181
WHY DON’T YOU LOOK UP:
Taylor, p. 284.
181
HE’S AFRAID GOD MIGHT RECOGNIZE HIM:
Taylor, p. 250.
182
SITUATED ON THE SHORES:
Allen, p. 80.
182
YOU WOULDN’T DARE TALK TO ME:
Taylor, p. 239.
182
EVEN WITHOUT THE COMING OF TELEVISION:
Allen, p. 238.
183
A MEDIUM THAT DEMANDS ENTERTAINMENT:
Allen, p. 239.
183
REDUCED TO ESSENTIALS A QUIZ SHOW:
Allen, p. 106.
183
FOR ME MORE INTERESTING THAN LINDBERGH’S:
Taylor, p. 289.
183
WHEN TELEVISION BELATEDLY FOUND ITS WAY:
Allen, p. 239.
184
IT IS THE STORY OF A RADIO SHOW:
Taylor, p. 353.
184
IN
1950
THERE WERE
108
DIFFERENT SERIES:
Barnouw,
A History of Broadcasting: The Golden Web,
Vol. 2, p. 285.
185
IN NEW YORK CITY, FIFTY-FIVE THEATERS CLOSED:
Barnouw, p. 286.
186
YOU TAKE A KID AT THE AGE OF FIVE:
Berle,
Milton Berle: Current Biography
(1949), p. 69.
186
ACCORDING TO VARIETY, OF THE:
Wertheim,
The Rise and Fall of Milton Berle in American History, American Television,
p. 72.
187
PEOPLE WHO CALLED HIM AT HOME:
Wertheim, p. 74.
CHAPTER FOURTEEN
188
PART OF HIS SUCCESS WITH ORDINARY PEOPLE:
Author interview with Albert Gore.
189
I’VE MET MILLIONS OF SELF-MADE:
Halberstam,
The Powers that Be,
p. 226.
189
WELL, ESTES, YOU’RE A CONGRESSMAN:
Gorman,
Kefauver,
p. 6.
189
SHAME ON YOU, ESTES KEFAUVER:
Gorman, p. 7.
189
WE ARE ANXIOUS TO GET EVERYTHING:
Gorman, p. 46.
189
PET COON FOR THE SOVIETS:
Gorman, pp. 48–49.
190
DON’T YOU WANT TO BE VICE-PRESIDENT:
Author interview with Katharine Graham.
191
BY SOME ESTIMATES ONLY 1.5 PERCENT:
Gorman, p. 91.
192
SOME
70
PERCENT OF NEW YORK:
Manchester,
The Glory and the Dream: A Narrative History of America, 1932–1972,
p. 600.
192
THE WEEK OF MARCH
12, 1951
:
“Who’s a Liar,”
Life,
April 2, 1951, pp. 19–25.
194
HE COULD NOT ATTEND THE AWARDS:
Gorman, p. 102.
CHAPTER FIFTEEN
Major sources: Andrews,
The I Love Lucy Book;
Brochu,
Lucy in the Afternoon;
Diggins,
The Proud Decades;
Fox,
The Mirror Makers;
Harris,
Lucy & Desi;
Morella and Epstein,
Forever Lucy.
CHAPTER SIXTEEN
203
“IF THEY DO NOT,” HE SAID:
James,
The Years of MacArthur,
p. 610.
203
THE SENATE HEARINGS THAT FOLLOWED:
Collins,
War in Peacetime,
p. 290.
204
AS WILLIAM MANCHESTER WROTE, MACARTHUR’S:
Manchester,
American Caesar,
p. 628.
204
MACARTHUR STILL, ON OCCASION:
Manchester, p. 182.
205
BUT ON THE PRO SIDE, HE WROTE:
Patterson,
Mr. Republican,
p. 505.
205
IT WAS A CARTOON OF A DINOSAUR:
Patterson, p. 561.